Spain in the 19th century

SPAIN IN THE 19th CENTURY

PEDRO FLORES. 4º ESO

THE REING OF CARLOS IV (1788-1808)

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808-1814)

THE REING OF FERNANDO VII (1814-1833)

THE REING OF ISABEL II (1833-1868)

THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENY (1868-1874)

THE BOURBON RESTORATION (1875- 1898)

TIMELINE

THE SPANISH EMPIRE

ABSOLUTISM

SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN

THE XVI, XVII AND XVIII CENTURY

FEATURES:

-- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

--ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY

-- ECONOMIC INTERVENTION.

LIBERALISM

PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE THAT

DEFENDS THE NATIONAL

SOVEREIGNTY, THE DIVISION OF POWERS,

THE EQUALITY OF PERSONS AND

ECONOMIC FREEDOM.

THE CRISIS OF THE ANCIEN REGIME

ANCIEN RÉGIME LIBERALISM

ROYAL SOVERAIGNTY NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY

ABSOLUT POWER

FEUDAL REGIME

ECONOMIC INTERVENTION

ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY

POWER DIVISSION

RATIONAL DIVISION

CLASS SOCIETY

MARKET ECONOMY

FREE COMPANIES

COMPETENCE

PRIVATE PROPERTYAMORTIZED PROPERTY

MONOPOLY

GUILDS

THE CRISIS OF THE ANCIEN REGIME

THE REIGN OF CHARLES IV (1788- 1808)

CHARLES IVM. LOUISE OF PARMA

FERDINAND VII FRANCISCO DE PAULA

FRANCISCO DE GOYA

CARLOS MARÍA ISIDRO

CARLOS IV CONTINUES WITH MODERATE REFORMS

1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION. END OF REFORM. HE GAVE THE POWER TO GODOY

1793: LOUIS XVI WAS GUILLOTINED. WAR OF THE CONVENTION.

SPAIN WAS DEFEATED BY FRANCE.


GODOY (PRINCE OF THE PEACE) SIGNED A TREATY WITH FRANCE.

TREATY OF SAN ILDEFONSO (1795) = SPAIN IS TIED TO FRANCE.

DISASTROUS ECONOMIC SITUATION: TRAFALGAR (1805) AND DISASTROUS SITUATION IN THE CROPS


THE ARANJUEZ RIOT 1807: FONTAINEBLEU TREATY : FRANCE CROSS INTO SPAIN TO CONQUER PORTUGAL.

CARLOS IV AND GODAY ARE BLAMED OF THE SITUATION. RUMORS OF REVOLT

THE PRINCE FERNANDO SUPPORTED BY A NOBILITY AND CLERGY ORGANIZED A RIOT

CARLOS IV ABDICATES IN HIS SON. FERNANDO VII “THE WANTED”


BAYONNE AGREEMENTS: CARLOS IV AND FERNANDO VII ABDICATED IN NAPOLEÓN.

NAPOLEONIC IMPERIAL POLICY: JOSEPH I (BROTHER) AS THE KING OF SPAIN.

ESTATUTE OF BAYONNE: END OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME

THE SPANISH POPULATION AGAINST JOSE BONAPARTE. ILLEGITIMATE AND FOREIGNER.

THE REIGN OF JOSEPH BONAPARTE (1808- 1814)

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808- 1814)

LA CARGA DE LOS MAMELUCOS-- GOYA


“LOS FUSILAMIENTOS DEL 3 DE MAYO”-- GOYA

FRENCH GENERAL MURAT REPRESSED THE UPRISING

MANY SPANISH CITIES ALSOREVOLTED

INDEPENDENCE WARBEGINS


DOUBLE POWER

FRENCHIFIED

-- INTELLECTUAL AND ILLUSTRATED

-- THEY SUPPORT THE ARMY INVADER

-- GOVERNED BY THE RULES OF THE STATUTE OF BAYONNE.

