Book of Deuteronomy

Book of Deuteronomy

Book of Deuteronomy

Literary Structure of Book:

Resembles a Second-millennium B.C treaty between a suzerain and vassal.

Suzerain: A nation that controls a dependent nation’s international affairs but otherwise allows it to control its internal affairs

Vassal: Somebody who was obliged to show loyalty and homage to a lord in return for being allowed to occupy land belonging to the lord and receiving his protection

Book of Deuteronomy

Literary Form of ANE Treaty:Literary Form of ANE Treaty:

Pre-Amble Deut 1:1-5

Historical Prologue Deut 1:6-4:49

Stipulations

General Deut 5-11

Specific Deut 12-26

Blessings/Curses Deut 27-28

Book of Deuteronomy

Literary Structure of Book:

Sermons/Speeches of Moses

Sermon 1: Deut 1:1-4:40Remembering Great God-Events

Sermon 2: Deut 5:1-28:68Blessings/Curses

Sermon 3: Deut 29-33Covenant Renewal

Succession of Joshua

DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY

The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon


GENESISGENESISEXODUSEXODUSLEVITICUSLEVITICUSNUMBERSNUMBERS






JOSHUAJOSHUAJUDGESJUDGESSAMUELSAMUELKINGSKINGS




JOSHUAJOSHUAJUDGESJUDGESSAMUELSAMUELKINGSKINGS



Book of Joshua

Joshua: More than Jericho

Chap 1 - Reassure Joshua

1:1-5 God’s “I will”

1:6-9 Joshua’s “I will”

Chap 2 - Rahab and Spies

2:4 Is this about Lying or the Lord

See Matt 1, Heb 11, James 2:24-25


Chap 3 - Crossing the Jordan

3:15a Who Leads the People?

3:15b Time of the Crossing

3:15a Show Me the Faith


Chap 5 & 6 - Taking of Jericho

5:13-15 General Who?Does he play favorites?

6:17-21 Destroy it all!

Problems in the Promised LandProblems in the Promised Land

Joshua 6

God’s Command: God’s Command:

Utterly Destroy Utterly Destroy heremherem ~r;x'


Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Do not let them live in your land, or they will cause you to sin against me, because the worship of their gods will certainly be a snare to you. Ex 23:33Ex 23:33

And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.

Ex Ex 34:1634:16


Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):

Deuteronomy 20:16-18

16 However, in the cities of the nations the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes. 17 Completely destroy them-- the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites-- as the LORD your God has commanded you. 18 Otherwise, they will teach you to follow all the detestable things they do in worshiping their gods, and you will sin against the LORD your God.


Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):

Lev 27:28-29

28 "'But nothing that a man owns and devotes to the LORD-- whether man or animal or family land-- may be sold or redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD. 29 "'No person devoted to destruction may be ransomed; he must be put to death.

What herem is!What herem is!

God reminding us He is sovereign God reminding us He is sovereign over all the earth, possessions, and over all the earth, possessions, and inhabitantsinhabitants

• All is His; All is His; we are caretakers we are caretakers of of His gardenHis garden

What herem is!What herem is!God is judging sin as the destroyer God is judging sin as the destroyer of His creation, land, and people.of His creation, land, and people.

• Genesis 15:16Genesis 15:16

• ArchaeologyArchaeology

• Rahab (Joshua 2:8-13)Rahab (Joshua 2:8-13)

More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7

God’s own commentary of God’s own commentary of Israel’s sin (Joshua 7:11):Israel’s sin (Joshua 7:11):

TheyThey have taken devoted thing have taken devoted thing ALSOALSO

TheyThey have stolen have stolen ALSOALSO

TheyThey have lied have lied ALSOALSO

TheyThey have possessed have possessed ALSO ALSO


Behavior of AchanBehavior of Achan

•7:16-20 Not confession but caught7:16-20 Not confession but caught

•7:21 7:21 I saw, I coveted, I tookI saw, I coveted, I tookEchoes of Gen 3 & Ex 20Echoes of Gen 3 & Ex 20


Punishment of AchanPunishment of Achan •7:23 Spread before the Lord7:23 Spread before the Lord Mocking Mocking God’s Role in Victory God’s Role in Victory

(to the victor go the spoils)(to the victor go the spoils)

•7:25 Threatening the well-being 7:25 Threatening the well-being of community life, of community life, at at time of war.time of war.


