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Koya University

Faculty of Engineering

School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Department

Notes

To support students working

on their final year project

4th Stage

By

Farhad A. H. Khoshnaw

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Contents

Working on the Project .......................................................................2

General Project Style ..........................................................................3

Typographical Design .........................................................................4

Referencing ..........................................................................................6

Plagiarism ...........................................................................................13

Oral Presentation (Seminar) ............................................................13

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Working on the Project

Students are formally permitted to proceed to work leading to the completion of the project

once they have achieved the agreement from the head of the department. However, they are

encouraged to embark on the planning and background preparation as soon the topic area has

been agreed. Such initial preparatory work may include:

Clarification of objectives

Identification of key references

Background reading

Planning for data acquisition (surveys, external sources or fabricated data).

For the work itself, students will have normal right to the University library and computing

resources and to software and specialist equipment available as part of the course provision.

Funds are not normally available to help with the cost of surveys, equipment or other

resources. The programme tutor will provide details as they become available.

Students are expected to maintain a close contact with their supervisors. In the early stages of

the work, there are likely to be weekly meetings. Once satisfactory progress is being made,

contact may become less frequent with some meetings being replaced by e-mail or other

contacts. For work-based students, the supervisor will visit the student in the workplace at

least twice. It is desirable that a workplace mentor is also involved in these meetings so that

there is an ongoing commitment to the work from the employer.

The supervisor will advise on the content and structure of the work, on the technical aspects

and on the general progress and work schedule. The supervisor will also comment on draft

submissions. For one chapter, you can expect more detailed feedback relating to all aspects of

style, structure and content. However, for subsequent chapters, the feedback will be less

detailed. It is not the job of the supervisor to proof-read or rewrite your work.

For the project to succeed, it needs to be managed effectively. You will need to develop and

maintain a clear work programme. This should include appropriate milestones relating to, for

example, acquisition of key references; completion of review; planning of surveys or case

studies; development of analysis and evaluation; preparation of final draft; final submission

for binding.

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General Project Style

The form of presentation of the project will depend on the subject matter of the research work

and the approach and methodology adopted [e.g. experimentation, field studies, desk research

... etc.]. There are, however, certain conventions to be followed in all cases. The project

should include the following elements:

Preliminaries including title page; abstract; acknowledgement; table of contents; lists of

illustrations, charts, diagrams; list of tables as appropriate. The abstract should be typed in

single spacing and should not exceed one page.

The main text should comprise well-defined chapters and sub-sections. The introductory

chapter of the project should contain: a clear description of the problem or topic to be dealt

with; a statement of the aim and objectives of the work; the relevance of the problem in

the field of study; any necessary context and background to prepare the reader for the

more detailed content; and a summary of the difficulties encountered and the limitations of

the work. It should also outline the research design and the data sources and

methodologies used. The main chapters should contain a review of related literature, such

as the key references, standards and recent research. The original work carried out by the

student including any critical or analytical content and evaluation should then be

presented.

Conclusions should be provided at the end of the project, together with a note of

recommendations for future work.

A list of reference sources (with or without a bibliography) should be provided.

Appendices may be used to gather together supplementary materials such as copies of

questionnaires, supporting documents, raw data ... etc. Appendices, if included, should

appear at the end of the project.

It is expected that the project will be written concisely, with good technical style and

appropriate use of English. A typical length will be around 60 pages. Excessively long project

will not be accepted and students should consult their supervisor in cases where the main

content (excluding appendices) exceeds 100 pages.

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Typographical Design

Overall format: A4 single-sided paper.

Margins: Left - no less than 30mm[1.25 inch], others no less than 25mm[1 inch],

including page numbers.

Character size: No less than size 12 point type Times New Roman.

Line spacing: Text shall be 1.5 line spaced (excluding abstract).

Paragraphs: Flush left with one additional line space between paragraphs (use

justified).

Consistency: The same expression appears in the same form throughout the document.

Headings: No more than 4 levels may be used (as shown below); spacing with

preceding and subsequent text should be no less than that between

paragraphs.

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data collection methods

4.2.1 Requirement of the method

4.2.2 Duration of data collection

4.2.2.2 ........etc.

Figures: Illustrations should be professionally drawn. Lettering within illustrations

should be large enough that the smallest elements will still be clear and

legible. Titles should be provided at the bottom of the Figure (as shown

below). If a Figure is extracted from another source, the source should be

indicated at the foot of the Figure and included in the Reference List.