PATRIOTS

-- REMAINS OF SPANISH ARMY

-- THEY WANT FERNANDO VII BACK

-- POLITICALLY THEY FORM “JUNTAS”


LOCAL JUNTAS

CENTRAL SUPREMEJUNTA

( INFLUYENT PEOPLE FROM TOWNS)

(UNION PROVINCES FOR BETTER COORDINATION)

PROVINCIAL JUNTAS

(TWO MEMBERS FOR EACH PROVINCES). (DECLARE WAR AND SUMMON “CORTES”)

BECAUSE OF THE VACUUM POWER IN SPAIN, THE REBEL AREAS WERE ORGANISED INDEPENDENTLLY TO THE FRENCH KING JOSEPH I.


RESISTENCE IN SOME CITIES

ZARAGOZA, TORTOSAOR GERONA

FAIL TO ACCESS TO THE VALLEYOF EBRO AND THE EAST

FIRST IMPORTANT DEFEATS

BATTLE OF BRUC

BATTLE OF BAILÉN

THEY DIDN`T ACHIEVEBARCELONA AND ANDALUCIA

ENGLAND WONFRANCE IN SINTRA,CLOSE TO LISBON.

CONSEQUENCES

THE FRENCH ARMY HAS TO MOVE TO VITORIA(P.VASCO)

FIRST STAGE OR THE INITIAL SUCCESS (1808)



THE BATTLE OF BAILEN (July1808)


THE SIEGE OF ZARAGOZA


THE ENTRANCE OF NAPOLEON IN 1808 WITH 250,000 SOLDIERS WAS A TURNING POINT

THE FRENCH CONQUERED MOST OF THE PENINSULA

FRENCH VICTORIES INBURGOS, TUDELA AND OCAÑA

BRITISH WERE EXPELLED FROM CORUÑA (1809)

OCCUPY CATALUÑA AND LEVANTE (UNTIL VALENCIA) WITH THE SURRENDER OF ZARAGOZA.

OCCUPY MADRID. JOSEPH I IS BACK.

HOWEVER, THEY COULD NOT EXPELL BRITISH FROM PORTUGAL.

ANDALUCÍA: OCCUPATION OF CÓRDOBA, SEVILLA AND GRANADA. CADIZ RESISTS = CENTRAL JUNTA RESIGNS = CORTES ARE SUMMONED

CONCLUSION: NAPOLEON THINKS THE SPANISH PROBLEM IS SOLVED. BACK TO PARIS IN 1809.

SECOND STAGE OR THE FRENCH AT ITS PEAK (1808-1812)


WHAT ARE THE GUERRILLA?

MEMBERS: CITIZENS, OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS FLED, BANDITS, ADVENTURERS, ETCFIGHTING METHOD: KNOW THE LAND / POPULAR SUPPORT / AMBUSH / DEPROVISIONACHIEVEMENTS: UNDERMINE THE MORAL FRENCH AND NOT LET THEM MOVE.

EL EMPECINADO EL CURA MERINO ESPOZ Y MINA

ENGLAND SENT ADDITIONS IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTON TWO IMPORTANT FACTS THE GUERRILLA


THE GUERRILLA IS THE POPULAR EXPRESSION OF THE WAR

NAPOLEON REMOVE MOST OF HIS TROOPS TO WAR IN RUSSIA

ANGLO-SPANISH TROOPS LAUNCH ANOFFENSIVE IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTON

VICTORIES IN THE PLATEAU, THE MOSTIMPORTANT IN ARAPILES NAPOLEON IS DEFEATED IN LEIPZIG

HE SHOULD REMOVE ITS TROOPS FROM SPAIN

VICTORIES IN VITORIA AND SAN MARCIAL

11TH DECEMBER 1813VALENÇAY TREATY

THIRD STAGE OR FINAL STAGE (1812-1814)