Punishment of AchanPunishment of Achan

•Plunder was un-necessary, for Plunder was un-necessary, for he appears wealthyhe appears wealthy (7:24)(7:24)

•Punishment described was Punishment described was heremherem, same as Canaanites, same as Canaanites


•Sin has a corporate or a Sin has a corporate or a community nature about it! community nature about it!

•Wrongdoing by individual Wrongdoing by individual has effects upon all (1 Cor 5:6)has effects upon all (1 Cor 5:6)

What herem is!What herem is!

God is demonstrating His God is demonstrating His Righteousness.Righteousness.

•God did God did notnot favor Israel favor Israel

•God God diddid judge Israel judge Israel

Outline of JoshuaOutline of Joshua

I. Israel Conquers LandI. Israel Conquers Land

• Preparation (1-5)Preparation (1-5)

• Conquer Central (6-9)Conquer Central (6-9)

• Conquer South (10)Conquer South (10)

• Conquer North (11-12)Conquer North (11-12)


II. Israel Divides the LandII. Israel Divides the Land

•Hint of Problems Hint of Problems 13:1; 13:1313:1; 13:13

•Distribution of Land (13-19)Distribution of Land (13-19)


III. Israel Renews CovenantIII. Israel Renews Covenant

•Warning, Land is yours, by Faith 23:1-16Warning, Land is yours, by Faith 23:1-16See esp. 23:6-11See esp. 23:6-11

•Review of God’s GraceReview of God’s Grace 24:1-13 24:1-13 ( (Note pronounsNote pronouns))

•Covenant RenewalCovenant Renewal 24:14-19 24:14-19

Book of Judges

Book of JudgesBook of JudgesSummary at the StartSummary at the Start

In JoshuaIn Joshua: : The children of Israel The children of Israel entered the promised land and God’s entered the promised land and God’s anger turned against pagansanger turned against pagans

In JudgesIn Judges:: The children of Israel are The children of Israel are hanging on to the land and God’s hanging on to the land and God’s anger turned against Israel’s sin.anger turned against Israel’s sin.

Book of JudgesBook of JudgesEnding and BeginningEnding and Beginning

Judges Explicitly Ends: In those days there was no king in Israel, everyone did as he saw fit (21:25)

Judges Implicitly Begins: “After the death of Joshua…” (1:1)

Book of JudgesBook of Judges

I.Israel’s

unfaithful-ness and

inablility to drive out

inhabitants from the

land

II.Yahweh’s faithfulness manifested amidst

Israel’s faithlessness through repeated divine deliverances

A. Prep. sum-mary and 3-fold pur-pose

B. Recurring cycles:sin(esp. idolatry)

oppression from

neighbors

petitionjudge

deliverance and rest

III.Specific instances of

chaos and unfaithfulness

2:6 16:31 17:1 21:25

1:1 2:52:6- 3:6 3:7 16:31

A. Incident

surround-ing Micah

and Danites

B. Incident

surround-ing

Benjamin-ites

12 Judges-6 major-6 minor OthnielOthniel EhudEhud DeborahDeborah GideonGideon JephthahJephthah SamsonSamson

(3:7-11) (3:12-30) (4:1-5:30) (6:1-8:35) (10:6-12:6) (13:1-16:31)

[Shamgar-3:31]

KingKingAbimelechAbimelech

(ch.9)(ch.9)[Tola, Jair-10:1-5]

[Ibzan, Elon, Abdon-12:7-15]

“There was no king in Israel - Every man did what was right in his own eyes.” (17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25)

17:1 18:31 19:1 21:25

Judges 2:6-3:6 - Survey

I. Loss of Knowledge of YahwehA. Generation of Witness Obedience(6-7)B. Death of Joshua and his generation(8-10a)C. Generation of ignorance of Yahweh (10b)

II. Pattern of Israel’s Rejection of Yahweh, with Yahweh’s Response of Anger and CompassionA. Israel’s Apostasy (2:11-13)B. Yahweh’s Response (2:14-3:6)

1. Response-Anger (2:14-15) oppression as punishment2. Response- Compassion (2:16-19)

deliverance through Judges vs. Israel’s stubborn refusal to alter its evil, idolatrous ways

3. Response-Anger (2:20-3:6) Nations allowed to remain as punishment and test-a test which Israel fails (3:5-6) (Climax)

Note: Failure of Israel to respond properly no matter what course Yahweh pursues.

