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UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM) Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail LESSON # 1 (f) LESSON # 1 (f) Using text & curriculum he has developed Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslims. To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)” & female)” All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016) IN THE NAME OF IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, ALLAH, MOST MOST COMPASSIONATE, COMPASSIONATE, MOST MERCIFUL. MOST MERCIFUL. "O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)” (Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80) PART PART # # 4 4 (January - (January - 2016 2016) Updated 5 MARCH 2016 THEME: “Advice regarding Four “Advice regarding Four aspects” aspects” REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID” REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID” Re-visiting history and the traditional (classical) concept of Islamic Education

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Page 1: [Slideshare] tafaqqahu-#4(january-2016)-lesson-#1(f) -re-visiting-history-muslim-education-(5-march-2016)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 1 (f)LESSON # 1 (f)

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

PARTPART # # 4 4(January -(January -20162016))

Updated 5 MARCH 2016

THEME: “Advice regarding Four aspects”“Advice regarding Four aspects” REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID”REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID”

Re-visiting history and the traditional (classical) concept of Islamic Education

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““Seeking knowledge is obligatory (Seeking knowledge is obligatory (FARDHFARDH) upon every Muslim,”) upon every Muslim,”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

and he who imparts knowledge to those who do not deserve it and he who imparts knowledge to those who do not deserve it

((GHAYRI-AH-LIHIGHAYRI-AH-LIHI), is like one who puts a necklace of jewels, of ), is like one who puts a necklace of jewels, of

pearls and of gold around the neck of swines.”pearls and of gold around the neck of swines.”

((Hadith reported by Ibn Majah from Anas ibn Malik r.aHadith reported by Ibn Majah from Anas ibn Malik r.a.).)

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“O Allah! Grant favours in our hearing, in our sight and in our strength to be

always upon Your Path. And make our yearnings and desires to be in accord

with everything (teachings and guidance) which has ben brought by Your

beloved Muhammad - salutations of Allah and peace be upon him.”

ALLAA-HUM-MA – MA-TI’-NAA – BI-AS-MAA-INAA – WA

– AB-SWAA-RI-NAA – WA- QUW-WAA-TI-NAA- FEE- SA-BEE – LIK, -

WAJ – ‘AL – HA-WAA-NAA – TA-BA-’AN - LI-MAA – JAA – A – BIHI – HA-BEE-BU-KA

– MUHAM-MADUN – SWOL-LAL-LAA-HU –’ALAI-HI - WA-SAL-LAM

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

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Hadith extracted from: ‘NASA-IHU AL-’IBAAD ‘ALAA SHARHI AL-MUNABBIHAT ‘ALA AL-ISTI’DAD LI-YAUMI AL-MA-’AD’

Sheikh Imam Muhammad Nawawi bin Umar al-Jawi al-Bantanifamous Nusantaran scholar and Imam in Makkah (1813-1897)

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016)) PREVIOUS LESSON

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O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship, for verily the ocean is deep,

And take complete provision, for verily the journey is far,

And lighten the load, for verily the obstacles are almost insurmountable,

And be sincere in your deeds, for verily the scrutinizer of faults

is The Seeing (Allah).AN-NAASEEHAHThe Sincere Advice

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

THE HADITH

PREVIOUS LESSON

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All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

JADDID

(RENEW)

THAT IT MUST NOT LEAD TO REPLACING THE ESSENTIAL FITRAH

change =

replace =

PREVIOUS LESSON

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All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

NOW WE ARE IN THE MIDST OF CLASS PRESENTATION OF HISTORY

OF MUSLIMS’ CONTRIBUTION TO THE WORLD

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From the preceding background that has been explained, From the preceding background that has been explained,

our next pertinent and relevant question is …. our next pertinent and relevant question is ….

“ “ CAN WE MUSLIMS, DO SOMETHING CAN WE MUSLIMS, DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT, NOW ? ” ABOUT IT, NOW ? ”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

TO BE CONTINUED INSHA-ALLAH

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What are the proven desired outcomes ….