271 MEMBERSMOST OF THEM LIBERALS

TWO TRENDS

LIBERALS ABSOLUTISTS

IN FAVOUR OF ANCIENREGIME AND ABSOLUTISTMONARCHY

THEY WANTED TO FINISHWITH THE ANCIEN REGIME

COURTS OF CÁDIZ

THE CÁDIZ CORTES AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812

THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812

BASIC PRINCIPLES

ENACTED ON 19TH MARCH 1812: “LA PEPA”THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812

OTHER AMENDMENTS OR REFORMS TO THE DISPOSAL OF OLD REGIME

LEGAL EQUALITY OF THE SPANISH

ABOLITION OF THE COURT MANORS

ABOLITION OF THEINQUISITION

SUPRESSION OF THE GUILDS

END OF THE PRIVILEGES OF“LA MESTA”

SUPRESSION OF THE “MAYORAZGO”AND “DESAMORTIZACIONES”

THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812

THE REING OF FERDINAND VII (1814-1833)

THE REING OF FERDINAND VII (1814-1833)

STAGES OF THE KINGDOM OF FERNANDO VII1814-1833

ABSOLUTIST SEXENY1814-1820

LIBERAL TRIENIUM1820-1823

OMINIUS DECADE1823-1833

BACKGROUND:

•11 December 1813: Sign of the Valençay Treaty•22 March 1814: Fernando VII returns.•12 April 1814: The absolutist gave to the king the “Manifiesto de los Persas”.•Real Decreto 4 de Mayo: Cancel the Constitution and the work of the Cortes of Cadiz and restore absolutism. The persecution of liberals begins.

FIRST ACTION REPRESSION TO LIBERALS

ABROAD CONTEXT

•DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON•RESTORATION•CONGRESS OF VIENA (1815)•HOLLY ALLIANCE

SECOND ACTION TO DELETE ALL THE WORK OFTHE COURTS OF CÁDIZ

THE ABSOLUTIST SEXENY (1814-1820)

• INESTABILITY IN THE GOVERNMENT• ECONOMIC CRISIS (BANKRUPT).• WAR IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES.• THE STATEMENTS (PRONUNCIAMIENTOS)

SERIOUSPROBLEMS

Comenzaba cuando ante el descontento popular un militar leía un manifiesto ante las tropas y se “pronunciaba”. El militar actuaba siempre en representación de un grupo político.Si tenia éxito se producía un cambio de gobierno, en caso contrario la represión podía dar lugar al fusilamiento o el exilio

LACY PORLIER

ESPOZ Y MINA

“PRONUNCIAMIENTOS” WERE MILITARY UPRISINGS SUPPORTED BY THE PEOPLE WHOSE GOAL WAS A CHANGE IN THE GOVERNMENT. IN THIS STAGE WERE MADE TO RESTORETHE PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812.

THE ABSOLUTIST SEXENY (1814-1820)

It begins with the uprising of Rafael Riego in Cabezas de

San Juan (Sevilla) on January 1, 1820.

THE LIBERAL TRIENIUM (1820-1823)


REFORM OF THE COURTS OF CADIZ WERE RESTORED

THE NATIONAL MILITIA WAS ESTABLISHED: IT WAS A POPULARVOLUNTEER ARMY WHOSE AIM WAS DEFENDING THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812 AND THE LIBERAL IDEAS.




THE HUNDRED THOUSAND SONS OF SAINT LOUIS INVADED SPAIN AND DEFEATED THE LIBERAL GOVERNMENT.

COLONEL RIEGO WAS EXECUTED

NEW REPRESSIVE PERIOD

THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833)

1. Resetting absolute monarchy institutions

2. Repression against the exalted liberals

MARIANA PINEDAGENERAL TORRIJOS

4.- Opposition to Fernando VII

- Absolutist: They dont want reforms. Malcontents and Carlists.- Liberals: Few and desorganized.

3.- Economicproblems

- Finance Bankruptcy. great Deficit- Tax Reform.


Fernando VII dies in 1833 and leaves the throne to his daughter, Isabel II

Mª Cristina of Bourbon, Wife and regent

Before dying, Fernando VII overrides the Salic Law and enforces the Pragmatic Sanction of 1788.