““So the anger of So the anger of Yahweh was Yahweh was kindled against kindled against Israel”(2:14)Israel”(2:14)

““So the anger of So the anger of Yahweh was Yahweh was kindled against kindled against Israel”(2:20)Israel”(2:20)

2:62:6

2:102:102:112:11

3:63:6

Book of JudgesBook of JudgesOutlineOutline

I. Introductory Remarks (1-2)I. Introductory Remarks (1-2)

II. Major Judges (3-16)II. Major Judges (3-16)

III. Appendex (17-21)III. Appendex (17-21)

Book of JudgesBook of JudgesTwo Kinds of Leaders in the Old Testament Two Kinds of Leaders in the Old Testament

Israel:Israel:

I.I. Hereditary LeadersHereditary Leadersa. Priestsa. Priests

b. Kingsb. Kings

II.II. Inspirational Leaders Inspirational Leaders a. Prophetsa. Prophets

b. Judgesb. Judges

Their calling comes from a dramatic Their calling comes from a dramatic encounter with God.encounter with God.

Sin Cycle of Judges

Sin (especially idolatry)

Destruction, oppression from neighbors Deliverance and restoration

Emergence of judge

Petition

1. 3:7-11 - Othniel

2. 3:12-30 - Ehud

3. 4:1-5:30 - Deborah

4. 6:1-8:35 - Gideon

5. 10:6-12:6 - Jephthah

6. 13:1-16:31 - Samson

sindestruction

crying (petition?)

deliverance-restoration

complacency sin destruction

Book of JudgesBook of Judges

An Example from Judge Ehud

SinSin 3:123:12

DestructionDestruction 3:13-143:13-14

Cry to LordCry to Lord 3:153:15

Lord Raises JudgeLord Raises Judge 3:15b3:15b

DeliveranceDeliverance 3:15ff3:15ff

Book of Ruth

The problem:Naomi is Afflicted

Tragicevents

Consequentseparationandmourning

The solution:God’s Plan to make Naomi Full

Ruth’s initialfavor fromBoaz

Ruth’s marriage to Boaz, and birth ofObed

Genealogyfrom Perez -through BoazandObed -toDavid1:1 1:22 2:1 4:17

1:1 1:5 1:6 1:22 2:1 2:23 3:1 4:17 4:18 4:22

Book of Ruth

Ruth in Brief

Author: Unknown

Date: The Days of the Judges

Books of Samuel/Kings

Book of 1 SamuelBook of 1 SamuelGod Grants a KingGod Grants a King

1. Period of Transition 1. Period of Transition (1-7)(1-7)

2. Call for A King 2. Call for A King (8-12)(8-12)

3. Loss of King Saul3. Loss of King Saul (13-15)(13-15)

4. Rise of David 4. Rise of David (16-31)(16-31)

THE RULE (JUDGESHIP) THE RULE (JUDGESHIP) OF SAMUELOF SAMUEL

(VS. ELI’S (VS. ELI’S HOUSE)HOUSE)

EliEli

SamuelSamuel

1:11:1 12:212:255

THE RULE (KINGSHIP) OF THE RULE (KINGSHIP) OF SAULSAUL

(VS. (VS. DAVID)DAVID)

SaulSaul

DavidDavid

13:113:1 31:1331:13

THE RISE OF THE RISE OF SAMUEL’S SAMUEL’S HOUSE AND HOUSE AND DECLINE OF DECLINE OF ELI’S HOUSEELI’S HOUSE

1:11:1 7:17:177

THE RISE OF THE RISE OF THE THE MONARCHY MONARCHY UNDER UNDER SAMUELSAMUEL

8:18:1 12:2512:25

GGEENNEERRAALL

HEHEAAD I D I NNGG

13:113:1

SAUL’S SAUL’S FATAL FATAL DISOBEDDISOBED-IENCE-IENCE

Appoint-Appoint-ment ment and and RejectionRejection

13:213:2 15:3515:35

SAUL’S SAUL’S ENCOUNTERS ENCOUNTERS WITH HIS WITH HIS SUCCESSORSUCCESSOR

16:116:1 31:331:311

1 Samuel1 Samuel

Book of 2 SamuelBook of 2 SamuelDavid’s ReignDavid’s Reign

1. David’s Rise 1. David’s Rise (1-10)(1-10)David at his bestDavid at his best

2. David’s Fall 2. David’s Fall (11-24)(11-24)David at his worstDavid at his worst

2 Samuel

I. The Reign of David as Characterized by Prosperity and

Growth(Blessing) Family

Rule

II. The Reign of David as Characterized by Problems and

Decline(Curse) Family

Rule

III. Various Events and

Persons Related to

David’s Reign

1:1 10:19 11:1 20:26 21:1 24:25A. Occasion for David’s reign: Death of Saul and Jonathan

