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THE REING OF CARLOS IV (1708-1808)
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808-1814)
THE REING OF FERNANDO VII (1814-1833)
THE REING OF ISABEL II (1833-1868)
THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENY (1868-1874)
THE BOURBON RESTORATION (1875- 1898)
TIMELINE
ABSOLUTISM
SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN
THE XVI, XVII AND XVIII CENTURY
FEATURES:
-- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
--ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY
-- ECONOMIC INTERVENTION.
LIBERALISM
PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE THAT
DEFENDS THE NATIONAL
SOVEREIGNTY, THE DIVISION OF POWERS,
THE EQUALITY OF PERSONS AND
ECONOMIC FREEDOM.
THE CRISIS OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
ANCIEN RÉGIME LIBERALISM
ROYAL SOVERAIGNTY NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY
ABSOLUT POWER
FEUDAL REGIME
ECONOMIC INTERVENTION
ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY
POWER DIVISSION
RATIONAL DIVISION
CLASS SOCIETY
MARKET ECONOMY
FREE COMPANIES
COMPETENCE
PRIVATE PROPERTYAMORTIZED PROPERTY
MONOPOLY
GUILDS
THE CRISIS OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
THE REIGN OF CHARLES IV (1788- 1808)
CHARLES IVM. LOUISE OF PARMA
FERDINAND VII FRANCISCO DE PAULA
FRANCISCO DE GOYA
CARLOS MARÍA ISIDRO
CARLOS IV CONTINUES WITH MODERATE REFORMS
1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION. END OF REFORM. HE GAVE THE POWER TO GODOY
1793: LOUIS XVI WAS GUILLOTINED. WAR OF THE CONVENTION.
SPAIN WAS DEFEATED BY FRANCE.
THE REIGN OF CHARLES IV (1788- 1808)
GODOY (PRINCE OF THE PEACE) SIGNED A TREATY WITH FRANCE.
TREATY OF SAN ILDEFONSO (1795) = SPAIN IS TIED TO FRANCE.
DISASTROUS ECONOMIC SITUATION: TRAFALGAR (1805) AND DISASTROUS SITUATION IN THE CROPS
THE REIGN OF CHARLES IV (1788- 1808)
THE ARANJUEZ RIOT 1807: FONTAINEBLEU TREATY : FRANCE CROSS INTO SPAIN TO CONQUER PORTUGAL.
CARLOS IV AND GODAY ARE BLAMED OF THE SITUATION. RUMORS OF REVOLT
THE PRINCE FERNANDO SUPPORTED BY A NOBILITY AND CLERGY ORGANIZED A RIOT
CARLOS IV ABDICATES IN HIS SON. FERNANDO VII “THE WANTED”
THE REIGN OF CHARLES IV (1788- 1808)
BAYONNE AGREEMENTS: CARLOS IV AND FERNANDO VII ABDICATED IN NAPOLEÓN.
NAPOLEONIC IMPERIAL POLICY: JOSEPH I (BROTHER) AS THE KING OF SPAIN.
ESTATUTE OF BAYONNE: END OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME
THE SPANISH POPULATION AGAINST JOSE BONAPARTE. ILLEGITIMATE AND FOREIGNER.
THE REIGN OF JOSEPH BONAPARTE (1808- 1814)
“LOS FUSILAMIENTOS DEL 3 DE MAYO”-- GOYA
FRENCH GENERAL MURAT REPRESSED THE UPRISING
MANY SPANISH CITIES ALSOREVOLTED
INDEPENDENCE WARBEGINS
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808- 1814)
DOUBLE POWER
FRENCHIFIED
-- INTELLECTUAL AND ILLUSTRATED
-- THEY SUPPORT THE ARMY INVADER
-- GOVERNED BY THE RULES OF THE STATUTE OF BAYONNE.
PATRIOTS
-- REMAINS OF SPANISH ARMY
-- THEY WANT FERNANDO VII BACK
-- POLITICALLY THEY FORM “JUNTAS”
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808- 1814)
LOCAL JUNTAS
CENTRAL SUPREMEJUNTA
( INFLUYENT PEOPLE FROM TOWNS)
(UNION PROVINCES FOR BETTER COORDINATION)
PROVINCIAL JUNTAS
(TWO MEMBERS FOR EACH PROVINCES). (DECLARE WAR AND SUMMON “CORTES”)
BECAUSE OF THE VACUUM POWER IN SPAIN, THE REBEL AREAS WERE ORGANISED INDEPENDENTLLY TO THE FRENCH KING JOSEPH I.