Carlos rejects this decision

Carlos María Isidro Isabel II

LiberalismAbsolutism

DYNASTIC CONFLICT

FIRST CARLIST WAR(1833-39)


POLITICAL CONFLICT



LEADER: CARLOS Mª ISIDRO

IDEOLOGY: ABSOLUTIST, RETURN TO ANCIEN RÉGIME AND FORALISM.

SOCIAL SUPPORT: RURAL PEASANTRY, SOME MILITARYLOW CLERGY, LOW NOBILITY AND CRAFTSMEN.

AREAS OF INFLUENCE: PAIS VASCO, NAVARRA, CATALUÑA AND MAESTRAZGO

CARLISTS

THE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)

LEADER: Mª CRISTINA AND HIS DAUGHTER ISABEL II

IDEOLOGY: LIBERAL AND MODERATE MONARCHY

SOCIAL SUPPORT: NOBILITY, HIGH CLERGY, HIGH MILITARY,BOURGEOISIE AND URBAN MIDDLE CLASS.

AREA OF INFLUENCE: REST OF SPAIN AND BIG CITIES.

ISABELINOSTHE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)

The Carlists organized armed bands (guerrillas) and were especially strong in Navarra and the Basque Country, but also extended their influence into the valley of the Ebro, Catalonia, Aragon and high areas of the Iberian System (Maestrazgo)

ARMIES AND AREAS OF INFLUENCE

The liberal army was far superior in number of men and weapons and his control of the territory was greater.

ZUMALACÁRREGUI

THE CARLISTS LEADERS

CARLOS Mª ISIDRO

MAROTO

PHASES OF THE WAR

- Carlists groups vs. Regular army

- Violent war- Located in the North and

East

Until 1835- Carlists initiative- Zumalacarregui

1835 – 1837- Balance: Carlists

expeditions

1837-1840:- Liberal initiative.- Carlist division- Embrace of Vergara

THE WAR ENDS WITH PEACE AGREEMENT SEALED IN “THE EMBRACEOF VERGARA” BETWEEN MAROTO AND ESPARTERO.

THE FIRST CARLIST WAR (1833-1840)


REING OF ISABEL II(1833-1868)

AGE OF MAJORITY(1843-1868)

REGENCIES(1833-1843) REGENCY OF

ESPARTERO(1840-1843)

REGENCY OF Mª CRISTINA

(1833-1840)

MODERATE DECADE

(1844-1854)

PROGRESIVE BIENNIUM

(1854-1856)

MODERATE AND UNIONIST GOVERNMENTS

(1856- 1868)

THE PERIOD OF REGENCY (1833-1843)

At the beginning of the Regency of Mª Cristina, she has to relyin liberals, which suffer an internal division between progressive and moderate. The Regent will support in ones or another’s by the time, but there was greater choice for moderate

THE REGENCY OF MARIA CRISTINA(1833-1840)

THE MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1833-1835)

CEA BERMÚDEZ MARTÍNEZ DE LA ROSA

REGIONAL DIVISION(Javier de Burgos)

ROYAL STATUTE OF 1834

STATUTE OF 1834-- NO CONSTITUTION-- NO RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS-- NO DIVISION OF POWERS-- RESTRICTED SUFFRAGE

STATUTE REAL 1834

SOVEREIGNTY

King

IDEOLOGY

Charter (NO CONSTITUTION)

POWERS

No division of powers

Legislative: King+Cortes (Bicameral: Proceres and Procuradores)

SUFFRAGE

Censitary (very restricted)

RIGHTS

No rights

THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)

THE DEMOLITION OF THE ANCIEN REGIME

The dissolution of the feudal system

The decoupling of the properties

The confiscation of the properties of the regular clergy

Liberalization of the economy

J. A. Mendizábal

CONSTITUTION 1837

SOVEREIGNTY

National

IDEOLOGY

Progressive

POWERS

EXECUTIVE

King

LEGISLATIVE

Cortes+King. Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)

