[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2014)-#6(c) -daily-application-(swolah-prerequisite-for-acceptance-(29-november-2014)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 6 (c)LESSON # 6 (c)

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH BAB- ‘BAB- ‘AL-SWOLAH’

Pre-requisite for its acceptancePre-requisite for its acceptance - - (Basis regarding obligatory Swolah)(Basis regarding obligatory Swolah)

Updated 29 November 2014

From the previous classes, you would have been familiar with

the methodology of studying fiqh in Islam, especially on the

importance of going back to the basis (dalil).

Therefore in future, my slides/ hand-outs will not contain

elaborate explanations, but will be brief but with emphasis on

basis (therefore you are to give special attention to practice,

and to memorize) on the explanation and these basis - Qur'an

or Hadith (especially those which I painstakingly provide with –

or without - the transliteration to ease those new converts).




STATE OF STATE OF

PURITY PURITY


a.a. MUST BE A MUSLIM MUST BE A MUSLIM – purity in belief ; acknowledging that only – purity in belief ; acknowledging that only

Allah is god, there is no other god except Him alone, without Allah is god, there is no other god except Him alone, without

partners nor rival (partners nor rival (AQEEDAH-SAAQEEDAH-SAHHEEHAEEHA))..

” ”Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly

repentant and loves those who purify themselves.“repentant and loves those who purify themselves.“

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 222Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 222))


a.a. MUST BE A MUSLIM MUST BE A MUSLIM – purity in belief ; acknowledging that only – purity in belief ; acknowledging that only

Allah is god, there is no other god except Him alone, without Allah is god, there is no other god except Him alone, without

partners nor rival (partners nor rival (AQEEDAH-SAAQEEDAH-SAHHEEHAEEHA))..

“O ye who believe! The idolaters (polytheists) only are unclean

(NAJASUN). So let them not come near the (MASJIDIL HARAM)

Inviolable Place of Worship after this their year. ”

(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 28)



Say, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you Say, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you

of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds? [They are] of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds? [They are]

those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they

think that they are doing well in work." Those are the think that they are doing well in work." Those are the

ones who disbelieve (ones who disbelieve (KAFARUKAFARU) in the verses of their Lord ) in the verses of their Lord

and in [their] meeting Him, and in [their] meeting Him, so their deeds have become so their deeds have become

worthlessworthless; and We will not assign to them on the Day of ; and We will not assign to them on the Day of

Resurrection any importance.”Resurrection any importance.”

((Qur’an:Kahfi: 18: 103-105Qur’an:Kahfi: 18: 103-105))


b.b. MUST BE IN STATE OF PURITY MUST BE IN STATE OF PURITY – free from minor or major ceremonial – free from minor or major ceremonial

impurity (impurity (HADATH/JANABAHHADATH/JANABAH))




““O YOU who have attained to faith! When you are about to O YOU who have attained to faith! When you are about to

pray (pray (SWOLAHSWOLAH), wash your face (), wash your face (FAFAGHGHSILU WUJUU-HAKUMSILU WUJUU-HAKUM), ),

and your hands and arms (and your hands and arms (WA-AY-DI-YAKUMWA-AY-DI-YAKUM) up to the ) up to the

elbows (elbows (ILAL-MA-RAA-FIQILAL-MA-RAA-FIQ) and pass your [wet] hands lightly ) and pass your [wet] hands lightly

((WAM-SA-WAM-SA-HHUU) over your head () over your head (BI-RU-UU-SIKUMBI-RU-UU-SIKUM), and [wash] ), and [wash]

your feet up to the ankles (your feet up to the ankles (WA-AR-JU-LAKUM- ILAL-KA’-WA-AR-JU-LAKUM- ILAL-KA’-

BAINBAIN).”).”

((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6))




““((LAA-YUQ-BALUL-LAAHILAA-YUQ-BALUL-LAAHI) ) Allah does not accept (Allah does not accept (AS-SWOLAHAS-SWOLAH) )

the prayer of one who (the prayer of one who (AH-DATHAAH-DATHA) passes wind (i.e. nullified ) passes wind (i.e. nullified

his state of ceremonial purity), (his state of ceremonial purity), (HATTAHATTA) until he performs the ) until he performs the

Ablution (Ablution (WUDHUWUDHU') again') again.”.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary, Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)Hadith reported by Bukhary, Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)




““And if you are in a state of And if you are in a state of JANABAHJANABAH (state of ceremonial (state of ceremonial

impurity requiring total ablution), then purify yourselves.”impurity requiring total ablution), then purify yourselves.”