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808- 1814)
RESISTENCE IN SOME CITIES
ZARAGOZA, TORTOSAOR GERONA
FAIL TO ACCESS TO THE VALLEYOF EBRO AND THE EAST
FIRST IMPORTANT DEFEATS
BATTLE OF BRUC
BATTLE OF BAILÉN
THEY DIDN`T ACHIEVEBARCELONA AND ANDALUCIA
ENGLAND WONFRANCE IN SINTRA,CLOSE TO LISBON.
CONSEQUENCES
THE FRENCH ARMY HAS TO MOVE TO VITORIA(P.VASCO)
FIRST STAGE OR THE INITIAL SUCCESS (1808)
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808- 1814)
THE ENTRANCE OF NAPOLEON IN 1808 WITH 250,000 SOLDIERS WAS A TURNING POINT
THE FRENCH CONQUERED MOST OF THE PENINSULA
FRENCH VICTORIES INBURGOS, TUDELA AND OCAÑA
BRITISH WERE EXPELLED FROM CORUÑA (1809)
OCCUPY CATALUÑA AND LEVANTE (UNTIL VALENCIA) WITH THE SURRENDER OF ZARAGOZA.
OCCUPY MADRID. JOSEPH I IS BACK.
HOWEVER, THEY COULD NOT EXPELL BRITISH FROM PORTUGAL.
ANDALUCÍA: OCCUPATION OF CÓRDOBA, SEVILLA AND GRANADA. CADIZ RESISTS = CENTRAL JUNTA RESIGNS = CORTES ARE SUMMONED
CONCLUSION: NAPOLEON THINKS THE SPANISH PROBLEM IS SOLVED. BACK TO PARIS IN 1809.
SECOND STAGE OR THE FRENCH AT ITS PEAK (1808-1812)
WHAT ARE THE GUERRILLA?
MEMBERS: CITIZENS, OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS FLED, BANDITS, ADVENTURERS, ETCFIGHTING METHOD: KNOW THE LAND / POPULAR SUPPORT / AMBUSH / DEPROVISIONACHIEVEMENTS: UNDERMINE THE MORAL FRENCH AND NOT LET THEM MOVE.
EL EMPECINADO EL CURA MERINO ESPOZ Y MINA
ENGLAND SENT ADDITIONS IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTON TWO IMPORTANT FACTS THE GUERRILLA
SECOND STAGE OR THE FRENCH AT ITS PEAK (1808-1812)
NAPOLEON REMOVE MOST OF HIS TROOPS TO WAR IN RUSSIA
ANGLO-SPANISH TROOPS LAUNCH ANOFFENSIVE IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTON
VICTORIES IN THE PLATEAU, THE MOSTIMPORTANT IN ARAPILES NAPOLEON IS DEFEATED IN LEIPZIG
HE SHOULD REMOVE ITS TROOPS FROM SPAIN
VICTORIES IN VITORIA AND SAN MARCIAL
11TH DECEMBER 1813VALENÇAY TREATY
THIRD STAGE OR FINAL STAGE (1812-1814)
271 MEMBERSMOST OF THEM LIBERALS
TWO TRENDS
LIBERALS ABSOLUTISTS
IN FAVOUR OF ANCIENREGIME AND ABSOLUTISTMONARCHY
THEY WANTED TO FINISHWITH THE ANCIEN REGIME
COURTS OF CÁDIZ
THE CÁDIZ CORTES AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812
OTHER AMENDMENTS OR REFORMS TO THE DISPOSAL OF OLD REGIME
LEGAL EQUALITY OF THE SPANISH
ABOLITION OF THE COURT MANORS
ABOLITION OF THEINQUISITION
SUPRESSION OF THE GUILDS
END OF THE PRIVILEGES OF“LA MESTA”
SUPRESSION OF THE “MAYORAZGO”AND “DESAMORTIZACIONES”
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812
THE REING OF FERDINAND VII (1814-1833)
STAGES OF THE KINGDOM OF FERNANDO VII1814-1833
ABSOLUTIST SEXENY1814-1820
LIBERAL TRIENIUM1820-1823
OMINIUS DECADE1823-1833
BACKGROUND:
•11 December 1813: Sign of the Valençay Treaty•22 March 1814: Fernando VII returns.•12 April 1814: The absolutist gave to the king the “Manifiesto de los Persas”.•Real Decreto 4 de Mayo: Cancel the Constitution and the work of the Cortes of Cadiz and restore absolutism. The persecution of liberals begins.