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

Presentation by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj IsmailPresentation by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailfor for APEX Toolkit 2014 Saturday

11 January 2014 @ 10.30 am – 12.30 pm11 January 2014 @ 10.30 am – 12.30 pm  Held @ Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah Held @ Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah

Islamic Hub, Braddel RoadIslamic Hub, Braddel RoadSingaporeSingapore

Extracted from:

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““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes The best ones amongst you is the person who makes

you remember Allah when you look upon him; you remember Allah when you look upon him;

and whenever he speaks it increases you your and whenever he speaks it increases you your

knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it

inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”

((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

“People are like minerals, the best of them in Jahiliyah

will still be the best amongst them in Islam,

so long as they have proper (profound) understanding.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi and Ahmad)

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God-fearing,God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, God-fearing, erudite eclecticerudite eclectic, profound, , profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profoundprofound, ,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopherthinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, , advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformeradvocate-reformer, ,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdomperpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet , ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet ascetic yet

worldly-wiseworldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, , spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, worldly-wise, spiritual warriorspiritual warrior, sagacious, just, , sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacioussagacious, just, , just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, justjust, ,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionatehumble and compassionate, and many more ... , and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, humble and compassionate, and many more ... and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual studentsperpetual students..

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound, God-fearing, erudite eclectic, profound,

thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer, thinker-philosopher, advocate-reformer,

perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet perpetual seeker of truth & wisdom, ascetic yet

worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just, worldly-wise, spiritual warrior, sagacious, just,

humble and compassionate, and many more ... humble and compassionate, and many more ...

But they would always regard themselves as But they would always regard themselves as

perpetual students.perpetual students.

NOTE:NOTE:THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE,THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE,

ONLY TO HIGHLIGHT THOSE ONLY TO HIGHLIGHT THOSE

WHICH ARE SIGNIFICANTLYWHICH ARE SIGNIFICANTLY

OVERLOOKED BY MANY WHO MAY OVERLOOKED BY MANY WHO MAY

ONLY EMPHASISE PAPER ONLY EMPHASISE PAPER

QUALIFICATIONQUALIFICATION

AND NOT THEIR PERSONAL AND NOT THEIR PERSONAL

ISLAMIC VIRTUES AND CHARACTERISTICS.ISLAMIC VIRTUES AND CHARACTERISTICS.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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This advice is for those who are upon the course of study, This advice is for those who are upon the course of study,

generally regarded as “Islamic Studies” – a label of generally regarded as “Islamic Studies” – a label of

convenience in the ‘Dualistic’ system of education – the convenience in the ‘Dualistic’ system of education – the

effect of secularism. effect of secularism.

Sadly: Sadly:

““... ... many Muslims may have learnt Islam as a subject, but not many Muslims may have learnt Islam as a subject, but not

subjecting themselves to Islamsubjecting themselves to Islam.”.”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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Because currently we Muslims tend to imitate conventional Because currently we Muslims tend to imitate conventional

approach, our students specializing in the sciences of theapproach, our students specializing in the sciences of the DeenDeen

((DeeniyatDeeniyat) ) may not have had adequate may not have had adequate Fardhu ‘ain Fardhu ‘ain groundings.groundings.

By this I mean – a generic but By this I mean – a generic but eclectic exposure eclectic exposure of various of various

knowledge, which must include other (knowledge, which must include other (ukhra - aakharukhra - aakhar) )

contemporary worldly sciences, knowledge and life-skills, crafts contemporary worldly sciences, knowledge and life-skills, crafts

and trades etc. and trades etc. complimentingcomplimenting with the Islamic knowledge with the Islamic knowledge

gained. gained.

This linkage betweenThis linkage between Deeniyat-Dunyawi Deeniyat-Dunyawi -- perhaps can be perhaps can be

explained in the basic “explained in the basic “ISLAM-IIMAN-IHSANISLAM-IIMAN-IHSAN” – ” – TauhidicTauhidic

paradigm paradigm of a Muslim’s basic education.of a Muslim’s basic education.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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30All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH(Creed or Theology)

 

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH(Creed or Theology)

 Purpose / Objective

Development of Certainty (Belief)Awareness of Reality / Truth

Develop discernment between Truth & Falsehood,

What is involved?‘Aql - (proper use of Reason / Intellect)

Fitrah - Instincts & innate feeling (perception)Tauqifiy – Revelations & reliable traditions

What is the Effect?