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Figure 4.3 Typical speed distributions from traffic field surveys

Tables: Should be clear and legible with the title at the top of the Table (as shown

below). ). If a Table is extracted from another source, the source should be

indicated at the foot of the Table and included in the Reference List.

Table 3.11 Typical tests and properties to be monitored for highway maintenance

Property Method

Longitudinal Profile / Ride Quality HRM / RSS

Rut Depth HRM / RSS

Transverse Profile RSS

Skid Resistance SCRIM

Equations: Should be clear, legible and numbered (as shown below).

Vt =Vs + [s2 /Vs] ......... equation 3.3

where,

Vt is the time mean speed

Vs is the space mean speed

s2 is the standard deviation ofVs.

Other notes: All pages should be numbered.

You are encouraged to use original photographs and clearly labelled

diagrams where these provide clarification or illustration to support the

text.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87

Velocity (m/s)

Fre

qu

ency

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Referencing

A vital aspect in preparing a project is the inclusion of accurate references and sources of

illustrations and tables. A general bibliography may also be provided.

When written information is obtained from books or articles it must not be simply repeated

word-for-word. Such individual quotes should take the following form:

Indirect quote

For example:

Earlier studies indicated that the general trends of ....(Howard, 1993).

However, a short quotation may be included if referenced. Short quotations, under four lines

of prose, should be placed in the body of the text and enclosed in quotation marks.

Direct quote (short)

For example: Howard (1993) showed that “the general trends in drivers ......”.

Longer quotations must be proceeded by a colon; they should be set off from the text and

indented and typed in single spacing. In this case, quotation marks should not be used.

Direct quote (long)

For example:

.....the general trends in drivers ....... (Howard, 1993, p.22)

In all cases, sources of arguments and facts gleaned from books and articles should be

acknowledged in the text by giving the surnames(s) of the author(s) and the date of

publication [e.g. Taylor and Young(1988) or if more than two authors, Prescott et al.(1990)].

In some cases it may be appropriate to indicate page numbers too [e.g. Salter(1988, pp.11-

32)].

If two or more books or articles by the same author(s) and from the same year are cited, the

labels a, b, c, ...etc. should be added to the year of publication [e.g. Wilson(1974a)].

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The references should be listed in full at the end of the project (in alphabetical order).

Material used in the project is likely to be obtained from a range of sources including books,

journals, reports, conferences ...etc. Below are some examples of how each reference should

be listed. Your reference list should include complete citations for only those references cited

in the text.

If the source is a Book / Thesis:

Chin, H.C. (1983) Descaling Using High Spray systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of

Southampton.

Nasr, GG. (2002) Industrial Sprays and Atomisation, First edition, ISBN 203045,

Springer Verlag.

If the source is a Journal Article:

Branston, D. (1976) Models of Distributions. Transportation Science, Vol. 10, No. 2,

May, pp. 125-148.

Mathews, D.H. and Maclean A.D. (1976) Management Operation, Management

Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 5, May, pp. 194-197.

If the source is a Research Report:

Lines, C.J. (1981) The Effect of Sprays. Hamworthy Combustion Research Laboratory,

Supplementary Report 707, Crowthorne.

If the source is a Conference paper:

Scale Formation in Iranian Oil Reservoir and Production Equipment during Water Injection,

Int. Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Paper No. 80406, Aberdeen, UK, Jan 2003. Scale

Prediction and Remediation for Deep Water Field, Int. Symposium on Oilfield Scale,

Aberdeen, UK, Jan 2003.

Kenneth. G., McDonough .A. (2001) Hard Scale Removal in West Texas. Schlumberger

Oilfield Services, Proceedings of the Annual Southwest Petroleum Short Course, Society of

Petroleum Engineers, USA. ,Page 141-147.

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If the source is an Unpublished Work:

Immers, L.H. (1980) Simulation Performance. Delft University of Technology,

Proceedings of the 12th UTSG Conference, (unpublished), University of Newcastle

Upon Tyne.

There are several particulars on the presentation of references which are evident from the

examples above:

The author’s name(s) is clearly shown on the left.

The year is shown after the author’s name.

The title of books, research journals and theses are underlined, but not the title of papers or

chapters.

The place of publication proceeds the publisher’s name.

In case of journals, the volume number is given, followed by page references to the paper

or article concerned.

