Muslim festivals[slideshare]

UNDERSTANDING THEUNDERSTANDING THE““EID-AINEID-AIN””

TWO ANNUAL FESTIVALSTWO ANNUAL FESTIVALSOF ISLAMOF ISLAM

Prepared by:Prepared by:Zhulkeflee Hj IsmailZhulkeflee Hj Ismail

IN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAHMOST COMPASIONATEMOST COMPASIONATEMOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

ISLAM & THE MUSLIMSISLAM & THE MUSLIMS

A PRESENTATION FOR STAFF OF TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC @ LIBRARY SEMINAR ROOM LEVEL 9TEMASEK POLYTECHNICTAMPINES, SINGAPORE. WEDNESDAY, 24 NOV 2010 @ 3.30PM

All Rights reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail 2010

DISPELLING SOME DISPELLING SOME MISCONCEPTIONSMISCONCEPTIONS

‘Eid-ul-Fitr’ & for that matter ‘Eid-ul-Adha are not the Muslims’ new year.



‘Eid-ul-Fitr’ & for that matter ‘Eid-ul-Adha , are not the Muslims’ new year.

The Muslim’s new year begins in the first lunar calendar month of Muharram. (this year coincide with 7 Dec 2010)



‘Eid-ul-Fitr’ & for that matter ‘Eid-ul-Adha are not the Muslims’ new year.

The Muslim’s new year begins in the first lunar calendar month of Muharram. (this year coincide with 7 Dec 2010)

There are also other auspicious days commemorated by Muslims. Some may be sanctioned from teachings of Qur’an and As-Sunnah, while there may also be other customs, culture and practices, adopted by the Muslims in this region, termed as “adat”.


‘‘EID-AL-FITRIEID-AL-FITRI

(Festival of the breaking the Fast)(Festival of the breaking the Fast)



Understanding terminologiesUnderstanding terminologies

• EID – ( “Festival”)• AL – (“the”)• FITR’ – (“break”)So ‘Eid-ul-Fitr’ means “festival of the breaking

of the fast”• Malays sometimes use the term “Hari Raya

Puasa” – meaning “festival of Fasting (marking the end of Ramadhan month)”.



“O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you that ye may (learn) Taqwa (God-consciousness leading to self-restraint).― “ (Surah Baqarah: 2: 183)

WHY DO MUSLIMS FAST?


“Allah (God) intends every facility for you He does not want to put you to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period (of fasting), and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye shall be grateful.”

(Surah Baqarah: 2: 185)

WHY DO MUSLIMS FAST?


Fasting and its significance?Fasting and its significance?

• Daily fasting in month of Ramadhan is the third Daily fasting in month of Ramadhan is the third pillar of Islam.pillar of Islam.




• It is for development of a Muslim’s strength, It is for development of a Muslim’s strength, discipline in self-denial – a crucial factor to being a discipline in self-denial – a crucial factor to being a MuslimMuslim – ability to submit our will and desire to all – ability to submit our will and desire to all that which Allah commands.that which Allah commands.




• It is for development of a Muslim’s strength, It is for development of a Muslim’s strength, discipline in self-denial – a crucial factor to being a discipline in self-denial – a crucial factor to being a MuslimMuslim – ability to submit our will and desire to all – ability to submit our will and desire to all that which Allah commands.that which Allah commands.

• A period of self-renewal, re-orientation of our life A period of self-renewal, re-orientation of our life back towards natural state or “back towards natural state or “fitrahfitrah” - free of sins ” - free of sins and blame with God’s Mercy and forgiveness.and blame with God’s Mercy and forgiveness.


Why the festival?Why the festival?

• It is in the accomplishment of the one month It is in the accomplishment of the one month fasting that Muslims celebrate. fasting that Muslims celebrate.

IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:




IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR: expressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications; expressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications;




IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR: expressing gratitude to Allah expressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications; through glorifications; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things;




IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR: expressing gratitude to Allah througexpressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications; h glorifications; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; renewal of bonds and relationship; renewal of bonds and relationship;




IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR: expressing gratitude to Allah texpressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications; hrough glorifications; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; renewal of bonds and relationship; renewal of bonds and relationship; Charity and giving;Charity and giving;




IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR:IT MUST BE CELEBRATED FOR: expressing gratitude to Allahexpressing gratitude to Allah through glorifications; through glorifications; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; Thanksgiving by appreciating good things; renewal of bonds and relationship; renewal of bonds and relationship; Charity and giving;Charity and giving;and the steadfastness in worship – all through and the steadfastness in worship – all through

obedience and consciousness (piety) to God.obedience and consciousness (piety) to God.


How it is celebrated by Muslims?How it is celebrated by Muslims?

• Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the poor and needy Muslims the tax called the poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘‘sadaqat-ul-fitrsadaqat-ul-fitraa’ or ‘’ or ‘zakat-ul-fitra’.zakat-ul-fitra’.



• Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the poor and needy Muslims the tax called the poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘‘sadaqat-ul-fitrsadaqat-ul-fitraa’ or ‘’ or ‘zakat-ul-fitra’.zakat-ul-fitra’.

• The chanting of glorification to God (The chanting of glorification to God (takbirtakbir) ) throughout the evening until they perform the throughout the evening until they perform the morning morning ‘Eid‘Eid prayer. prayer.



• Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the poor and needy Muslims the tax called the poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘‘sadaqat-ul-fitrsadaqat-ul-fitra’a’ or ‘ or ‘zakat-ul-fitra’zakat-ul-fitra’..


• MorningMorning ‘Eid ‘Eid prayer with sermon in open fields and prayer with sermon in open fields and mosques are attended both, by male & female.mosques are attended both, by male & female.



• Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the poor and needy Muslims the tax called the poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘‘sadaqat-ul-fitrsadaqat-ul-fitra’a’ or ‘ or ‘zakat-ul-fitra’.zakat-ul-fitra’.



• Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual visiting.visiting.


How it is celebrated by Muslims?How it is celebrated by Muslims?• Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the Before the day of celebration, Muslims must give to the

poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘poor and needy Muslims the tax called ‘sadaqat-ul-sadaqat-ul-fitrfitra’a’ or ‘ or ‘zakat-ul-fitra’.zakat-ul-fitra’.

• The chanting of glorification to God (The chanting of glorification to God (takbirtakbir) throughout ) throughout the evening until they perform the morning the evening until they perform the morning ‘Eid‘Eid prayer. prayer.


• Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual visiting.Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual visiting.• Although the day of celebration is technically for one Although the day of celebration is technically for one

day, customarily in Singapore, day, customarily in Singapore, hari raya hari raya merriment and merriment and visiting may even continue for a whole month.visiting may even continue for a whole month.




















‘‘EID-AL-ADHAEID-AL-ADHA

(Festival of the Sacrifice)(Festival of the Sacrifice)




• ‘EID – ( “Festival” )• AL – (“the”)• ADHA – (“slaughter”)So ‘Eid-ul-Adha literally means “festival of the

slaughter”• Sometimes the word “QURBAN” is used which

only implicitly refers to the “slaughter”, but this word literally means “seeking nearness”.

• Malays sometimes use the term “Hari Raya Haji” – meaning “festival of the pilgrimage”



• The theme for this celebration is very much linked to the life, creed and rites of the Prophet Abraham and his family a.s. – who are to be regarded by Islam, foremost as models for Muslims.




• Thus ‘Eid-ul-Adha , is preceded with the performance of rites of Hajj (pilgrimage) and other rites connected with Makkah, Ka’aba, Arafah, Mudzdalifah, Mina, Abraham, Hagar and Ishmael.




• Thus ‘Eid-ul-Adha , is preceded with the performance of rites of Hajj (pilgrimage) and other rites connected with Makkah, Ka’aba, Arafah, Mudzdalifah, Mina, Abraham, Hagar and Ishmael.

• This, Hajj, is one of the pillar of Islam, for Muslims who can afford to undertake the journey, at least once in their lifetime.


