Seed production of cool season vegetables

Seed production of cool season vegetables

Ningappa kirasur2014-12-129Dept. of OlericultureCOH, Vellanikkara

Cabbage

Is a biennial crop for seed production

Requires chilling temperature of 4-8 °C for 40-60

days to initiate flowering

Highly cross pollinated crop .because protogyny

Isolation distance 1600m for foundation and 1000m

for certified seeds

Had a strongest self incompatibility

Contd….

The plants remain vegetative at a temperature range

of 14-23°C

Cabbage produce seeds in temperate areas only, but

not in the central plains

Growing of cabbage during summer result in

excessive stem elongation due to high temperature

High atmospheric humidity and heavy rainfall during

seed ripening, causes heavy loss of crop

Pest incidence

Cabbage butterfly: Pieris brassicae

Aphids : Brevicoryne brassicae

Management :

Spraying of 0.1% pyrethrins

Spraying of 0.2% malathion at

10-15 days intervals

Diseases

Sclerotinia rot: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Is most serious in the seed crop in the hills

Alternaria spot: Alternaria sp.

Management :

Foliar spray of 0.2% Dithane M-45

at an intervals of 10-15 days

At pre-bolting to seed maturity stage

Methods of seed production

1. Seed - seed method (Certified seed production)

2. Head - seed method (Breeder seed production)

Seed to seed method

The crop is allowed to over-winter

Produces seed in their original position

Where planted in the seedling stage

The crop is rouged out. based on leaf colour , head shape

Advantages:

More seed yield but less quality

Reduce cost of seed production

Head - seed method

Matured plants after head formation are uprooted,

based on foliage and head characters

The outer whorls of leaves are removed and,

Immediately planted in well prepared main field

Advantages:

Low seed yield but

Higher quality seeds

Stump method

Advantages: It gave extra income to farmers Crop matures 10-12 days earlier than head intact

method

Seed yield slightly higher

Dis-advantages: Flowering shoots are decumbent Requires heavy staking

Stump with central core intact method

Advantages:

Shoot is not decumbent

Heavy staking not required

Seed yield is slightly higher

Dis-advantages:

Chopped heads cannot

be marketed

Head intact method

Advantages:

Chopping of head on all sides not required

Save time and labour cost

Heavy staking is not required

Dis-advantages:

Lower seed yield as compared to

other methods

Carrot


It requires chilling temperature of 4.8 -10°C for 40-60


Very high inbreeding depression on selfing

Highly cross pollinated crop, because protandrous

nature of flower

Contd…

Pollen viable for 3-4 days before stigma receptivity

Isolation distance 1000m

Male sterility is also noticed in carrot

Seeds produced only in hilly areas of HP, J&K

High labor cost for emasculation and pollination

Incidence of pest and diseases

Seed - seed method

The annual carrot crop is sown during Sept - Oct in

the plains

Temperate carrot sown during Aug. - Sept. in the hills

The crop is allowed to grow and produce seeds in

their original position

Vigorous roguing should be practiced

Root - seed method

When the roots are fully matured the crop is harvested

True to type roots are selected for next planting

To cut 1/4th of root and 1/3rd of top

To obtain higher yield and quality seeds

Harvested roots are carefully rogued out for colour and

over sized roots were discarded

Contd…

Selected roots are replanted with a spacing of 60cm ×

30cm in well prepared field

Fertilizer should be applied 50kg nitrogen and potash

Irrigation is given immediately after planting

Subsequent roguing for off-types and other weeds

At full bloom stage

Contd…

Early and late bolters are to be removed

Advantages:

Low seed yield but

high quality seeds

Radish


It requires chilling temperature of 4-8 °C for 40-60


It is highly cross pollinated crop, because

protogynous nature of flower

Stigma receptive 2-3 days before anthesis

Contd…

Isolation distance 1000m

Temperature above 32°C results in dry stigma

Pollens might fails to germinate

Seed - seed method

Crop is sown during October in the plains

And in the hills during mid Sept. – Oct.

The crop is allowed to grow and

produce seeds in their original position

Vigorous roguing should be practiced

Root - seed method

When the roots are fully matured the crop is harvested

True to type roots are selected for replanting

To cut 1/4th of root and 1/3rd of top

To obtain higher yield and quality seeds

Harvested roots are carefully rogued out

Based on colour and over sized roots are discarded

Contd…

The selected roots are replanted at a spacing of 60cm

x 30cm for Asiatic varieties

Fertilizer were applied with N 80 kg/ha and K 15kg/ha

Irrigate the field immediately after planting of carrot

Potato


Do not flower under short day condition

Flowers were comparatively less at low temperature

Self incompatibility is also noticed in potato

Requires extra light of 4 hours during winter for flower

production in the plains

Contd…

Male sterility with few viable pollens for pollination

High labour requirement for emasculation and pollination

Less number of seeds per fruit

Is a self pollinated crop, but Some degree of cross

pollination due to protruded stigma

Higher aphid infestation on seed crop

Pollination in potato

Emasculation and pollination in potato

True Potato Seed (TPS)

True potato seed: means matured ovule developed in

potato as a result of sexual reproduction

Advantages:

Requires 100-150g seeds/ha

Traditional method with 2.5-3t/ha of seed tuber

Low cost of planting material

Easy transportation and no need of cold storage of seeds

Contd…

Reduce the spread of diseases from one place to other

places

Uniform germination of seeds

Uniformity in the maturation of crop

Seed tuber of 2.5-3 t/ha is used for human consumption

High yield than crop grown from seed tuber

Onion


Highly cross pollinated crop, due to protandry

Do not produce flowers under short day conditions

Isolation distance 1000m for foundation seed

And for certified seeds 400m

Roguing is done based on foliage colour, size of bulb and

colour of bulb

Seed - seed method

The first season bulb crop is left over winter in the field

To produce seed in the following season

The seed should not be used again for seed production.

Wide variation in bulb size

Roguing can not be practice in this method

Advantages

Higher seed yield

Production of seed

Less cost of seed production due to,

Eliminating of expenses for bulb harvesting and storage

Bulb - seed method

Rabi season harvested bulbs were selected and stored till

Oct. – Nov.

Storage temp. ranged from 4.5-14 °C for 4-6 months

Bulb selected for replanting should be free from diseases

Double and long thick neck bulbs are discarded

Select true to type bulbs for planting

Contd…

Select medium size bulb of 4-5 cm diameter with 40g

weight

The 1/3rd portion of bulb is cut for easy and quick

sprouting

Bulb should be disc like stem and root intact

Roguing is done based on foliage, bulb shape and neck

characters

THANK YOU

Education

Seed production of cool season vegetables