Revision questions on Topic 2.1. From Molecules to Metabolism

Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology

Understandings, Applications and Skills

Understandings: Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances

involved. Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable

compounds to exist. Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and

nucleic acids. Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules

including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.

Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers

Applications and skills:• Application: Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living

organisms but can also be artificially synthesized.• Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a

generalized amino acid.• Skill: Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from

molecular diagrams.

Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com

http://www.stepsinbiology.com/

mailto:[email protected]


Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved

1. Explain the reductionist approach that molecular biologists use. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Explain how the reductionist approach contrasts the concept of emerging properties in biology. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized.

3. Urea is produced in the liver but is also produced artificially. Distinguish between the two processes and outline their purpose. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Define vitalism and explain how the artificial synthesis of urea falsified the theory of vitalism. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist.Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com




5. State the name of the bond shown with the arrow.

Figure 1: Methane http://www.gcsescience.com/Methane-Molecule.gif

6. Using information from question 6 state how many of these bonds may be formed by any carbon atom.……………………………………………………………………………………

7. Explain how the properties of carbon are related to the diversity of carbon compounds. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………




http://www.gcsescience.com/Methane-Molecule.gif


Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.8. Compare the basic features of the following macromoleculues

Name Participating elements

Building blocks Categories Functions in living organisms

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.





9. The carbon skeletons of a glucose and ribose molecule are given below. Based on the skeletons, draw the molecular formulas of the two molecules

10. Draw a saturated, unsaturated and a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Skill: Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from molecular diagrams.11. Identify the following chemical groups

R-O-H


FructoseGlucose




R-CH3

12. Identify which of following molecules is an amino acid, a fatty acid and a carbohydrate.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg/232px-L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg.png

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/linoleic/linoleic.gif

http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/molecules/fructose.png




http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/molecules/fructose.png

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/linoleic/linoleic.gif




13. Identify the following molecules

https://courses.washington.edu/conj/membrane/fattyacid.png


http://www.mathima.be/ftp/organischeverbindingen/glycerol.png

https://dlc.dcccd.edu/images/biology/lesson3/dipeptide.jpg




https://dlc.dcccd.edu/images/biology/lesson3/dipeptide.jpg

http://www.mathima.be/ftp/organischeverbindingen/glycerol.png




Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism.Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.

14. Define metabolism

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. State which of the following processes are mainly anabolic or catabolic

PhotosynthesisSynthesis of polypeptides at the ribosomesDigestion of proteinsCellular respiration

16. Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism

Anabolism Catabolism

Purpose

Types of reactions (e.g., hydrolysis, condensation)

Energetics (energy yield or consumption)

Examples





17. Study the following reaction

http://hammerstedt-amy-e-f.brsd.high.schoolfusion.us/modules/locker/files/get_group_file.phtml?gid=3418425&fid=26808529

(a) State the general chemical group of the reactants.

……………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State the name of the common chemical groups in all reactants.

……………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State whether this is an anabolic or catabolic reaction. Explain your choice

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) State whether this is a condensation or a hydrolysis reaction. Explain your choice

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………







18. State which of the following is a hydrolysis or a condensation reaction.


A: ……………………………………………………………………………………Β: ……………………………………………………………………………………C: ……………………………………………………………………………………







References:

Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.

Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 2.1 Molecules to metabolism” Web. 11 Nov 2016.<http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bio-k-dp-notes-21?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/21-molecules-to-metabolism.html>




http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bio-k-dp-notes-21?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/21-molecules-to-metabolism.html

http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bio-k-dp-notes-21?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/21-molecules-to-metabolism.html

Education

Revision questions on Topic 2.1. From Molecules to Metabolism