DEUTERONOMY

Possible Route of the Exodus

I. INTRODUCTIONTO THE BOOK OF DEUTERONOMY

AUTHOR: Moses DATE: 1410 B.C.

Title The English title (from the Greek Septuagint) means “second law-giving” and comes from the mistranslation of 17:18, which actually “a copy of this law.” The Jewish title (which means “words”) comes from the first verse and is typical of the beginning of ancient suzerainty treaties (see note on Ex. 19:3). Much of the material in the book follows the treaty pattern, elaborating the responsibilities of Israel as God’s covenant people. Included are repetitions of many of the laws contained in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers.

Historical Setting The book contains the addresses that Moses gave during the final months of his life, when the Israelites were encamped in the plains of Moab prior to their entrance into the Promised Land. The people were facing war, temptations, and a new, settled way of life – all under the unproved leadership of Joshua. Moses’ congregation here had not personally experienced the deliverance at the Red Sea or the giving of the law at Sinai; they to be reminded of God’s power and God’s laws.

Authorship of Chapter 34 The account of Moses’ death in chapter 34 could not have been written by Moses, but that obvious truth in no way negates the Mosaic authorship of the rest of the book. It was quite customary to append an obituary to the final work of a great man, and it is unthinkable that someone (most likely Joshua) would not have made such an addition to the last writing of Moses.

Contents The book may be viewed as a constitution for the theocracy of Israel once she was established in the land. Its structure parallels that of a typical suzerainty treaty of the period: (1) preamble, 1:1-5; (2) historical prologue, 1:6-4:49; (3) main provisions, 5:1-26:19; (4) curses and blessings, 27:1-30:20; and (5) arrangements for continuation of the covenant, 31:1-33:29.

Jesus Christ quoted from this book to refute the devil (Matt. 4:1-11) and to summarize the law (Matt. 22:37). Of the twenty-seven books of the N.T., seventeen quote from Deuteronomy.

Some especially important passages include: 5:6-21 (the Ten Commandments); 6:4-9 (the Shema, “Hear, O Israel”); 13:1-5 (on false prophets); 18:9-15 (on false diviners); 29:1-30:20 (the Palestinian covenant).

II. OUTLINE OF DEUTERONOMY

I. Introduction, 1:1-5

II. Recapitulation of Israel’s Wanderings: Historical, 1:6-4:43

A. Israel at Sinai, 1:6-18

B. Israel at Kadesh Barnea, 1:19-46

C. Israel’s Journey from Kadesh to Moab, 2:1-3:291. The journey to Transjordan, 2:1-232. The conquest of Transjordan, 2:24-3:113. The allotment of Transjordan, 3:12-29

D. Israel on the Plains of Mob, 4:1-431. A call to obedience, 4:1-402. The cities of refuge, 4:41-43

III. Rehearsal of Israel’s Law: Legal, 4:44-26:19

A. Commands Concerning God, 4:44-12:32

B. Commands Concerning False Prophets, 13:1-18

C. Commands Concerning Food, 14:1-21

D. Commands Concerning Tithes, 14:22-29

E. Commands Concerning the Sabbath Year, 15:1-23

F. Commands Concerning Festivals, 16:1-17

G. Commands Concerning Leaders, 16:18-18:221. Judges, 16:18-17:132. Kings, 17:14-203. Levites, 18:1-84. False Diviners, 18:9-145. Messiah, 18:15-196. Prophets, 18:20-22

H. Commands Concerning Human Relationships, 19:1-26:191. The cities of refuge, 19:1-132. The boundary mark, 19:143. Witnesses, 19:15-214. Warfare, 20:1-205. Manslaughter, 21:1-96. Marriage and family life, 21:10-22:307. The congregation, 23:1-188. Protection for the weak, 23:19-25:199. Firstfruits, 26:1-19

IV. Ratification of Israel’s Covenant, 27:1-30:20

A. Prerequisite Ceremonies, 27:1-26

B. Promise of Blessings, 28:1-14

C. Promise of Curses, 28:15-68

D. Provisions of the Palestinian Covenant, 29:1-30:20

V. Conclusion, 31:1-34:12

A. Charges Related to Moses, 31:1-29

B. Song of Moses, 31:30-32:47

C. Testament of Moses, 32:48-33:29

D. Death of Moses, 34:1-12

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