JUDICIAL

Tribunals

SUFFRAGE

Census

RIGHTS

Individual

CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS

No official religion. Mantain Catholic cult

SIGNIFICADO DE LA CONSTITUCION DE 1837 (PROGRESISTA):• Consolida el sistema liberal en España basado en la existencia de una Constitución y la

alternancia de dos partidos (moderado y progresista). Estuvo vigente hasta 1845.• Termino medio entre la Constitución 1812 (progres) y el Estatuto real 1834 (moderado)1. Progresista: Soberanía nacional, amplia declaración de derechos, división de poderes.2. Moderados: Bicameralismo, amplios poderes Corona, financiación de la Iglesia.Además de la Constitución de 1837 las Cortes aprobaron otras leyes: Ley de Imprenta (sin

censura) y Ley Electoral ( del 0,4% del Estatuto Real al 2,2% de votantes)

THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)

RULED IN AUTHORITARIAN WAY

LOST SUPPORT BETWEEN HIS FOLLOWERS

APPROVED THE TARIFF OF 1842

UPRISING OF BARCELONA IN 1842

THE MODERATES TAKE ADVANTAGE OFTHE SITUATION FOR CONSPIRACY AND

REMOVE HIS POWER. ISABEL II NOMINATEDSENIOR CITIZEN.

THE REGENCY OF ESPARTERO (1840-1843)

THE COMING OF AGE OF ISABEL II (1843-1868)

Isabella II on being declared of age at 13 years old in 1843.

NARVÁEZ: “EL ESPADÓN DE LOJA”

THE MODERATE DECADE (1844-1854)

GOVERN SYSTEM

DISTORSION OF ELECTIONS AUTHORITARISM

REPRESSION CORRUPTION

“CAMARILLAS” NO PARLIAMENT

CONSTITUTION 1845

SOVEREIGNTY

Cortes+King

IDEOLOGY

Moderate

POWERS

EXECUTIVE

King

LEGISLATIVE

Cortes+King. Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)

JUDICIAL

Tribunals

SUFFRAGE

Census

RIGHTS

Individual. Similiar to 1837


Confessional state (catholicism official religion)

“Art. 7. No puede ser detenido, ni preso, ni separado de su domicilio ningún español, ni allanada su casa sino en los casos y en la forma que las leyes prescriban.(…)Art. 10. No se impondrá jamás la pena de confiscación de bienes, y ningún español será privado de su propiedad, sino por causa justificada de utilidad común, previa la correspondiente indemnización.Art. 11. La religión de la Nación española es la católica, apostólica, romana. El Estado se obliga a mantener el culto y sus ministros.Art. 12. La potestad de hacer las leyes reside en las Cortes con el Rey.Art. 13. Las Cortes se componen de dos Cuerpos Colegisladores, iguales en facultades: el Senado y el Congreso de los Diputados.(…)Art. 22. Para ser Diputado se requiere ser español, del estado seglar, haber cumplido veinticinco años, disfrutar la renta procedente de bienes raíces, o pagar por contribuciones directas la cantidad que por ley se prefijen(…)Art. 42. La persona del rey es sagrada e inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad”

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE CENTRALIZATION

REGIONAL ORGANIZATION

APPOINTMENT OF MAYORS

SHERIFF

National Militia replaced by:GUARDIA CIVIL

TAX REFORM: MÓN-SANTILLÁN LAW

TAXESDIRECTS: PROPERTY AND JOB

INDIRECTS: PRODUCTS

LEGAL- CREATING A PENAL CODE- PROJECT A CIVIL CODE

CONCORDAT WITH THE HOLY SEE IN 1851

FINISH OF THE CONFISCATION

STATE FUNDING

PREVAIL OF THE CATHOLIC RELIGION

EDUCATION- PIDAL LAW- MOYANO LAW

THE END OF THE MODERATE PERIOD

“LA VICALVARADA”

O´DONNELL

ESPARTERO

POLICY LEGISLATION ON PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUMTHE CONSTITUTION OF 1856(NON NATA)

NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY

ELECTIVE BICAMERAL

PARLIAMENT

INCREASED CENSUS

SUFFRAGE

LARGE FREEDOMS

AND RIGHTS

SEPARATION CHURCH-

STATE

THE PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM (1854-1856)

ECONOMIC POLICY ON PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM

CONFISCATION OF MADOZ

IT AFFECTED THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND MUNICIPAL GOODS.