FIRST ACTION REPRESSION TO LIBERALS
ABROAD CONTEXT
•DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON•RESTORATION•CONGRESS OF VIENA (1815)•HOLLY ALLIANCE
SECOND ACTION TO DELETE ALL THE WORK OFTHE COURTS OF CÁDIZ
THE ABSOLUTIST SEXENY (1814-1820)
• INESTABILITY IN THE GOVERNMENT• ECONOMIC CRISIS (BANKRUPT).• WAR IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES.• THE STATEMENTS (PRONUNCIAMIENTOS)
SERIOUSPROBLEMS
Comenzaba cuando ante el descontento popular un militar leía un manifiesto ante las tropas y se “pronunciaba”. El militar actuaba siempre en representación de un grupo político.Si tenia éxito se producía un cambio de gobierno, en caso contrario la represión podía dar lugar al fusilamiento o el exilio
LACY PORLIER
ESPOZ Y MINA
“PRONUNCIAMIENTOS” WERE MILITARY UPRISINGS SUPPORTED BY THE PEOPLE WHOSE GOAL WAS A CHANGE IN THE GOVERNMENT. IN THIS STAGE WERE MADE TO RESTORETHE PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812.
THE ABSOLUTIST SEXENY (1814-1820)
It begins with the uprising of Rafael Riego in Cabezas de
San Juan (Sevilla) on January 1, 1820.
THE LIBERAL TRIENIUM (1820-1823)
REFORM OF THE COURTS OF CADIZ WERE RESTORED
THE NATIONAL MILITIA WAS ESTABLISHED: IT WAS A POPULARVOLUNTEER ARMY WHOSE AIM WAS DEFENDING THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812 AND THE LIBERAL IDEAS.
THE LIBERAL TRIENIUM (1820-1823)
THE LIBERAL TRIENIUM (1820-1823)
THE HUNDRED THOUSAND SONS OF SAINT LOUIS INVADED SPAIN AND DEFEATED THE LIBERAL GOVERNMENT.
COLONEL RIEGO WAS EXECUTED
NEW REPRESSIVE PERIOD
THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833)
1. Resetting absolute monarchy institutions
2. Repression against the exalted liberals
MARIANA PINEDAGENERAL TORRIJOS
4.- Opposition to Fernando VII
- Absolutist: They dont want reforms. Malcontents and Carlists.- Liberals: Few and desorganized.
3.- Economicproblems
- Finance Bankruptcy. great Deficit- Tax Reform.
THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833)
Fernando VII dies in 1833 and leaves the throne to his daughter, Isabel II
Mª Cristina of Bourbon, Wife and regent
Before dying, Fernando VII overrides the Salic Law and enforces the Pragmatic Sanction of 1788.
Carlos rejects this decision
Carlos María Isidro Isabel II
LiberalismAbsolutism
DYNASTIC CONFLICT
FIRST CARLIST WAR(1833-39)
THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833)
POLITICAL CONFLICT
LEADER: CARLOS Mª ISIDRO
IDEOLOGY: ABSOLUTIST, RETURN TO ANCIEN RÉGIME AND FORALISM.
SOCIAL SUPPORT: RURAL PEASANTRY, SOME MILITARYLOW CLERGY, LOW NOBILITY AND CRAFTSMEN.
AREAS OF INFLUENCE: PAIS VASCO, NAVARRA, CATALUÑA AND MAESTRAZGO
CARLISTS
THE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)
LEADER: Mª CRISTINA AND HIS DAUGHTER ISABEL II
IDEOLOGY: LIBERAL AND MODERATE MONARCHY
SOCIAL SUPPORT: NOBILITY, HIGH CLERGY, HIGH MILITARY,BOURGEOISIE AND URBAN MIDDLE CLASS.
AREA OF INFLUENCE: REST OF SPAIN AND BIG CITIES.
ISABELINOSTHE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)
The Carlists organized armed bands (guerrillas) and were especially strong in Navarra and the Basque Country, but also extended their influence into the valley of the Ebro, Catalonia, Aragon and high areas of the Iberian System (Maestrazgo)
ARMIES AND AREAS OF INFLUENCE
The liberal army was far superior in number of men and weapons and his control of the territory was greater.
