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BFA PPT Slide-06
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INTRODUCTION
Burns Caused by dry heat, extreme cold,
corrosive substances, friction, radiation or Sun’s rays.
Scalds Caused by wet heat from hot liquids
and vapours.
Type of burns CausesDry burn Flames
Contact with hot objects [Cigarettes]Friction [Rope burns]
Scald SteamHot Liquids
Chemical burn Industrial chemicals [Inhaled fumes]Domestic chemicals [Bleach]
Electrical burn Low voltage currentHigh voltage currentLightning strikes
Radiation SunburnOver-exposure to ultraviolet lampExposure to radioactive source
Cold injury FrostbiteContact with freezing metalsContact with freezing vapours
ASSESSING A BURN
Check:
Extent of burn
Depth of burn
Whether airway is affected
EXTENT OF BURN
Partial thickness burn of 1% or more must be referred to the doctor.
Partial thickness burn of over 9% will cause shock and need hospital treatment.
Any full thickness burns requires hospital treatment.
Children with any partial or full thickness burns need medical attention.
RULE OF NINES
Head: 9%
Left Arm: 9%
Right Arm: 9%
Upper Chest: 9%
Upper Back: 9%
Abdomen: 9%
Lower Back: 9%
Left Thigh: 9%
Right Thigh: 9%
Left Lower Leg: 9%
Right Lower Leg: 9%
Groin: 1%
DEPTH OF BURN
Superficial Burn Involves
outermost layer of skin
Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
DEPTH OF BURN
Partial Thickness Burn Destroys the epidermis
Blisters
Rawness
Redness
Painful
DEPTH OF BURN
Full Thickness Burn Casualty usually no longer feel any pain
All layers of skin are burnt
Pale or charred
Waxy
HOW DO BURNS AFFECT THE BODY?
When there is a burn on the casualty, his or her body loses its supply of fluids
causing dehydration and shock.
MINOR BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment Place injured part under cold running water
for at least 10 minutes. If water is not available, any cold harmless liquid such as milk. Gassy drinks are not recommended.
Gently remove any jewellery, watches, belts, or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.
MINOR BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment Cover injured area with clean, sterile and non-
fluffy material and bandage loosely.
DO NOT break blisters.
DO NOT apply adhesive tape to the skin.
DO NOT apply anything to the injured area. May damage tissues & increase risk of infection
SEVERE BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment Lay casualty down. Protect the burnt area from
contact with the ground as much as possible.
Douse the burn with plenty of cold liquid for at least 10 minutes, but must not delay the removal to hospital.
While cooling the burn, watch for signs of difficulty in breathing.
Treatment Gently remove rings, watches, belts,
shoes or smouldering clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.
Carefully remove the burnt clothing, unless it is sticking to the burn.
Cover the injury with a sterile dressing.
SEVERE BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment Reassure the casualty and treat for
shock if necessary.
Monitor & record breathing and pulse rate.
Call for an ambulance.
SEVERE BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment DO NOT overcool the casualty.
May cause hypothermia.
DO NOT remove anything sticking to the burn. May introduce bacteria, causing infection.
DO NOT touch, or otherwise, interfere with the injured area.
SEVERE BURNS & SCALDS
SEVERE BURNS & SCALDS
Treatment DO NOT burst any blisters.
DO NOT apply lotions, ointments, fats or adhesive tape to the injury.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns to the airway
Electrical burns
Chemical burns
Chemical burns to the eye
Flash burns to the eye
Sunburn
BURNS TO THE AIRWAY
When there is a burn on the face, within the mouth or throat,
The air passages will be inflamed and swollen.
Swelling will block the airway, causing suffocation.
Immediate and specialised medical aid is required.
BURNS TO THE AIRWAY
Recognition Soot around the nose or mouth
Singeing of nasal hair
Redness, swelling or burning of the tongue
Damaged skin around mouth
Hoarseness of voice
Breathing difficulties
Treatment Call for an ambulance.
Improve casualty’s air supply by loosening clothing.
Reassure casualty to keep him or her calm.
If unconscious, check for ABC.
Place casualty in recovery position.
BURNS TO THE AIRWAY
Recognition Unconsciousness
Full thickness burns with swelling, scorching & charring at both points entry and exit.
Signs of shock
Brown, coppery residue on the skin If casualty is victim of high voltage
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Treatment Make sure that contact with electrical source is
broken.
If unconscious, check for ABC.
Flood the sites of injury with plenty of cold water.
Place a sterile dressing over the burns.
Call for an ambulance
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Treatment Reassure casualty.
Treat for shock.
DO NOT approach a victim of high voltage electricity until you are officially informed that the current has been switched off and isolated.
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Recognition Evidence of chemicals
in the vicinity
Intense, stinging pain
Discoloration
Blistering
Peeling & Swelling
CHEMICAL BURNS
Treatment Make the area safe.
Ventilate the area.
Wear protective gloves.
Seal chemical container.
Remove casualty from the scene if necessary.
CHEMICAL BURNS
Treatment Flood the injury with water for at least 20
minutes to disperse the chemical and stop burning.
Remove any contaminated clothing.
Check for ABC.
Arrange removal to hospital.
CHEMICAL BURNS
Treatment NEVER attempt to neutralise the
acid or alkali burns unless trained to do so.
DO NOT delay starting treatment by searching for an antidote.
CHEMICAL BURNS
Recognition Intense pain in the affected eye.
Inability to open the affected eye.
Redness and swelling around the affected eye.
Copious watering of the affected eye.
Evidence of chemical substances or containers
in the immediate area.
CHEMICAL BURNS TO THE EYE
Treatment Place the affected eye under gentle
running water for at least 10 minutes.
Place a sterile pad over the eye.
Arrange for removal to hospital.
CHEMICAL BURNS TO THE EYE
Recognition Intense pain in the affected eye.
‘Gritty’ feeling the affected eye.
Redness and watering of the affected eye.
Sensitivity to light.
FLASH BURNS TO THE EYE
FLASH BURNS TO THE EYE
Treatment Reassure the casualty.
Place a sterile eye pad over the affected eye.
Bandage the eye pad in place.
Arrange for removal to hospital.
DO NOT remove contact lenses, if any.
SUNBURN
Recognition Most sunburns are superficial.
However, in severe cases, the skin is:
Lobster red in colour.
Blistered.
Casualty may suffer from heatstroke.
SUNBURN
Treatment Cover skin with light clothing.
Move casualty into the shade.
Cool casualty by soaking the affected
area in a cold bath for 10 minutes.
Give frequent sips of water.
SUNBURN
Treatment For mild sunburns, calamine or after-
sun lotion may soothe them.
If there is extensive blistering or other skin damage, seek medical aid.