((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6))

FIVEFIVEPRE-REQUISITESPRE-REQUISITES

FOR SWOLAHFOR SWOLAH

CULTURE OF HYGEINE; CLEANLINESS;CULTURE OF HYGEINE; CLEANLINESS;MANAGEMENT OF PURITY OF WATERMANAGEMENT OF PURITY OF WATER

WATER ENGINEERING, AQUA-DUCT,WATER ENGINEERING, AQUA-DUCT,FOUNTAINS, STREAMS, IRRIGATIONFOUNTAINS, STREAMS, IRRIGATION

BATHING , (HAMAM) BATHE HOUSESBATHING , (HAMAM) BATHE HOUSES

STATE OF PURITY



MODESTLY ATTIRE D MODESTLY ATTIRE D


a.a. PROPER DRESSING PROPER DRESSING – attire must conceal one’s nakedness (‘– attire must conceal one’s nakedness (‘AURATAURAT); );

free from impurities (free from impurities (NAJASAHNAJASAH); and they are not illegally acquired ); and they are not illegally acquired

((HALALHALAL).).

””O children of Adam! wear (O children of Adam! wear (ZEE-NA-TUKUMZEE-NA-TUKUM) your beautiful ) your beautiful

apparel at every time and place of prayer (apparel at every time and place of prayer (MAS-JIDMAS-JID)” )”

((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 31Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 31) )

* According to Ibn Abbas r.a.the “adornment” (Arabic term

“zee-nat”) in this verse means “clothe or garment for

prayer” and, according to Raghib is “a [beautifying] thing

that does not disgrace or render unseemly … either in the

present world or in that which is to come”: thus, it signifies

anything of beauty in both the physical and moral

connotation of the word.” The word “masaa-jid” here is

referring to “Swolah” (the worship).

EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION


‘Aurah – refers to “nakedness” - parts of one’s body which

should be concealed from others, who are ajnabi (“stranger”

i.e. not a kin or siblings - those people whose relationship is

within the marriageable degree who is not one’s legal

spouse).

For male: The area between the navel to the knee” is the

‘aurah.

For ladies: “All her body except for the face and hands”

EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION



The Prophet s.a.w. said: “The ‘Aurat for men is between the

navel and the knees.”

(Hadith related by Daraquthni and Baihaqi)


The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is

reported to have said to Asma', daughter of Abu Bakr

(may Allah be pleased with them): "O Asma'! Once a

girl reaches puberty, nothing of her body may be seen

(by non-mahram i.e. “ajnabi”) except this and these, (he

pointed to his face and hands while saying so)."


Jurhad r.a. reported,” The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.

passed by me when the cloak I was wearing did not cover my

thigh. He said, ‘Cover your thigh, for it is (part of) ‘aurah.”

(Hadith related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Tirmidzi)


‘Aishah r.a. reported that: “The Messenger s.a.a.w. said:

’ Allah will not accept the prayer (SWOLAH) of a woman

who is an adult (has attained to age of puberty and

responsibility) except (when she covers herself) with a

head covering (termed “HIMAR”) “

(Hadith related by Five scholars of Hadith except Nasa-‘i)


It is also related that ‘Aishah r.a. was asked, “In how many

garments is a woman to pray?” She answered” “Go and

ask Ali ibn Abu Talib r.a. and then return to me and tell me

what he said.”

Ali’s answer was, “In a head cover and a long flowing

shirt.” This was told to ‘Aishah r.a. and she said, ”He has

told the truth.”

MODEST DRESSING; ADDED TO VARIETY OF ETHNICITIES;MODEST DRESSING; ADDED TO VARIETY OF ETHNICITIES;



PROLIFERATION OF USE OF VARIOUS CLOTHESPROLIFERATION OF USE OF VARIOUS CLOTHES MODE OF DRESSING



PLACE FOR PLACE FOR

PROSTRATION PROSTRATION


a.a. PLACE OF PROSTRATION (SAJDAH) PLACE OF PROSTRATION (SAJDAH) – must be free from impurities – must be free from impurities

((NAJASAHNAJASAH); have legal access (); have legal access (HALALHALAL); safety from danger; does not ); safety from danger; does not

impede public access.impede public access.