PHASES OF THE WAR
- Carlists groups vs. Regular army
- Violent war- Located in the North and
East
Until 1835- Carlists initiative- Zumalacarregui
1835 – 1837- Balance: Carlists
expeditions
1837-1840:- Liberal initiative.- Carlist division- Embrace of Vergara
THE WAR ENDS WITH PEACE AGREEMENT SEALED IN “THE EMBRACEOF VERGARA” BETWEEN MAROTO AND ESPARTERO.
THE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)
THE REING OF ISABEL II (1833-1868)
REING OF ISABEL II(1833-1868)
AGE OF MAJORITY(1843-1868)
REGENCIES(1833-1843) REGENCY OF
ESPARTERO(1840-1843)
REGENCY OF Mª CRISTINA
(1833-1840)
MODERATE DECADE
(1844-1854)
PROGRESIVE BIENNIUM
(1854-1856)
MODERATE AND UNIONIST GOVERNMENTS
(1856- 1868)
At the beginning of the Regency of Mª Cristina, she has to relyin liberals, which suffer an internal division between progressive and moderate. The Regent will support in ones or another’s by the time, but there was greater choice for moderate
THE REGENCY OF MARIA CRISTINA(1833-1840)
THE MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1833-1835)
CEA BERMÚDEZ MARTÍNEZ DE LA ROSA
REGIONAL DIVISION(Javier de Burgos)
ROYAL STATUTE OF 1834
STATUTE OF 1834-- NO CONSTITUTION-- NO RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS-- NO DIVISION OF POWERS-- RESTRICTED SUFFRAGE
STAT
UTE
REA
L 18
34
SOVEREIGNTY King
IDEOLOGY Charter (NO CONSTITUTION)
POWERS No division of powersLegislative: King+Cortes
(Bicameral: Proceres and Procuradores)
SUFFRAGE Censitary (very restricted)
RIGHTS No rights
THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)
THE DEMOLITION OF THE ANCIEN
REGIME
The dissolution of the feudal system
The decoupling of the properties
The confiscation of the properties of the regular clergy
Liberalization of the economy
J. A. Mendizábal
CON
STIT
UTI
ON
183
7SOVEREIGNTY National
IDEOLOGY Progressive
POWERS
EXECUTIVE King
LEGISLATIVECortes+King. Bicameral
Cortes (Senate and Congress)
JUDICIAL Tribunals
SUFFRAGE Census
RIGHTS Individual
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS No official religion. Mantain Catholic cult
SIGNIFICADO DE LA CONSTITUCION DE 1837 (PROGRESISTA):• Consolida el sistema liberal en España basado en la existencia de una Constitución y la
alternancia de dos partidos (moderado y progresista). Estuvo vigente hasta 1845.• Termino medio entre la Constitución 1812 (progres) y el Estatuto real 1834 (moderado)1. Progresista: Soberanía nacional, amplia declaración de derechos, división de poderes.2. Moderados: Bicameralismo, amplios poderes Corona, financiación de la Iglesia.Además de la Constitución de 1837 las Cortes aprobaron otras leyes: Ley de Imprenta (sin
censura) y Ley Electoral ( del 0,4% del Estatuto Real al 2,2% de votantes)
THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)
RULED IN AUTHORITARIAN WAY
LOST SUPPORT BETWEEN HIS FOLLOWERS
APPROVED THE TARIFF OF 1842
UPRISING OF BARCELONA IN 1842
THE MODERATES TAKE ADVANTAGE OFTHE SITUATION FOR CONSPIRACY AND
REMOVE HIS POWER. ISABEL II NOMINATEDSENIOR CITIZEN.