GREAT BENEFIT: BOURGEOISIE

MADOZ

OBJECTIVES: DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE COUNTRY AND RAILWAY.

RURAL CONFLCIT

- BAD HARVEST

- INCREASE THE PRICES

LABOR CONFLICT

- SOCIAL IMPROVEMENTS

- WORK IMPROVEMENTS

PEASANT UPRISINGS FIRST STRIKES

CRISIS IN THE GOVERNMENT COALITION– RESIGNATION OF ESPARTERO

THE QUEEN CALLED LEOPOLDO O`DONELL TO FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT

THE CRISIS OF THE PROGRESSIVE BIENNIUM

“LA UNIÓN LIBERAL” (1856-63) OF O´DONNELL

• Political Stability. Economic Prosperity

• Active abroad policy: Conchinchina, Mexico, Santo Domingo, Pacific and Morocco.

MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1863-68) OF NARVÁEZ

Narváez came back with repressive and authoritarian governments.

Marginalization of progressive and democrats.

Final Crisis: 1. San Daniel`s night (1865).2. Uprising sergeants in the San Gil`s Headquarter (1866)3. Economic Crisis from 1866 and the Ostend´s Pact

O´DONNELL NARVÁEZ

MODERATE AND UNIONIST GOVERNMENTS (1856-1868)

THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENY (1868-1874)

REASONS

ECONOMIC SOCIAL POLITICAL

- 1866: 1ª CAPITALIST CRISIS

- FINANCIAL CRISIS: RAILWAY

- INDUSTRIAL CRISIS: TEXTILE

- FOOD CRISIS

- “IMPUESTO DE CONSUMOS”

- “SISTEMA DE QUINTAS”

- RESISTENCE OF THE POWER OF THE QUEEN.- AUTHORITARISM ANDREPRESSION OF THEMODERATES- MILITARY UPRISINGS- OSTEND`S PACT

REVOLUTION OF 1868

TOPETE, PRIM AND SERRANO

“VIVA ESPAÑA CON HONRA”

ALCOLEA`S BATTLE (CÓRDOBA)

REVOLUTIONARY “JUNTAS”

PRIVISIONAL GOVERNMENT

1.- la consagración del sufragio universal y libre (…)2.- la libertad absoluta de imprenta (…)3.- La consagración práctica e inmediata de todas las demás libertades, la de enseñanza, la de cultos, la de tráfico e industria, etc,4.- La abolición de la pena de muerte (…)5.- La seguridad individual eficazmente garantizada, así como la absoluta Inviolabilidad del domicilio y de la correspondencia.6.- La abolición de la constitución bastarda que nos venía rigiendo (…)7.- Igualdad en la repartición de las cargas públicas (…)11.- Cortes constituyentes por sufragio universal directo, para que decreten una Constitución en armonía con las necesidades de la época.

¡¡¡VIVA LA LIBERTAD!!!¡¡¡ DEBAJO DE LA DINASTÍA!!!

¡¡¡ VIVA LA SOBERNÍA NACIONAL!!!

Proclama de las Juntas revolucionarias, 1868.

REVOLUTION OF 1868

Isabella II’s private life was also scandalous.

The nun “Sor Patrocinio” had a great influence in the Queen

Francisco de Asís of Bourbon, Isabella II’s husband, was accused of being homosexual.