“ “(Allah has) made for me the (whole surface of the) earth pure and as a (Allah has) made for me the (whole surface of the) earth pure and as a

place for prostration (place for prostration (masjidanmasjidan); thus wherever a person finds himself to be, ); thus wherever a person finds himself to be,

let him perform his swolah at that place which he can find (himself to be).”let him perform his swolah at that place which he can find (himself to be).”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary Muslim and AhmadHadith reported by Bukhary Muslim and Ahmad))



From Anas ibn Malik who said: once there came an Arab From Anas ibn Malik who said: once there came an Arab

peasant who then urinated in one corner of the mosque. peasant who then urinated in one corner of the mosque.

He was scolded (by the people but) the Messenger He was scolded (by the people but) the Messenger

s.a.a.w. stopped them (from scolding him). Then (when s.a.a.w. stopped them (from scolding him). Then (when

the Arab finished urinating) the Messenger s.a.a.w. the Arab finished urinating) the Messenger s.a.a.w.

called for a vessel of water, which he poured it over the called for a vessel of water, which he poured it over the

place (on which he urinated thereby cleansing it).place (on which he urinated thereby cleansing it).

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)



MOSQUES, RESPECT FOR ALL SURFACES ON THIS EARTH , PLACE



TIMES FOR TIMES FOR

PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE


a.a. TIME TIME – have the knowledge of the time within which a particular – have the knowledge of the time within which a particular

obligatory prayer is being performed.obligatory prayer is being performed.

“ “ set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on

believers at stated times.” believers at stated times.”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103))

The prescribed (The prescribed (FARDHFARDH) prayers are ) prayers are fivefive, which are obligatory for , which are obligatory for

every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty and is sane:every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty and is sane:

[1][1] The time for the noon prayer (The time for the noon prayer (DzuhrDzuhr) begins after the sun has ) begins after the sun has

moved slightly after its zenith (i.e. when an object’s shadow begins moved slightly after its zenith (i.e. when an object’s shadow begins

to perceptibly grow, and ends when an object’s shadow length to perceptibly grow, and ends when an object’s shadow length

equals the object’s height.equals the object’s height.


Anas r.a. narrated, “If it was extremely cold, the Anas r.a. narrated, “If it was extremely cold, the

Prophet s.a.a.w. would pray early. If it was extremely Prophet s.a.a.w. would pray early. If it was extremely

hot, he would wait for it to cool down.”hot, he would wait for it to cool down.”

((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

Note also:Note also:


Note also:Note also:

Abu Dzar r.a. relates, “We were with the Prophet s.a.a.w. on Abu Dzar r.a. relates, “We were with the Prophet s.a.a.w. on

a journey. When the caller to prayer (mu’ezzin) wanted to a journey. When the caller to prayer (mu’ezzin) wanted to

give adzan, the Prophet s.a.w. said “Let it cool down.” This give adzan, the Prophet s.a.w. said “Let it cool down.” This

happened two or three times, until we saw the shadows of happened two or three times, until we saw the shadows of

the hills. Then the Prophet s.a.w. said, “The extreme heat is the hills. Then the Prophet s.a.w. said, “The extreme heat is

from the fragrance of Hell. If the heat becomes extreme, from the fragrance of Hell. If the heat becomes extreme,

delay the prayer until it becomes cool.”delay the prayer until it becomes cool.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))


[2] The time of the mid-afternoon prayer (‘Asr) begins at the end of

the noon prayer’s time.

The preferred time i.e. recommended (mustahab) for it’s

performance ends when an object’s shadow is twice as long as the

object’s height, although the prayer is still permissible to be

performed until the sun sets.

Yet, it is undesirable (makruh) to wait until the sun’s light wanes.


“(HAAFIZUU) Observe and guard the prayers (SWOLAH)

and the mid-most prayer (SWOLAAA-TUL-WUTS-QA), and

stand with total submission to Allah.”

(Qur’an: Surah al-Baqarah: 2: 228)



Imam an-Nawawi r.a. said: “Our companions (Scholar of

Shafi’e madzhab) hold that the mid- afternoon prayer time can

be divided into five categories :

(1) the most virtuous time, (fadhilah)

(2) The preferred time (ikhtiyar)

(3) the allowable time (jawaz)

(4) the allowable time which is disliked (makruh)

(5) The time which is for those with excuse or for necessity (‘uzur).