To develop firm conviction, strong principle,Commitment to concept of Unity & Justice of Allah

(Tauheed); knowing the true purpose, role and Destiny of Man.

32All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

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‘ILM TAUHIID - ‘AQIDAH(Creed or Theology)

 Purpose / Objective

Development of Certainty (Belief)Awareness of Reality / Truth

Develop discernment between Truth & Falsehood,

What is involved?‘Aql - (proper use of Reason / Intellect)

Fitrah - Instincts & innate feeling (perception)Tauqifiy – Revelations & reliable traditions

What is the Effect?

To develop firm conviction, strong principle,Commitment to concept of Unity & Justice of Allah

(Tauheed); knowing the true purpose, role and Destiny of Man.

33

RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:KNOWLEDGE:

Languages, Logic & philosophy,Languages, Logic & philosophy,Epistemology, Biology, Botany,Epistemology, Biology, Botany,

Chemistry, Physical sciences,Chemistry, Physical sciences,Astronomy, Geology, History,Astronomy, Geology, History,

Anthropology, Marine & Space,Anthropology, Marine & Space,Etc.Etc.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

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‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;

Learning of the Shari’ah) 

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

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‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;

Learning of the Shari’ah) 

Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;

Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)

What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life

Capability to implementing them in life

What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,

Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,

Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),

Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.

35All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

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‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;

Learning of the Shari’ah) 

Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;

Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)

What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life

Capability to implementing them in life

What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,

Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,

Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),

Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.

36

BROAD EXTENT OF TOPICS COVERED IN FIQHBROAD EXTENT OF TOPICS COVERED IN FIQH‘‘ibadah ibadah (personal devotion / worship) (personal devotion / worship) MuamalahMuamalah (social transaction) (social transaction) MunakahahMunakahah (Marriage & family) (Marriage & family) Irth / fara’id Irth / fara’id (Distribution of wealth)(Distribution of wealth) JinayahJinayah (crimes & punishment) (crimes & punishment) Qodha’iyahQodha’iyah (judiciary)(judiciary) jihad / Da’wah jihad / Da’wah (struggle in war & peace)(struggle in war & peace) imarahimarah (Leadership/government)(Leadership/government)

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TAUTAUHHEEDIC PARADIGMEEDIC PARADIGM

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‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;

Learning of the Shari’ah) 

Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;

Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)

What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life

Capability to implementing them in life

What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,

Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,

Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),

Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.

37

RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:All applied sciences, technologyAll applied sciences, technology

and skills, knowledge of economics, politics, social & and skills, knowledge of economics, politics, social & administrative administrative

sciences etc. that can assist in the sciences etc. that can assist in the fulfilment of establishing justice, order, peace, fulfilment of establishing justice, order, peace,

harmony, prosperity, physical harmony, prosperity, physical with moral progress, and the well-being with moral progress, and the well-being

of Man & society, etc.of Man & society, etc.

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‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN

(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism) 

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‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)

 Purpose / Objective

Development of Righteous PersonalityPurification/perfection of the Self

What is involved?Reforming or purification of the Self (Nafs)Best behaviour in relationship with Allah,

within oneself, and with others.Knowledge of Self and of Allah (Gnosis)

What is the Effect?

Development of Most noble personality traitsFounded on Love of Allah, of all His prophets [Nabiyyin] especially the Seal of Prophethood Muhammad s.a.w.,

his Household [itrah or Ahlul-bayti wa Aali -Rasul] and loyal Companions [Ashaab], In fellowship with the Truthful [siddiqqin], the Witnesses & martyrs [shuhada] and the

Righteous servants of Allah [Solihin]; Striving to purify the Self (Nafs) and adorning it with the Exalted Moral traits of Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.

(The Perfected Man – “Insan Kaamil”)

39All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)

 Purpose / Objective

Development of Righteous PersonalityPurification/perfection of the Self

What is involved?Reforming or purification of the Self (Nafs)Best behaviour in relationship with Allah,

within oneself, and with others.Knowledge of Self and of Allah (Gnosis)

What is the Effect?

Development of Most noble personality traitsFounded on Love of Allah, of all His prophets [Nabiyyin] especially the Seal of Prophethood Muhammad s.a.w.,

his Household [itrah or Ahlul-bayti wa Aali -Rasul] and loyal Companions [Ashaab], In fellowship with the Truthful [siddiqqin], the Witnesses & martyrs [shuhada] and the

Righteous servants of Allah [Solihin]; Striving to purify the Self (Nafs) and adorning it with the Exalted Moral traits of Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.