38

““Say : We believe in Allah, and in that which has been Say : We believe in Allah, and in that which has been

revealed to us and that which has been sent down revealed to us and that which has been sent down

on Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac and Jacob, and the on Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac and Jacob, and the

tribes, and that which was given to Moses and Jesus tribes, and that which was given to Moses and Jesus

and the prophets of their lord; we make no division and the prophets of their lord; we make no division

between any of them, and to Him (Allah) we between any of them, and to Him (Allah) we

surrender (as Muslims).”surrender (as Muslims).”

((Qur’an : al- Baqarah : 2 : 135Qur’an : al- Baqarah : 2 : 135))

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.2010All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.2010

ISLAM – The Creed of AbrahamISLAM – The Creed of Abraham

“for We assuredly sentamongst every nation, (other nations)a Messenger” (Q: Nahl : 16:36)

ADAM (other nations) NOAH (Nuh)

(Shem) (Ham) (Yaphet)

(1st Born) (2nd Born)

ISHMAEL (Isma’il) ISAAC (Ishaq)

ABRAHAM (Ibrahim)



JOHN THE BAPTIST (Yahya)



JACOB (Ya’akub))



JOSEPH (Yusuf) MOSES (Musa)

DAVID (Dawud)

ABRAHAM (Ibrahim)

SOLOMON (Sulaiman)(many others amongst Israelite)

JESUS CHRIST (‘Isa al-Masih)



JOHN THE BAPTIST (Yahya)

MUHAMMAD(The chosen Seal of Prophethood)



JACOB (Ya’akub))



JOSEPH (Yusuf)

(The Quraysh tribein Mecca, direct

descendants of Ishmael)

MOSES (Musa)

DAVID (Dawud)

ABRAHAM (Ibrahim)

SOLOMON (Sulaiman)(many others amongst Israelite)

JESUS CHRIST (‘Isa al-Masih)


SURAH AN-NAHLU: 16 : 123SURAH AN-NAHLU: 16 : 123

““Then We revealed to thee (Muhammad): ‘Follow Then We revealed to thee (Muhammad): ‘Follow

the ways (creed) of Abraham the true in Faith, and the ways (creed) of Abraham the true in Faith, and

he was not of those who ascribe divinity to others he was not of those who ascribe divinity to others

besides Allah” besides Allah” ((Qur’an : An-Nahl : 16 : 123Qur’an : An-Nahl : 16 : 123))


‘Slideshare’ unable to upload Qur’anic Arabic fonts. Please refer to a Mushaf

SURAH AL-BAQARAH: 2 : 130-131SURAH AL-BAQARAH: 2 : 130-131


‘Slideshare’ unable to upload Qur’anic Arabic fonts. Please refer to a Mushaf

SURAH AL-BAQARAH: 2 : 130-131SURAH AL-BAQARAH: 2 : 130-131


““And who turns away from the religion of And who turns away from the religion of Abraham but such as debase their souls with Abraham but such as debase their souls with folly? Him (Abraham) We chose and rendered folly? Him (Abraham) We chose and rendered pure in this world: and he will be in the pure in this world: and he will be in the Hereafter in the ranks of the Righteous.Hereafter in the ranks of the Righteous.

Behold! His Lord said to him: "Submit (thy Behold! His Lord said to him: "Submit (thy will to Me)" He (Abraham) said: "I bow (my will to Me)" He (Abraham) said: "I bow (my will) to the Lord and Cherisher of the will) to the Lord and Cherisher of the universe.“ universe.“

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:130-131Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:130-131) )


“Behold the first House of Worship ever set up for mankind was indeed the one in Bakkah (Makkah): rich in blessings and a source of guidance unto all the worlds, full of clear messages. [It is] the place whereon Abraham once stood; and whoever enters it finds inner peace…. ”

(Qur’an : Aali-’Imran 3 : 96)

THE COMMANDMENT


“… Hence pilgrimage (Hajj) unto the House (Ka’abah) is duty owed to God by all people who are able to undertake it. And as to those who deny the truth – verily, God does not stand in need of anything in all the world.”

(Qur’an : Aali-’Imran 3 : 97)

THE COMMANDMENT


When did Hajj began …?

48

• Focus on the Ka’abah or “Baytullaah” (“the House of God”) located in the peninsula of Arabia:



49




50




51




52




53




54



55

When did Hajj began …?When did Hajj began …?