Abu Hurayrah r.a. related that the Prophet s.aw. said: Abu Hurayrah r.a. related that the Prophet s.aw. said:

“Whoever catches one raka’ah of the mid-afternoon “Whoever catches one raka’ah of the mid-afternoon

prayer (swolah al-‘asr) before the sun sets and prayer (swolah al-‘asr) before the sun sets and

continues the remainder of the swolah after the sun continues the remainder of the swolah after the sun

has set has not missed the mid-afternoon prayer.”has set has not missed the mid-afternoon prayer.”

((Hadith reported by Jama’ah and BaihaqiHadith reported by Jama’ah and Baihaqi))


Anas r.a. related that he heard the Prophet s.a.w said: “That is the

prayer of the hypocrite: he waits until the sun is between the horns

of Satan, then he gets up and prays four quick raka’ah, and he does

not remember Allah therein except for a little.”

Referring to those who delay the prayer until the sun

becomes yellowish on the horizon (without valid excuse),

(Hadith reported by Jama’ah except for Bukhary and Ibn Majah)

[3] The time for the sunset prayer (Maghrib) begins when the sun has

completely set (below the horizon), and it ends when the red

disappear from the sky.


Note:

Imam an-Nawawi says “It is the opinion of the research scholars of

our companions (from Shafi’e madzhab) that ... it is allowed to

delay it as long as it is twilight. It is allowed to begin the prayer at

any time during that period. Yet it is greatly preferred to perform

it as early as possible”.

[4] The time for the night prayer (isha’) begins at the end of the

sunset prayer. The preferred time for it’s performance ends when a

third of the night has passed, although it is still permissible to perform

it until dawn.


Delaying performance of Isha’ is preferred:


Ayesha r.a. narrated, “One night the Prophet s.a.a.w.

prayed the night prayer after most of the night had gone

by and most of the people in the mosque had fallen asleep.

Then he came out, prayed, and said, ‘This would be the

proper time if it were not a hardship to my Ummah.”

(Hadith reported by Muslim and Nasa-‘i)

One should not sleep before performing the night prayer (Isha’),

nor have discussions after it.


Abu Barza al-Aslami r.a. related that “the Prophet

s.a.a.w. loved to delay the night prayer (to a time

which was called darkness, al-‘atmah), and he hated

sleeping before it and talking or discussions after it.”

(Hadith related by Jama’ah)




Ibn Mas’ud r.a. related: “The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.

ordered us not to talk after the night prayer.”

(Hadith reported by Ibn Majah)




What is undesirable in the above is regarding vain and useless

talking.

Discussion over beneficial matters is permissible from other

ahadith reports as observed from the Prophet s.a.a.w.’s practices.

Note (clarification):

[5] The time for the dawn prayer (Subh) begins at true dawn

(Fajr Sadiq) – when the horizon glows with light and remain until the

sun appears which mark the end of this prayer time. (Note: there is

what is termed false dawn [Fajr Kadzib] at which a dim light appears

for some minutes and then it disappear).

It is preferred to offer this swolah early within its permissible time

as the Prophet s.a.w. prayed the morning prayer (Subh) while still in

the darkness (of dawn), and would recite long recitation such that

when he finishes it, the dawn sky becomes “shiny.”



The Prophet s.a.a.w. said: “The Prophet s.a.a.w. said: “The best of' the deeds

or deed is the (observance of) prayer (SWOLAH) at

its proper time and kindness to the parents.”.”

((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))


The Prophet s.a.a.w. The Prophet s.a.a.w. was asked: 'Which (A’MAL) deed is

the best (AFDWOL)?' So he said: 'Swolat in the

beginning of its time (AWWALI-WAQ-TIHA).‘

((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi))


““Whoever missed performing Swolah (within its time)Whoever missed performing Swolah (within its time)

because of being asleep or have forgotten, the time for him because of being asleep or have forgotten, the time for him

to do it (the missed swolah) is when he remembers about it.”to do it (the missed swolah) is when he remembers about it.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))



Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said: The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said: The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.

used to combine (used to combine (JAMA’JAMA’) obligatory Swolah of Zuhr’ ) obligatory Swolah of Zuhr’

with ‘Asr, Maghrib with ‘Isha’ (while domiciled with ‘Asr, Maghrib with ‘Isha’ (while domiciled ** ) in ) in

Madinah without apparent reason (excusable) of fear Madinah without apparent reason (excusable) of fear

((KHAUFKHAUF), or rain. He was then asked as to why did ), or rain. He was then asked as to why did

these, and he replied :”So that (it becomes) a way out these, and he replied :”So that (it becomes) a way out

(to ease) my ummah (by setting this precedence).”(to ease) my ummah (by setting this precedence).”