B. Establishment of David’s Throne and

Family

1. David Established at Hebron(King of Judah)

2. David Established at Jerusalem(King of all Israel)

A. David’s sin and repent-ance

B. Negative Consequences of David’s Sin for his Family and Rule

PIVOTPIVOT1. Problems Surrounding David’s Family

2. Problems Surrounding David’s Rule-Rebellion

A. Gibeonites-ch.21B. Song- 22:1-23:7C. Mighty Men 23:8-39D. Plague ch. 24

1:1-27 2:1 4:12

2:1 10:19

10:195:1 11:1-12:31

13:1 20:26

13:1 14:33 15:1 20:2613:1-22-

Amnon’s incestuousrape of Tamar

13:23-14:33Absolom’s murder of

Amnon

Book of 1 KingsBook of 1 KingsUnited We Stand; Divided United We Stand; Divided

We FallWe Fall

1. United Kingdom1. United Kingdom (1-11)(1-11)

2. Divided Kingdom2. Divided Kingdom (12-22)(12-22)

Book of 2 KingsBook of 2 KingsEnd of a NationEnd of a Nation

1. Divided Kingdom1. Divided Kingdom (1-17)(1-17)

2. Judah Alone2. Judah Alone (18-25)(18-25)

Survey-Books of 1-2 KingsSurvey-Books of 1-2 KingsI. The United Kingdom

(Solomon)II. The Divided Kingdom

(Various Kings)I Kings I KingsI Kings 2 Kings1:1 11:43 12:1 25:30

A. The Establish-ment of Solomon’s Reign

B. The Glorious Achievements of Solomon

C. The Apo-stasy of Solomon

3:1 10:29I Kings

1. Wisdom and wealth (primar-ily person-al)

2. Temple and palace (primar-ily regal)

PIVOTPIVOT

I Kings1:1 2:46

I Kings I Kings I Kings

A. The Division of the Kingdom

I Kings

B. The Kings of Israel and JudahC. The Kings of Judah

I Kings 2 Kings 2 Kings13:1 17:41 18:1-25:30Rehoboam Abijam14:21-31 15:1-8

Jehoram Amaziah8:16-24 12:21;

14:1-22Ahaziah Uzziah8:25-10:36 14:23-15:7Athaliah Jotham11:1-20 15:8, 32-38Joash Ahaz11:21-12:21 16:1-20

Asa15:8-24

Jehoshaphat15:24-and 22:1-50

I Kings 2 Kings

8:15

Hezekiah18:1-20:21Manasseh21:1-18Amon21:19-26Josiah22:1-23:30Jehoahaz23:31-35Jehoiakim23:36-24:7Jehoiachin24:8-17Zedekiah24:18-25:30

Kings of JudahVarious Prophets - Elijah & Elisha - Various Prophets

17:1 13:31Kings of Israel

Jeroboam Nadab Elah12:25-14:20 15:25-32 16:7-14 Baasha Zimri 15:33-16:6 16:15-20

Omri Ahab

16:21-28 16:29- 22:40

I Kings 2 KingsAhaziah1:1-16Jehoram1:17-8:29Jehu9:1-10:36

Jehoahaz13:1-9Jehoash13:10-13Jeroboam II14:23-29

Zechariah15:8-12

Shallum15:13-16Menahem15:17-22Pekahiah15:23-26Pekah15:27-31

Hoshea17:1-6

Exile of Israelto Assyria (17:1-41)Summary

(17:7-41)

Exile of Judah to Babylon(23:36-25:30)

3:1-4:34

5:1-10:29 11:1-43 12:1-33

Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel

SamuelSamuel

Israel Asks for a King Israel Asks for a King

1. Demand (1 Sam 8:1-5)

2. Warnings (8:6-18)

3. Rejection (8:19-20)


Saul, 1st KingSaul, 1st King

The Look of a King (1 Sam 9)The Look of a King (1 Sam 9)

The Heart of a Loser (17)The Heart of a Loser (17)


Saul, Loss of a KingSaul, Loss of a King (13-15) (13-15)