THE REGENCY OF ESPARTERO (1840-1843)
NARVÁEZ: “EL ESPADÓN DE LOJA”
THE MODERATE DECADE (1844-1854)
GOVERN SYSTEM
DISTORSION OF ELECTIONS AUTHORITARISM
REPRESSION CORRUPTION
“CAMARILLAS” NO PARLIAMENT
CON
STIT
UTI
ON
18
45SOVEREIGNTY Cortes+King
IDEOLOGY Moderate
POWERS
EXECUTIVE King
LEGISLATIVECortes+King. Bicameral
Cortes (Senate and Congress)
JUDICIAL Tribunals
SUFFRAGE Census
RIGHTS Individual. Similiar to 1837
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONSConfessional state
(catholicism official religion)
“Art. 7. No puede ser detenido, ni preso, ni separado de su domicilio ningún español, ni allanada su casa sino en los casos y en la forma que las leyes prescriban.(…)Art. 10. No se impondrá jamás la pena de confiscación de bienes, y ningún español será privado de su propiedad, sino por causa justificada de utilidad común, previa la correspondiente indemnización.Art. 11. La religión de la Nación española es la católica, apostólica, romana. El Estado se obliga a mantener el culto y sus ministros.Art. 12. La potestad de hacer las leyes reside en las Cortes con el Rey.Art. 13. Las Cortes se componen de dos Cuerpos Colegisladores, iguales en facultades: el Senado y el Congreso de los Diputados.(…)Art. 22. Para ser Diputado se requiere ser español, del estado seglar, haber cumplido veinticinco años, disfrutar la renta procedente de bienes raíces, o pagar por contribuciones directas la cantidad que por ley se prefijen(…)Art. 42. La persona del rey es sagrada e inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad”
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE CENTRALIZATION
REGIONAL ORGANIZATION
APPOINTMENT OF MAYORS
SHERIFF
National Militia replaced by:GUARDIA CIVIL
TAX REFORM: MÓN-SANTILLÁN LAW
TAXESDIRECTS: PROPERTY AND JOB
INDIRECTS: PRODUCTS
LEGAL- CREATING A PENAL CODE- PROJECT A CIVIL CODE
CONCORDATO WITH THE HOLY SEE IN 1851
FINISH OF THE CONFISCATION
STATE FUNDING
PREVAIL OF THE CATHOLIC RELIGION
EDUCATION- PIDAL LAW- MOYANO LAW
POLICY LEGISLATION ON PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1856(NON NATA)
NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY
ELECTIVE BICAMERAL
PARLIAMENT
INCREASED CENSUS
SUFFRAGE
LARGE FREEDOMS AND
RIGHTS
SEPARATION CHURCH-STATE
THE PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM (1854-1856)
CON
STIT
UTI
ON
18
69SOVEREIGNTY National
IDEOLOGY Progressive
POWERS
EXECUTIVE King
LEGISLATIVECortes+King. Bicameral
Cortes (Senate and Congress)
JUDICIAL Tribunals
SUFFRAGE Larger census
RIGHTS Large freedoms and rights
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS No official religion. Mantain catholic cult
ECONOMIC POLICY ON PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM
CONFISCATION OF MADOZ
IT AFFECTED THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND MUNICIPAL GOODS.
GREAT BENEFIT: BOURGEOISIE
MADOZ
OBJECTIVES: DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE COUNTRY AND RAILWAY.
RURAL CONFLCIT
- BAD HARVEST
- INCREASE THE PRICES
LABOR CONFLICT
- SOCIAL IMPROVEMENTS
- WORK IMPROVEMENTS
PEASANT UPRISINGS FIRST STRIKES
CRISIS IN THE GOVERNMENT COALITION– RESIGNATION OF ESPARTERO
THE QUEEN CALLED LEOPOLDO O`DONELL TO FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT
THE CRISIS OF THE PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM
“LA UNIÓN LIBERAL” (1856-63) OF O,DONNELL
• Political Stability. Economic Prosperity
• Active abroad policy: Conchinchina, Mexico, Santo Domingo, Pacific and Morocco.
MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1863-68) OF NARVÁEZ
Narváez came back with repressive and authoritarian governments.
Marginalization of progressive and democrats.
Final Crisis: 1. San Daniel`s night (1865).2. Uprising sergeants in the San Gil`s Headquarter (1866)3. Economic Crisis from 1866 and the Ostende´s Pact
O´DONNELL NARVÁEZ
MODERATE AND UNIONIST GOVERNMENTS (1854-1856)
REASONS
ECONOMIC SOCIAL POLITICAL
- 1866: 1ª CAPITALIST CRISIS
- FINANCIAL CRISIS: RAILWAY
- INDUSTRIAL CRISIS: TEXTILE
- FOOD CRISIS
- “IMPUESTO DE CONSUMOS”
- “SISTEMA DE QUINTAS”
- RESISTENCE OF THE POWER OF THE QUEEN.- AUTHORITARISM ANDREPRESSION OF THEMODERATES- MILITARY UPRISINGS- OSTENDE`S PACT
REVOLUTION OF 1868
TOPETE, PRIM AND SERRANO
“VIVA ESPAÑA CON HONRA”
ALCOLEA`S BATTLE (CÓRDOBA)
REVOLUTIONARY “JUNTAS”
PRIVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
1.- la consagración del sufragio universal y libre (…)2.- la libertad absoluta de imprenta (…)3.- La consagración práctica e inmediata de todas las demás libertades, la de enseñanza, la de cultos, la de tráfico e industria, etc,4.- La abolición de la pena de muerte (…)5.- La seguridad individual eficazmente garantizada, así como la absoluta Inviolabilidad del domicilio y de la correspondencia.6.- La abolición de la constitución bastarda que nos venía rigiendo (…)7.- Igualdad en la repartición de las cargas públicas (…)11.- Cortes constituyentes por sufragio universal directo, para que decreten una Constitución en armonía con las necesidades de la época.