(The Perfected Man – “Insan Kaamil”)

40

RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:This aspect of development requiresThis aspect of development requires

practical behaviour, the aspect of being practical behaviour, the aspect of being and becoming. Its area of development and becoming. Its area of development is the inner Self, the ‘human psyche’ oris the inner Self, the ‘human psyche’ or

the state of the Soul reflected in his the state of the Soul reflected in his Disposition (Disposition (AkhlaqAkhlaq). Therefore, the close ). Therefore, the close

equivalent may perhaps be ‘human’ psychology, equivalent may perhaps be ‘human’ psychology, behavioural sciences, manners & discipline, etc.behavioural sciences, manners & discipline, etc.

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Unfortunately, their specialization in only Unfortunately, their specialization in only ‘‘Ulum-ud-deenUlum-ud-deen (but (but

imitating conventional system in producing specialist – in their case imitating conventional system in producing specialist – in their case

“religious sciences”) may have been prematurely embarked too soon “religious sciences”) may have been prematurely embarked too soon

which, unfortunately led to their discarding the traditional criteria for which, unfortunately led to their discarding the traditional criteria for

what constitute what constitute Fardhu ‘AinFardhu ‘Ain knowledge, which has to be eclectic to knowledge, which has to be eclectic to

include acquisition of contemporary science and knowledge (relevant include acquisition of contemporary science and knowledge (relevant

& complimentary) vis-a-vis to what they are learning in Islam & complimentary) vis-a-vis to what they are learning in Islam

((DeeniyatDeeniyat))..

Even when these contemporary sciences and knowledge are taught, it Even when these contemporary sciences and knowledge are taught, it

seem to be merely imitating mechanically what is done in seem to be merely imitating mechanically what is done in

conventional schools without concern for how it is relevant to their conventional schools without concern for how it is relevant to their

Islamic development – instead of to clear the PSLE examination. Islamic development – instead of to clear the PSLE examination. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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It is found that when they are exposed further at tertiary level to It is found that when they are exposed further at tertiary level to

contemporary science, knowledge and ideologies (secular humanist contemporary science, knowledge and ideologies (secular humanist

philosophy) in conventional learning centres or university, most of philosophy) in conventional learning centres or university, most of

them would not be able to critically sieve and react to those teachings them would not be able to critically sieve and react to those teachings

which are antithetical to Islamic worldview from those that are not. which are antithetical to Islamic worldview from those that are not.

It has happened to several It has happened to several MadrasahMadrasah students, some were prominent students, some were prominent

graduates from ‘graduates from ‘PesantrenPesantren’ even, who sadly, have become totally ’ even, who sadly, have become totally

transformed (secularized) after being sent abroad to continue their transformed (secularized) after being sent abroad to continue their

tertiary or post-graduate education in Western universities. Many of tertiary or post-graduate education in Western universities. Many of

them now are in fact leading the “them now are in fact leading the “Liberal Islam networkLiberal Islam network” groups. ” groups.

We cannot accept this scandalous “We cannot accept this scandalous “brain-drainbrain-drain” to continue to persist. ” to continue to persist.

Let’s face it - Secularization of Muslim as a program, is real.Let’s face it - Secularization of Muslim as a program, is real.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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We should introduce intervention – e.g. diagnostic of what may We should introduce intervention – e.g. diagnostic of what may

have been missed in their education - has to be done. Also, to have been missed in their education - has to be done. Also, to

conduct a re-orientation of their attitude, philosophy and conduct a re-orientation of their attitude, philosophy and

motivation (drivers) and proactively prepare them with those that motivation (drivers) and proactively prepare them with those that

a true Islamic Scholar should have – this is imperative. Thus some-a true Islamic Scholar should have – this is imperative. Thus some-

kind of “kind of “clinic, therapy, counsellingclinic, therapy, counselling”- (not merely in academic but ”- (not merely in academic but

also in terms of spiritual and especially also in terms of spiritual and especially AdabAdab) to address this, for ) to address this, for

each student, throughout their stint in the Madrasah.each student, throughout their stint in the Madrasah.