“Gran problema es en las CortesAveriguar si el consorteCuando acude al excusadoMea de pie o mea sentado”

Isabella II had several lovers like general Serrano or O’Donnell. Popular drawings laughing at her private life were common in Spain (Los Borbones en pelotas)

The moderates were against the Revolution

UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGEMORE FREEDOMS (PRESS, RELIGION, ASSOCIATIONAND MEETING ASSEMBLY)ELECTIONS TO CONSTITUENT PARLIAMENT

FIRST ACTIONS

CONSTITUENT PARLIAMENTJUAN PRIM, PRIME MINISTER

SERRANO, REGENT

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT (1869)

CONSTITUTION 1869

SOVEREIGNTY

National

IDEOLOGY

Progressive

POWERS

EXECUTIVE

King (Ministers)

LEGISLATIVE

Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)

JUDICIAL

Tribunals

SUFFRAGE

Universal male

RIGHTS

Large freedoms and rights


No official religion. Mantain catholic cult

ELECTIONS FOR A KINGAMADEO I

NEW KING OF SPAIN

THE REING OF AMADEO I OF SAVOY (1870-1873)

ELECTIONS FOR A KING

THE MURDER OF JUAN PRIM

WITHOUT SOCIAL ANDPOLITICAL SUPPORT

FOREIGN KING

MODERATES, CARLISTS,

REPUBLICANS AND CHURCH OPPOSITION

3RD CARLIST

WAR

UPRISINGS IN CUBA

THE ARMY AND ECONOMIC ELITES DIDN´TSUPPORT HIM

“ESTE PAÍS ES UNA JAULA DE GRILLOS”

PROBLEMS IN THE REING OF AMADAO I

THE CARLISTS

ON 11TH FEBRUARY 1873 THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED

PROBLEMS

TREASURY IN CRISIS THIRD CARLIST WAR WAR IN CUBA DISTRUST ARMY AGRICULTURAL , INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR PROBLEMS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT WITHOUT POLITICAL SUPPORT

THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC (1873-1874)

FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC LASTED FOR ONE YEAR AND HAD FOUR PRESIDENTS

FIGUERAS: “Señores estoy hasta los cojonesde todos nosotros”. DURÓ DEL 12 DE FEBRERO AL11 DE JUNIO.

PI I MARGALL: “"Han sido tantas mis amarguras en el poder, que no puedo codiciarlo. He perdido en el gobierno mi tranquilidad, mi reposo, mis ilusiones, mi confianza en los hombres, que constituía el fondo de mi carácter” DURÓ DEL 11 DE JUNIO AL 18 DE JULIO.

SALMERÓN: "Abandonó el poder por no firmar una sentencia de muerte.“ DURÓ DEL 18 DE JULIO AL 7 DESEPTIEMBRE.

CASTELAR: "Para sostener esta forma de gobierno necesito mucha infantería, mucha caballería, mucha artillería, mucha Guardia civil y muchos carabineros".DURÓ DEL 7 DE SEPTIEMBRE AL 3 DE ENERO DE 1874.

THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION OF 1873

17 STATES ECONOMIC, ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL AUTONOMY

THRD CARLIST WAR

TOOK IMPORTANCE DUE TO HIS SUITOR CARLOS VII WAR IN CUBA

IT BEGAN IN 1868 AND ITS IMPOSSIBLE TO WIN

PROBLEMS OF THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC

THE CANTONALIST PROBLEM

PROBLEMS OF THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC

Cantonalism is an insurrectionary movement which aims to divide the nation state into almost inde-pendent cantons.It is in favor of federalism with a radical character (including redis-tribution of wealth, improvement of the working classes etc.), its goal is to establish a confederation of towns or cities (cantons) as a federation of independent units. It resembles in some ways to the Greek polis.

PAVÍA GIVES A COUP AND SERRANO TOOK THE POWER

THE DICTATORSHIP OF SERRANO

MARTÍNEZ CAMPOS GIVES ANOTHER COUP.END OF THE REPUBLIC

RESTORATION BEGINS.KING: ALFONSO XII

THE END OF THE REPUBLIC: REPUBLIC OF SERRANO

ALFONSO XIICÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO

THE BOURBON RESTORATION (1874-1898)

CONSTITUTION 1876

SOVEREIGNTY

Cortes+King

IDEOLOGY

Conservative

POWERS

EXECUTIVE

King (Ministers)

LEGISLATIVE

Bicameral Cortes (Senate and Congress)+King

JUDICIAL

Tribunals

SUFFRAGE

Censitary (Universal male from 1890)

RIGHTS

Fundamental rights and freedom (can be restricted)


Catholicism official religion.

