Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
Understandings, Applications and Skills
Understandings: Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances
involved. Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable
compounds to exist. Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids. Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules
including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers
Applications and skills:• Application: Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living
organisms but can also be artificially synthesized.• Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a
generalized amino acid.• Skill: Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from
molecular diagrams.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved
1. Explain the reductionist approach that molecular biologists use. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Explain how the reductionist approach contrasts the concept of emerging properties in biology. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized.
3. Urea is produced in the liver but is also produced artificially. Distinguish between the two processes and outline their purpose. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Define vitalism and explain how the artificial synthesis of urea falsified the theory of vitalism. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist.Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
5. State the name of the bond shown with the arrow.
Figure 1: Methane http://www.gcsescience.com/Methane-Molecule.gif
6. Using information from question 6 state how many of these bonds may be formed by any carbon atom.……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Explain how the properties of carbon are related to the diversity of carbon compounds. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.8. Compare the basic features of the following macromoleculues
Name Participating elements
Building blocks Categories Functions in living organisms
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
9. The carbon skeletons of a glucose and ribose molecule are given below. Based on the skeletons, draw the molecular formulas of the two molecules
10. Draw a saturated, unsaturated and a polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Skill: Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from molecular diagrams.11. Identify the following chemical groups
R-O-H
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
FructoseGlucose
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
R-CH3
12. Identify which of following molecules is an amino acid, a fatty acid and a carbohydrate.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg/232px-L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg.png
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/linoleic/linoleic.gif
http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/molecules/fructose.png
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
13. Identify the following molecules
https://courses.washington.edu/conj/membrane/fattyacid.png
https://courses.washington.edu/conj/membrane/fattyacid.png
http://www.mathima.be/ftp/organischeverbindingen/glycerol.png
https://dlc.dcccd.edu/images/biology/lesson3/dipeptide.jpg
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism.Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
14. Define metabolism
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. State which of the following processes are mainly anabolic or catabolic
PhotosynthesisSynthesis of polypeptides at the ribosomesDigestion of proteinsCellular respiration
16. Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism Catabolism
Purpose
Types of reactions (e.g., hydrolysis, condensation)
Energetics (energy yield or consumption)
Examples
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
17. Study the following reaction
http://hammerstedt-amy-e-f.brsd.high.schoolfusion.us/modules/locker/files/get_group_file.phtml?gid=3418425&fid=26808529
(a) State the general chemical group of the reactants.
……………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the name of the common chemical groups in all reactants.
……………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State whether this is an anabolic or catabolic reaction. Explain your choice
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State whether this is a condensation or a hydrolysis reaction. Explain your choice
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
18. State which of the following is a hydrolysis or a condensation reaction.
http://hammerstedt-amy-e-f.brsd.high.schoolfusion.us/modules/locker/files/get_group_file.phtml?gid=3418425&fid=26808529
A: ……………………………………………………………………………………Β: ……………………………………………………………………………………C: ……………………………………………………………………………………
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.1. Molecular Biology
References:
Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.
Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 2.1 Molecules to metabolism” Web. 11 Nov 2016.<http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bio-k-dp-notes-21?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/21-molecules-to-metabolism.html>
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http ://www.stepsinbiology.com