Leadership LessonsLeadership Lessons

1. Obedience is better than 1. Obedience is better than sacrifice (15:22).sacrifice (15:22).

2. Kings must answer to God, 2. Kings must answer to God, not people (15:24).not people (15:24).


David, Man After God’s HeartDavid, Man After God’s Heart

•A model beginning (17)A model beginning (17)

•A patient king-elect (24:6; 26:9)A patient king-elect (24:6; 26:9)

•An eternal covenant (2 Sam 7)An eternal covenant (2 Sam 7)

•A fall from grace (2 Sam 11) A fall from grace (2 Sam 11)

•A dysfunctional familyA dysfunctional family


David, Man After God’s HeartDavid, Man After God’s Heart

•SubmissiveSubmissive

•PrayerPrayer

•ForgivenessForgiveness

•Covenant-MakerCovenant-Maker


David is God’s Choice for LeaderDavid is God’s Choice for Leader

because because

God is David’s Choice for LordGod is David’s Choice for Lord

David is example for all future kings. David is example for all future kings. (1 Kings 14:8; 2 Kings 18:3)(1 Kings 14:8; 2 Kings 18:3)

Reigns of 1-2 KingsReigns of 1-2 Kings

SolomonSolomon

•Wise request (1 Kings 3)Wise request (1 Kings 3)

•Temple Construction (1 Kings 5-7)Temple Construction (1 Kings 5-7)

•Temple Dedication (1 Kings 8)Temple Dedication (1 Kings 8)Note 1 Kings 8:30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 45Note 1 Kings 8:30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 45“Hear from Heaven”“Hear from Heaven”God’s presence is not limited to the TempleGod’s presence is not limited to the Temple


Northern Kingdom (Israel)Northern Kingdom (Israel)

19 Kings, all evil19 Kings, all evil

Israel destroyed by Assyria in Israel destroyed by Assyria in 722 B.C. by Shalmaneser V.722 B.C. by Shalmaneser V.

Southern Kingdom (Judah) Southern Kingdom (Judah) survived as a vassal. (Isaiah 7)survived as a vassal. (Isaiah 7)


Southern Kingdom (Judah)Southern Kingdom (Judah)

20 Kings, mixed leadership20 Kings, mixed leadership

Judah destroyed by Babylon in Judah destroyed by Babylon in 587 B.C. by Nebuchadnezzar.587 B.C. by Nebuchadnezzar.

Solomon’s temple destroyed; Solomon’s temple destroyed; people in exile.people in exile.

KingsKings

Saul, David Solomon

Northern KingdomNorthern Kingdom (Israel)

930 - 722 B.C. Destroyed by Assyria

Southern KingdomSouthern Kingdom (Judah)

930-587 B.C. Babylon Conquest

United We Stand…United We Stand…

Divided We FallDivided We Fall


Themes from the Kings:Themes from the Kings:

1. Faith1. Faithfulfulness brings blessings; ness brings blessings; faithfaithlesslessness brings judgment ness brings judgment

2. In the face of men’s sin;2. In the face of men’s sin;God’s covenant never waversGod’s covenant never wavers

1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief

Books of Samuel and Kings verses Books of Chronicles

•S & K = prophetic viewpointC = priestly viewpoint

•S & K = national (Israel & Judah) focusC = Judah alone

•S & K = political & military historyC = religious reform

1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief

Purposes of the Books of Chronicles

1. Historic Purpose

•View of history from divine perspective. Rather than starting with Samuel, Chronicles reports from Adam’s creation to King Cyrus (538 B.C.)

2. Canonical Purpose

•When OT canon was put together (by Ezra) 1 & 2 Chronicles falls at the end. Historical reflection.

Post-Exilic Books in Brief

Post-Exilic Books in Brief

Book of Ezra-Nehemiah

1. Author/Complier: Ezra, the priest

2. Date: 538-430 B.C., covers the time of

• First return of Zerubbabel (537) to rebuild temple

• Second return under Ezra (457 B.C.) to set up worship in temple

• Third return under Nehemiah (444 B.C.) to rebuild walls of Jerusalem

Esther in Brief

Book of Esther

1. Author/Complier: Mordecai?

2. Date: 483-473 B.C., covers the time of King Ahasuerus’ reign in Persia. The events of the book fit between Ezra 6 & 7.

3. The Drama of Esther

• Though Jews are in exile, away from Temple and presence of the Lord

• His covenant-love is still intact

Documents

Book of Deuteronomy