“CANOVIST SYSTEM” = BIPARTISAN SYSTEM

“dynastic parties”

CONSERVATIVE PARTY LIBERAL PARTY

Leader: Cánovas del CastilloIdeology: census suffrage, Catholic Church and social order

Leader: P.M. SagastaIdeology: universal male suffrage, social reforms and less power to the Church.

“Turno pacífico”

MANIPULATION OF ELECTIONS Encasillado Pucherazo Caciques

Ship “Maine” entering in La Havana

THE CRISIS OF 1898 : THE LOSS OF THE LAST COLONIES

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN CUBA WAR AND SUPPORT OF USA IN 1898

SPAIN LOST CUBA, PUERTO RICO AND THE PHILIPPINES

SENSE OF FRUSTRATIONAND PESSIMISM

REGENERATIONIST MOVEMENT

Critique of Spanish situation:Looking for political, economic,

Social and cultural changes.

JOAQUÍN COSTA

THE RISE OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS

CENTRALISED STATE

ROMANTICISM

NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS AS A REACTION IN SOME REGIONS

CATALONIA : RENAIXENÇA MOVEMENT

REVIVING CATALAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

UNIÓ CATALANISTA = DEMAND AUTONOMYAND LLIGA REGIONALISTA

BASQUE COUNTRY : FUEROS REVOKED AFTER THE THIRD CARLIST WAR (1876)

SABINO ARANA = FATHER OF BASQUE NATIONALISM

1894 = PNV (NATIONALIST BASQUE PARTY)

CODIFICATION OF BASQUE LANGUAGE AND CREATION OF SYMBOLS (EUSKADI, IKURRIÑA, ANTHEM…

GALICIA : REXURDIMENTO

MAINLY CULTURAL = REVIVING OF GALICIAN LANGUAGE

Adios, ríos; adios, fontes;adios, regatos pequenos; odios, vista dos meus ollos: non sei cando nos veremos.

Miña terra, miña terra,terra donde me eu criei,hortiña que quero tanto,figueiriñas que prantei,

ROSALÍA DE CASTRO

CUADRO DE LAS CONSTITUCIONES ESPAÑOLAS DEL SIGLO XIXCONSTITUCIÓNDE 1812

CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1837

CONSTITUCIÓNDE 1845

CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1869

FORMA DE ESTADO MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA

MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA



SOBERANÍA NACIONAL NACIONAL COMPARTIDA ENTRE EL REY LAS CORTES

NACIONAL

DIVISIÓN DE PODERES EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y

REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES)

EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y

REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y

REY)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

EJECUTIVO(REY Y MINISTROS)

LEGISLATIVO( CORTES)JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

CORTES UNICAMERALES VOTADAS POR EL PUEBLO

BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO POR

EL REY

BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO POR

EL REY

BICAMERALES ELEGIDAS POR LOS CIUDADANOS

SUFRAGIO UNIVERSAL MASCULINO INDIRECTO

CENSITARIO CENSITARIO MUY REDUCIDO

UNIVERSAL MASCULINO

RELACIÓNIGLESIA/ESTADO

CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ESTADO.

ACONFESIONALIDAD DEL ESTADO

CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ESTADO.

RELIGIÓN CATÓLICA OFICIAL, PERO SE

PERMITÍAN LAS DEMÁS

DERECHOS YLIBERTADES

AMPLIA DECLARACIÓN LIBERTAD DE PRENSA, ASOCIACIÓN Y OPINIÓN

NO HABÍA AMPLIA DECLARACIÓN

Education

Spain in the 19th century