• Believed to have been the most ancient house of worship (Bayt-al-Aatiq) ever built on earth for mankind. Since Prophet Adam’s time.


56


• Believed to have been the most ancient house of worship (Bayt-al-Aatiq) ever built on earth for mankind. Since Prophet Adam’s time.

• It was lost or forgotten after the great deluge in the time of Prophet Noah a.s.


57


• ‘Re-discovered’ when Prophet Abraham a.s. was guided to settle his descendent through Ishmael a.s. in the valley of Bakkah or Makkah.


58


• ‘Re-discovered’ when Prophet Abraham a.s. was guided to settle his descendent through Ishmael a.s. in the valley of Bakkah or Makkah.

• God tested Abraham’s family Hagar and Ishmael, and granted them the well of “zam-zam” which then became a settlement called Makkah (in the valley of Bakkah).


From the founding of the well of “Zam-zam” in the valley From the founding of the well of “Zam-zam” in the valley of Bakkah, it later grew to became known as Makkah to this day:of Bakkah, it later grew to became known as Makkah to this day:


60

• PREPARATIONSPREPARATIONS pure intentions & personal sacrifice.

Some of the important rites:


61

• PREPARATIONSPREPARATIONS pure intentions & personal sacrifice.• THE JOURNEYINGTHE JOURNEYING Putting on the ‘Ihram’ – state of devotion

as pilgrims journeying to return to his Lord, answer His Divine call.



62

• PREPARATIONSPREPARATIONS pure intentions & personal sacrifice.• THE JOURNEYINGTHE JOURNEYING Putting on the ‘Ihram’ – state of devotion

as pilgrims journeying to return to his Lord, answer His Divine call.



63

• TAWAFTAWAF Circumambulation around the KA’ABAH.



64




65




66




67




68

• SA’ISA’I Re- enacting the running between the hills Re- enacting the running between the hills

of of Mount Safa Mount Safa and and MarwahMarwah of Prophet of Prophet Abraham’s wife HagarAbraham’s wife Hagar..



69





70





71





72

• THE GREAT GATHERINGTHE GREAT GATHERING The gathering of over 2.5 million pilgrims on the

plains of Arafat.



73


plains of Arafat.



74


plains of Arafat.



75


plains of Arafat.



76


plains of Arafat.



77


plains of Arafat.



78

• THE SPIRITUAL RETURNTHE SPIRITUAL RETURN On the way back, to pass by Muzdalifah and make

spiritual preparation for the jihad against Satan (the avowed enemy of all the children of Adam).



79

• THE SPIRITUAL RETURNTHE SPIRITUAL RETURN On the way back, to pass by Muzdalifah and make

spiritual preparation for the jihad against Satan (the avowed enemy of all the children of Adam).



… Picking pebbles, prayers, supplications, Qur’an reading & other nightly devotions

80

• STONING THE DEVILSTONING THE DEVIL At Mina, pilgrims pelt the 3 stone pillars

representing satan, and engages in deep remembrance of God.



“Behold, satan is an enemy unto you: so treat him as an enemy.”

(Qur’an: al-Fatir : 35 : 6)

“O Believers! Surrender yourselves wholly unto God, and follow not satan’s footsteps, for verily , he is your open foe.”

(Qur’an: al-Baqarah : 2 : 208)

81



… stoning the Jumrah representing ‘satan’ …. and all evil which he represents

82



… battle against the enemy of mankind …. Satan , in well-disciplined ranks …

83



… battle against the enemy of mankind …. Satan , in well-disciplined ranks …

84



… being a soldier representing good against the enemy of mankind …. Satan ,

85



… living in tents for 2-3 days, engaging in the remembrance and glorification of God.

86


• OFFERING SACRIFICEOFFERING SACRIFICE

"That they (the pilgrims) may witness the benefits "That they (the pilgrims) may witness the benefits

(provided) for them, and celebrate the name of Allah, (provided) for them, and celebrate the name of Allah,

through the Days appointed over the cattle which He through the Days appointed over the cattle which He

has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat ye thereof has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat ye thereof

and feed the distressed ones in want.”and feed the distressed ones in want.”