((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim) )

* * Full raka’at without Full raka’at without Qasr Qasr (shortening) as this (shortening) as this QasrQasr only for travelers ( only for travelers (musafirmusafir).).


Abu Qatadah r.a. narrated that the Prophet s.a.aw. said:

“There is no negligence in sleep, but negligence occurs

while one is awake. If one of you forgets a prayer (swolah)

or sleeps through its time, then he should offer (perform) it

when he remembers it.”

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi – also in Bukhary and Muslim) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

From this majority Scholars inferred that missed performance of every

obligatory prayer (swolah) has to be re-paid by the doing of it (even

outside its time, termed as Qadha’) – since even those who missed doing

it with excuse (therefore not blameworthy i.e. even when they are not

regarded as sinning) has still required to perform it (make-up, even

beyond its stipulated time); therefore those purposely neglected ( who

is guilty of committing a sin, and * must repent and seek Allah’s

forgiveness) all the more, is obligatory upon them to performed what

has been missed by them.

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


• See addendum on “REPENTANCE” – and conditions for acceptance of forgiveness of sin.

According to Imam an-Nawawi r.a. who says: “There is

consensus among all scholars who matter, that whosoever

deliberately misses the prayer is obliged to make it up (Qadha’). “

Although there are today, differing opinions of scholars and

some people (relying on the opinions and arguments from

scholars of other madzaahib viz. Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyyah and

others).

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


They felt that the above ruling - making it obligatory to make-up all

the prayer they had missed , whether by negligence (therefore

sinning) or otherwise (excusable) – this ruling might deter people

hoping to change by making repentance, into despair because of the

sheer number of Swolah that they have to make up as the

compulsory condition.

Bear in mind to distinguish that the issue of difference between

scholars of Shafi’ie madzhab with Ibn Hazm and Ibn Taymiyyah – was

what kind of reparation such people should be told to perform, are

there other instead that obligatory prayers missed?

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


While the Shafi’ie school specifies that they are required to

perform each and every particular obligatory prayer missed,

whereas Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim stipulates (for

such person) they must perform as many and more

supererogatory prayer as those obligatory prayers they missed,

as make up.

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


This is because they deemed it to be invalid, the performance

of obligatory prayers (missed without valid reason) outside its

stipulated time.

They, conclude that someone who deliberately did not

perform the prayer until its time is finished can never make it up

outside its permitted period.

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


[a] Hadith from Abu Qatadah r.a. who reported that the Prophet s.a.a.w. said:

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


The majority scholars of Hanafis, Malikis and Shafi’ie madzaahib hold to the

following evidence as basis:

“…If one of you forgets a prayer (swolah) or sleeps through its time,

then he should offer (perform) it when he remembers it…”

(Narrated by Bukhary, Muslim, Tirmidzi)

[b] Hadith in which the Prophet s.a.w. said:

“So, pay off her debt. A debt to Allah has better right to be fulfilled.”

(Narrated by Bukhary and Muslim)

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


Although this refers to the performance for Hajj (its significance is that

it is a form of worship), it is to be noted that the Prophet likened the

missed worship to a debt.

Other act of worship which requires making-up for those who missed

it is fasting of Ramadhan regardless of reason for it being missed.

[c] When the Prophet s.a.w. was prevented from

performing the ‘Asr prayer until the sun had set because of battle

fighting the unbelievers (before “Swolah khauf” was legislated),

he said;

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


“May Allah fill their graves and houses with fire, as

they have occupied us from performing the

midmost prayer until the sun set.”

(Narrated by Bukhary and Muslim)

[d] The Prophet s.a.a.w. said:

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT?


“Someone fasting who unintentionally vomits is not

obliged to make up his fast, but whosoever causes

himself to vomit must make it up.”

(Narrated by Ibn Majah)

Here, the significance is that the Prophet s.a.w. declared it

obligatory for whoever breaks the fast without excuse to make it

up, proving the acts of worship missed without excuse is still

obligatory to make up afterwards even if the person who delays it

by passing its time has committed a sin by doing so.


TO BE CONTINUED – INSHA-ALLAHTO BE CONTINUED – INSHA-ALLAH

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[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2014)-#6(c) -daily-application-(swolah-prerequisite-for-acceptance-(29-november-2014)