¡¡¡VIVA LA LIBERTAD!!!¡¡¡ DEBAJO DE LA DINASTÍA!!!
¡¡¡ VIVA LA SOBERNÍA NACIONAL!!!
Proclama de las Juntas revolucionarias, 1868.
REVOLUTION OF 1868
Isabella II’s private life was also scandalous.
The nun “Sor Patrocinio” had a great influence in the Queen
Francisco de Asís of Bourbon, Isabella II’s husband, was accused of being homosexual.
“Gran problema es en las CortesAveriguar si el consorteCuando acude al excusadoMea de pie o mea sentado”
Isabella II had several lovers like general Serrano or O’Donnell. Popular drawings laughing at her private life were common in Spain
UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGEMORE FREEDOMS (PRESS, RELIGION, ASSOCIATIONAND MEETING ASSEMBLY)ELECTIONS TO CONSTITUENT PARLIAMENT
FIRST ACTIONS
CONSTITUENT PARLIAMENTJUAN PRIM, PRIME MINISTER
SERRANO, REGENT
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT (1869)
CON
STIT
UTI
ON
18
69SOVEREIGNTY National
IDEOLOGY Progressive
POWERS
EXECUTIVE King (Ministers)
LEGISLATIVE Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)
JUDICIAL Tribunals
SUFFRAGE Universal male
RIGHTS Large freedoms and rights
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS
No official religion. Mantain catholic cult
WITHOUT SOCIAL ANDPOLITICAL SUPPORT
FOREIGN KING
MODERATES, CARLISTS,
REPUBLICANS AND CHURCH OPPOSITION
3RD CARLIST
WAR
UPRISINGS IN CUBA
THE ARMY AND ECONOMIC ELITES DIDN´TSUPPORT HIM
“ESTE PAÍS ES UNA JAULA DE GRILLOS”
PROBLEMS IN THE REING OF AMADAO I
ON 11TH FEBRUARY 1873 THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED
PROBLEMS
TREASURY IN CRISIS THIRD CARLIST WAR WAR IN CUBA DISTRUST ARMY AGRICULTURAL , INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR PROBLEMS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT WITHOUT POLITICAL SUPPORT
THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC (1873-1874)
FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC LASTED FOR ONE YEAR AND HAD FOUR PRESIDENTS
FIGUERAS: “Señores estoy hasta los cojonesde todos nosotros”. DURÓ DEL 12 DE FEBRERO AL11 DE JUNIO.
PI I MARGALL: “"Han sido tantas mis amarguras en el poder, que no puedo codiciarlo. He perdido en el gobierno mi tranquilidad, mi reposo, mis ilusiones, mi confianza en los hombres, que constituía el fondo de mi carácter” DURÓ DEL 11 DE JUNIO AL 18 DE JULIO.
SALMERÓN: "Abandonó el poder por no firmar una sentencia de muerte.“ DURÓ DEL 18 DE JULIO AL 7 DESEPTIEMBRE.
CASTELAR: "Para sostener esta forma de gobierno necesito mucha infantería, mucha caballería, mucha artillería, mucha Guardia civil y muchos carabineros".DURÓ DEL 7 DE SEPTIEMBRE AL 3 DE ENERO DE 1874.
THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION OF 1873
17 STATES ECONOMIC, ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL AUTONOMY
THRD CARLIST WAR
TOOK IMPORTANCE DUE TO HIS SUITOR CARLOS VII WAR IN CUBA
IT BEGAN IN 1868 AND ITS IMPOSSIBLE TO WIN
PROBLEMS OF THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
THE CANTONALISM PROBLEM
PROBLEMS OF THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
Cantonalism is an insurrectionary movement which aims to divide the nation state into almost inde-pendent cantons.It is in favor of federalism with a radical character (including redis-tribution of wealth, improvement of the working classes etc.), its goal is to establish a confederation of towns or cities (cantons) as a federation of independent units. It resembles in some ways to the Greek polis.
