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This presentation is an adaptation by me of information from The DK Handbook, Pearson Ed., 2009 regarding run-on sentences and their subsequent revision. It presents five different ways to correct run-ons.
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What is a run-on sentence?
A run-on sentence is… a sentence that consists of
two independent clauses that are connected
with punctuation that is unconventional or with no punctuation between them.
What is an independent clause?
An independent clause is one that…
stands by itself as a simple, complete sentence.
contains a subjectcontains a predicate (verb)
EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
John walks.
Cats and dogs sleep a lot.
The room was huge and airy.
The presidential elections caused much consternation for voters this year.
Types of run-on sentences
FUSED
There is NO punctuation between the two independent clauses
Obama was one of the candidates for U. S. president he won the election.
COMMA SPLICESThere is a COMMA placed between the two
independent clauses
Obama held his acceptance speech at Grant Park in Chicago, there were thousands ofadmirers in attendance at the event.
Is this a run-on sentence? Obama used the Internet to reach out to
many people, consequently many people voted for him.
YES! The word consequently is a conjunctive
(connecting) adverb which cannot be used to connect two independent clauses.
Sometimes comma splices are created in this way.
CORRECTING RUN-ONS USING CONVENTIONAL
PUNCTUATION
ONE
SEPARATE THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO TWO SENTENCES
TWO
JOIN THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH A SEMICOLON OR COLON
THREE
CONNECT THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH A COMMA AND A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
Coordinating conjunctions
FOUR
MAKE ONE OF THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO A DEPENDENT
CLAUSE A dependent clause cannot stand on its own.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Adjective clauses
Adverb clauses
Adjective clauses consist of RELATIVE PRONOUNS + PREDICATE
who used the Internet
which was on the Internet
that caused much consternation
whose use of the Internet
Adverb clauses consist ofSUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION +
SUBJECT + PREDICATE after Obama won the election
although the election caused much consternation
before people votedwhen Obama won
while the elections were going on
FIVE
RESTRUCTURE THE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO ONE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Turn one of the independent clauses into a phrase thatmodifies the subject in the other independent clause.
SUMMARYSeparate the two independent clauses into two
separate sentences by adding a period.
Use a colon or semicolon to connect one independent clause to the other.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to connect the two independent clauses.
Make one independent clause into a dependent clause by using relative pronouns or
subordinating conjunctions.
Restructure the independent clauses into one independent clause.
Adapted by K. Wykes from:
Wysocki, Anne Francis. The DK Handbook.
New York: Pearson Education, 2009.