There is a clear convention for punctuation which must be adhered to.

When material is unpublished, it should be clearly stated.

For references drawn from the internet, the referencing convention needs to ensure that the

following details are provided where possible: Author(s) name (if applicable); title with a

brief description; World Wide Web (www) address; Date of publication, if known and Date

of access. This information should be presented on a separate page, after the list of

references. Typical examples follow:

Internet World Wide Web URL

Product Information Summary, Messina Inc. Stimulation Scale Inhibitors, Stimulation/

Production Chemicals http://www.messina-oilchem.com/Stimulation/Stimulation-SI.html,

08th

November 2000, (Accessed 9th

September 2002).

Ecobiotec Limited (2000), Microbial Control of Paraffin, Scale, Corrosion and Emulsion.

Santa Cruzde la Sierra, Bolivia,www.ecobiotec.com, January 2000. (Accessed 30th

Sep

2002).

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5.4 Layout and binding

Candidates are required to submit two copies of the project, which shall become the property

of the University and must be spiral bounding in black. The front cover should be printed

with the title of the project, candidate name and year of submission.

It is expected that no more than one volume will be required, but in exceptional cases where

there are two volumes, the volume number in the format Vol. I of II ...etc. shall be shown

after the title of the project.

Example of Title Page

Underbalanced Drilling Technology

JOHN R. SMITH

School of Computing, Science and Engineering

University of Salford

This project is submitted in part fulfilment of the

requirements for the Bsc degree in petroleum engineering

2013-2014

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Example of Declaration Statement

DECLARATION

“I, John Smith, declare that this project is my own work.

Any section, part or phrasing of more than 20 consecutive

words that is copied from any other work or publication has

been clearly referenced at the point of use and also fully

described in the reference section of this project.”

“Signed ......................................................................”

ii

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Example of List of Contents

CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii

ABSTRACT iv

NOMENCLUTRE v

ABBREVIATIONS VI

CHAPTER ONE - (Title) 1

1.1 (headings & sub-headings) 1

1.2 (headings & sub-headings) 3

CHAPTER TWO - (Title) 4

2.1 (headings & sub-headings) 4

2.2 (headings & sub-headings) 5

2.2.1 (headings & sub-headings) 6

2.2.2 (headings & sub-headings) 8

2.2.3 (headings & sub-headings) 10

(and so on)

REFERENCES

Appendices: 105

APPENDIX A 119

APPENDIX B 124

(could be several pages)

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Example of List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Page No.

Figure 2.1 (Title) 7

Figure 2.2 (Title) 9

Figure 3.1 (Title) 23

Figure 3.2 (Title) 26

Figure 3.3 (Title) 27

Figure 3.4 (Title) 31

(and so on)

(could be several pages)

Example of List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Page No.

Table 3.1 (Title) 24

Table 3.2 (Title) 26

Table 4.1 (Title) 42

Table 4.2 (Title) 43

Table 4.3 (Title) 48

Table 5.1 (Title) 56

(And so on)

(Could be several pages)

Note: You may also include a list of symbols, abbreviations and glossary of terms.

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Plagiarism

Students are reminded that you are not permitted to present work done by others and claim it

as your own. To do so constitutes a serious instance of unfair practice. You are required to

familiarise yourself with the University‟s policy and guidelines on plagiarism.

The guidelines advise that, in order to comply with the fundamental requirement that all

contents of the project are original, students must ensure that:

a) Words, phrases and passages taken verbatim from a published work be placed

in quotation marks and the source acknowledged

b) Quotations take the form of brief extracts which focus on the point.

It is acceptable to summarise or paraphrase an author‟s words but the source of such

summary must be properly acknowledged.

Oral Presentation (Seminar)

Once the project is substantially complete, but before the final formal submission, students

will be required to give an oral presentation of the work. This will allow the student to

demonstrate effective communication skills, in line with the criteria for assessment. It will

also provide a further opportunity for feedback before the final submission. The presentation

should last between 15 and 20 minutes with up to a further 10 minutes for questions.

Presentations may be supported by visual aids, but you should liaise with the head of

department if special facilities need to be provided.

There will be opportunity for a „dry-run‟, presenting to other students in the group. The

presentation itself will be assessed by a panel comprising the supervisor and moderator. They

will be basing their assessment on

Logical structure;

Effective delivery;

Good use of visual aids;

Familiarity with the topic;

Ability to respond to questions.