((Qur’an: al-Hajj : 22 : 28Qur’an: al-Hajj : 22 : 28))


AS FOR THE REST OF MUSLIMSAS FOR THE REST OF MUSLIMSALL OVER THE WORLD, WHO ALL OVER THE WORLD, WHO

ARE NOT PERFORMINGARE NOT PERFORMINGHAJJ , THEY CELEBRATE THEHAJJ , THEY CELEBRATE THE

‘EID-UL ADHA ……. ‘EID-UL ADHA …….


How it is celebrated by them …How it is celebrated by them …

• The chanting of glorification to God (The chanting of glorification to God (takbirtakbir) ) throughout the evening, the next day and throughout the evening, the next day and continues for the following 3 days.continues for the following 3 days.




• MorningMorning ‘Eid ‘Eid prayer with sermon in open prayer with sermon in open fields and mosques.fields and mosques.





• After which the rites of “After which the rites of “UdhiyahUdhiyah” or ” or ““QurbanQurban” – slaughtering sheep, camel, cows ” – slaughtering sheep, camel, cows etc. are done.etc. are done.





• After which the rites of “After which the rites of “UdhiyahUdhiyah” or ” or ““QurbanQurban” – slaughtering sheep, camel, cows ” – slaughtering sheep, camel, cows etc. are done.etc. are done.

• The meat distributed to the poor, the needy, The meat distributed to the poor, the needy, family, friends, neighbours..family, friends, neighbours..


How it is celebrated by them …How it is celebrated by them …• The chanting of glorification to God (The chanting of glorification to God (takbirtakbir) )

throughout the evening, the next day and throughout the evening, the next day and continues for the following 3 days.continues for the following 3 days.

• MorningMorning ‘Eid ‘Eid prayer with sermon in open fields prayer with sermon in open fields and mosques.and mosques.

• After which the rites of “After which the rites of “UdhiyahUdhiyah” or “” or “QurbanQurban” ” – slaughtering sheep, camel, cows etc. are done.– slaughtering sheep, camel, cows etc. are done.

• The meat distributed to the poor, the needy, The meat distributed to the poor, the needy, family, friends, neighbours.family, friends, neighbours.

• Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual Congratulating each other, feasting and mutual visiting.visiting.



• Although the day of celebration is technically Although the day of celebration is technically for four continuous days, customarily in for four continuous days, customarily in Singapore, Singapore, hari raya haji hari raya haji celebrationcelebration is not as is not as grand as in other Muslim countries.grand as in other Muslim countries.



“And thus [it is]: unto every community have We appointed [sacrifice as] an act of worship, so that they may extol the name of God (Allah) over the sustenance He gave them from animals (fit for food) but your God is one God: submit then your wills to Him (in Islam) and give thou the Good News to those who humble themselves―…. “

(Qur’an: al-Hajj : 22 : 34)


Significance of the “Significance of the “animal animal slaughterslaughter.”.”

• Commemorate the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham Commemorate the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham and his family.and his family.

• EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON:EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON:




• EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON:EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON: Remembrance of God and teachings of His Prophets;Remembrance of God and teachings of His Prophets;




• EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON:EDUCATING MUSLIMS ON: Remembrance of God and teachings of His Prophets;Remembrance of God and teachings of His Prophets; Meaning of being Muslims who are committed, willing to Meaning of being Muslims who are committed, willing to

under trials with self-sacrifice in God’s way;under trials with self-sacrifice in God’s way;





under trials with self-sacrifice in God’s way;under trials with self-sacrifice in God’s way; Inculcation of gratefulness by appreciating the benefits of Inculcation of gratefulness by appreciating the benefits of

life animals which we have been permitted to partake as life animals which we have been permitted to partake as food; food;







Learning life-skills and mutual co-operation;Learning life-skills and mutual co-operation;







Learning life-skills and mutual co-operation;Learning life-skills and mutual co-operation; Serving God through serving fellow humans by providing Serving God through serving fellow humans by providing

them beginning with basic needs;them beginning with basic needs;


Q & AQ & Asessionsession

May Allah grant us all the May Allah grant us all the understanding…… Thank you!understanding…… Thank you!


Education

Muslim festivals[slideshare]