This can be through mentoring by a qualified “This can be through mentoring by a qualified “murobbimurobbi” who ” who

traditionally, will usually begin with this “traditionally, will usually begin with this “diagnosisdiagnosis” and ” and

henceforth monitor the student’s educational development.henceforth monitor the student’s educational development.

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To become an Islamic scholar specializing in religious sciences To become an Islamic scholar specializing in religious sciences

((DeeniyatDeeniyat), his grasp of the general ), his grasp of the general Fardhu ‘ain Fardhu ‘ain knowledge must be knowledge must be

of a much higher standard than that for a lay Muslim’s. This is quite of a much higher standard than that for a lay Muslim’s. This is quite

similar perhaps in medical profession i.e. before a doctor proceed similar perhaps in medical profession i.e. before a doctor proceed

towards becoming a specialist, he or she is required to have towards becoming a specialist, he or she is required to have

obtained good competency in the general medical course first.obtained good competency in the general medical course first.

In fact the general perception of what constitute In fact the general perception of what constitute Fardhu ‘Ain Fardhu ‘Ain

knowledge for Muslims, needs to be clarified and any knowledge for Muslims, needs to be clarified and any

misconceptions regarding it, corrected for all Muslims – especially misconceptions regarding it, corrected for all Muslims – especially

to the parents and guardians; the teachers and mentors, etc. to the parents and guardians; the teachers and mentors, etc.

involved with the Madrasah.involved with the Madrasah.

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This advice is for those who are in the conventional schooling This advice is for those who are in the conventional schooling

system. system.

The irony that the “The irony that the “University”University” from the word ( from the word (kulliyatkulliyat – –

‘universal’) actually was inspired or copied from the “‘universal’) actually was inspired or copied from the “Jami’ahJami’ah” ”

the centre where early Muslims learnt many sciences; is actually the centre where early Muslims learnt many sciences; is actually

now producing specialists and should rather be called now producing specialists and should rather be called

““Specialise-tySpecialise-ty” : because it is producing scholars with “” : because it is producing scholars with “Juz-’iyJuz-’iy” ”

(particular)(particular) rather than “ rather than “kulliykulliy” ” (universal) (universal) knowledge.knowledge.

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Although Muslim students and graduates from conventional Although Muslim students and graduates from conventional

educational system, can be said to possess knowledge; or they educational system, can be said to possess knowledge; or they

may even be regarded as experts in their academic field, yet to may even be regarded as experts in their academic field, yet to

confer the epithet “Islamic scholars – (confer the epithet “Islamic scholars – (‘ulama‘ulama)” is very much )” is very much

dependent upon whether, Islamic criteria e.g. Its creed, dependent upon whether, Islamic criteria e.g. Its creed,

practices, worldview, philosophy, approaches etc. has shaped his practices, worldview, philosophy, approaches etc. has shaped his

scholarship or not.scholarship or not.

Unfortunately, many may have discarded the Islamic norms (or Unfortunately, many may have discarded the Islamic norms (or

hold it abeyance), to embrace a secular philosophy and hold it abeyance), to embrace a secular philosophy and

approach, purporting themselves to being neutral from any approach, purporting themselves to being neutral from any

religion, when undergoing conventional education. religion, when undergoing conventional education.

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To be regarded as Islamic scholars, even when specializing in ‘so-To be regarded as Islamic scholars, even when specializing in ‘so-

called’ non-religious sciences (called’ non-religious sciences (DunyawiDunyawi), his grasp of the general ), his grasp of the general

Fardhu ‘ain Fardhu ‘ain knowledge as Muslims, must already be of such high knowledge as Muslims, must already be of such high

standard – to commensurate or be at par, with his intellectual / standard – to commensurate or be at par, with his intellectual /

academic achievement and status. academic achievement and status.

Only when, in their field of scholarship it is fully dominated or Only when, in their field of scholarship it is fully dominated or

driven by the Islamic ethos, worldview and motivation etc. – i.e. driven by the Islamic ethos, worldview and motivation etc. – i.e.

Islam colouring their knowledge and the particular scientific field Islam colouring their knowledge and the particular scientific field

– can they qualify to carry the epithet Islamic Scholar (– can they qualify to carry the epithet Islamic Scholar (’ulama’ulama). ).