PAVÍA GIVES A COUP AND SERRANO TOOK THE POWER
THE DICTATORSHIP OF SERRANO
MARTÍNEZ CAMPOS GAVE ANOTHER COUP.END OF THE REPUBLIC
RESTORATION BEGINS.KING: ALFONSO XII
THE END OF THE REPUBLIC: REPUBLIC OF SERRANO
CON
STIT
UTI
ON
18
76SOVEREIGNTY Cortes+King
IDEOLOGY Conservative
POWERS
EXECUTIVE King (Ministers)
LEGISLATIVE Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)+King
JUDICIAL Tribunals
SUFFRAGE Censitary (Universal male from 1890)
RIGHTSFundamental rights and
freedom (can be restricted)
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS Catholicism official religion.
“CANOVIST SYSTEM” = BIPARTISAN SYSTEM
“dinastic parties”
CONSERVATIVE PARTY LIBERAL PARTY
Leader: Cánovas del CastilloIdeology: census suffrage, Catholic Church and social order
Leader: P.M. SagastaIdeology: universal male suffrage, social reforms and less power to the Church.
Ship “Maine” entering in La Havana
THE CRISIS OF 1898 : THE LOSS OF THE LAST COLONIES
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN CUBA WAR AND SUPPORT OF USA IN 1898
SPAIN LOST CUBA, PUERTO RICO AND THE PHILIPPINES
SENSE OF FRUSTRATIONAND PESSIMISM
REGENERATIONIST MOVEMENT
Critique of Spanish situation:Looking for political, economic,
Social and cultural changes.
JOAQUÍN COSTA
THE RISE OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS
CENTRALISED STATE
ROMANTICISM
NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS AS A REACTION IN SOME REGIONS
CATALONIA : RENAIXENÇA MOVEMENT
REVIVING CATALAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
UNIÓ CATALANISTA = DEMAND AUTONOMYAND LLIGA REGIONALISTA
BASQUE COUNTRY : FUEROS REVOKED AFTER THE THIRD CARLIST WAR (1876)
SABINO ARANA = FATHER OF BASQUE NATIONALISM
1894 = PNV (NATIONALIST BASQUE PARTY)
CODIFICATION OF BASQUE LANGUAGE AND CREATION OF SYMBOLS (EUSKADI, IKURRIÑA, ANTHEM…
GALICIA : REXURDIMENTO
MAINLY CULTURAL = REVIVING OF GALICIAN LANGUAGE
Adios, ríos; adios, fontes;adios, regatos pequenos; odios, vista dos meus ollos: non sei cando nos veremos.
Miña terra, miña terra,terra donde me eu criei,hortiña que quero tanto,figueiriñas que prantei,
ROSALÍA DE CASTRO
CUADRO DE LAS CONSTITUCIONES ESPAÑOLAS DEL SIGLO XIXCONSTITUCIÓNDE 1812
CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1837
CONSTITUCIÓNDE 1845
CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1869
FORMA DE ESTADO MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA
MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA
MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA
MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA
SOBERANÍA NACIONAL NACIONAL COMPARTIDA ENTRE EL REY LAS CORTES
NACIONAL
DIVISIÓN DE PODERES EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y
REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES)
EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y
REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES
EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y
REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES
EJECUTIVO(REY Y MINISTROS)
LEGISLATIVO( CORTES)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES
CORTES UNICAMERALES VOTADAS POR EL PUEBLO
BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO POR
EL REY
BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO POR
EL REY
BICAMERALES ELEGIDAS POR LOS CIUDADANOS
SUFRAGIO UNIVERSAL MASCULINO INDIRECTO
CENSITARIO CENSITARIO MUY REDUCIDO
UNIVERSAL MASCULINO
RELACIÓNIGLESIA/ESTADO
CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ESTADO.
ACONFESIONALIDAD DEL ESTADO
CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ESTADO.
RELIGIÓN CATÓLICA OFICIAL, PERO SE
PERMITÍAN LAS DEMÁS
DERECHOS YLIBERTADES
AMPLIA DECLARACIÓN LIBERTAD DE PRENSA, ASOCIACIÓN Y OPINIÓN
NO HABÍA AMPLIA DECLARACIÓN