This was how our early scholars had qualified themselves.This was how our early scholars had qualified themselves.

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The term The term ‘‘ULAMA ULAMA (plural) from(plural) from ‘ALEEM “ ‘ALEEM “ ““ – although – although

today is used to refer exclusively to the Islamic scholars of the today is used to refer exclusively to the Islamic scholars of the DeenDeen

(those specializing in religious sciences), but actually the term (those specializing in religious sciences), but actually the term

generally refers to “generally refers to “the learned or those endowed with knowledgethe learned or those endowed with knowledge” ”

– from the root word “ “. – from the root word “ “.

Allah SWT even uses this term generally to believers who are Allah SWT even uses this term generally to believers who are

endowed with knowledge and science of the universe itself. Thus endowed with knowledge and science of the universe itself. Thus

the Arabic word for “the Arabic word for “universeuniverse” and the “” and the “learnedlearned” can be similarly ” can be similarly

spelt as “ “ - but pronounced differently, either “spelt as “ “ - but pronounced differently, either “AALAALAAMM ” ”

or “or “AALAALIIMM” respectively. ” respectively.

AN IMPORTANT NOTE:AN IMPORTANT NOTE:

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AN IMPORTANT NOTE:AN IMPORTANT NOTE:

““Of all His servantsOf all His servants, only such as are endowed with , only such as are endowed with

(innate) knowledge ((innate) knowledge (AL-’ULAMAAL-’ULAMA) stand (truly) in awe of ) stand (truly) in awe of

Allah: (for they alone comprehend that) verily, Allah is Allah: (for they alone comprehend that) verily, Allah is

Almighty, Much Forgiving.”Almighty, Much Forgiving.”

((Qur’an: Fatir 35 : 40Qur’an: Fatir 35 : 40))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

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From this therefore, Muslim cohorts from conventional schooling or From this therefore, Muslim cohorts from conventional schooling or

university, university, onlyonly has the right to be regarded also as amongst the has the right to be regarded also as amongst the

‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA – although specializing in knowledge and science other – although specializing in knowledge and science other

than pertaining to the religion (than pertaining to the religion (DeenDeen) - ) - when their knowledge, when their knowledge,

belief and practice of Islam have been adequately developed, to an belief and practice of Islam have been adequately developed, to an

extent that it permeates his very being and identity as Muslim extent that it permeates his very being and identity as Muslim

scholar or scientist.scholar or scientist.

To fill this ‘gap’ in their educational development is required, which To fill this ‘gap’ in their educational development is required, which

thus requires a special thus requires a special Fardhu ’Ain Fardhu ’Ain curriculum to be progressively curriculum to be progressively

inculcated, at every stage in their life development.inculcated, at every stage in their life development.

AN IMPORTANT NOTE:AN IMPORTANT NOTE:

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Unfortunately today, many of our Muslim scientists and intellectuals Unfortunately today, many of our Muslim scientists and intellectuals

do not reflect anything ‘do not reflect anything ‘IslamicIslamic’ in their works, nor do they claim to be ’ in their works, nor do they claim to be

so. Rather they would admit to have been secularly trained and thus, so. Rather they would admit to have been secularly trained and thus,

they are just like other secular scientists and academicians. Only in they are just like other secular scientists and academicians. Only in

religious affiliation do they regard themselves to be Muslims.religious affiliation do they regard themselves to be Muslims.

Unlike the Muslim intellectuals and scientists which the Islamic Unlike the Muslim intellectuals and scientists which the Islamic

civilization had once produced, who although having learnt from other civilization had once produced, who although having learnt from other

cultures and past civilizations, yet they were able to somehow cultures and past civilizations, yet they were able to somehow

““IslamizeIslamize” these knowledge and sciences - to then shared them which ” these knowledge and sciences - to then shared them which

benefitted the world. How was it done? Can we recover the methods?benefitted the world. How was it done? Can we recover the methods?

AN IMPORTANT NOTE:AN IMPORTANT NOTE:

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IMPORTANT DU’AIMPORTANT DU’A

ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QANWAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A

WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAANWAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH

““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true

and grant us ability to follow it.and grant us ability to follow it.

And make us see Falsehood to be false and And make us see Falsehood to be false and

grant us the ability to reject it.”grant us the ability to reject it.”All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))