1. Prevention Strategies for Dependency Angela Johnson | Substance Abuse RUNNING HEAD: Prevention Strategies for Dependency 1

2. Reoccurring substance use in situations in which it causes harm to self or others Those with substance abuse often exhibit a pattern of harmful use of any substance for the purpose of its mood altering effects. Substance abuse is usually manifested through a pattern of use that leads to impairment or distress. The most common symptoms or indications of those who have substance abuse may show one or more of the following within a twelve month period: Prevention Strategies for Dependency 2 According to the DSM-IV-TR: Continued substance use despite having persistent or frequent social or problems caused by or as a result by the effects of the substance Continuous and recurrent substance-related legal problems Individuals with Substance Abuse often exhibit one or more of the following: (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)

3. An individual with substance dependence has a pattern of reoccurring substance abuse and has a failure to fulfill any or major obligations at work, or at home. Prevention Strategies for Dependency 3 Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous Recurrent substance-related legal problems continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substance Tolerance to substance in that it takes more product to experience euphoria Physical withdrawal in which the host experiences negative health from not taking substance: night sweats, tremors, nausea, palpitations, muscle tension. According to the DSM-IV-TR: Individuals with A Substance Dependency will often exhibit one or more of the following: (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)

4. What is Polypharmacology? Prevention Strategies for Dependency 6 Taking One Drug To Enhance Another Mixing Drugs To Mask the Effects of The Other Enhancing a euphoric state by mixing two drugs Often substance abusers often will practice taking a second drug to counter react the effects of the first drug [Argosy online, 2013]. This is a dangerous practice as the consequences of such practices usually bring harm to the individual with potential to leading to serious long term illness or death as a result of abuse.

5. 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 010101 0100 101 1011 101010 101010 1010 00011 10101 0011 110 1001 001 Prevention Strategies for Dependency 5 Amongst the most important strategies to prevent substance abuse is early prevention and education. The US Department of Justice has established specific educational and support programs which include the following: (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2013) Early prevention is crucial towards stopping the threat of future adult substance dependency. The program is aimed at encouraging dialog and helping teens understand the risk of using drugs. Teaching Prevention in Schools | Meth 360 Online teaching program about the effects that meth has on family, friends and the community. Addresses concerns and seeks to stop the spread of the use and manufacture of this drug in local communities. Meth 360 | Educating Communities Programs aimed at helping and supporting parents of substance abuse issues concerning their children. Parents 360 | Support for Parents

6. 6 (; Prevention Strategies for Dependency 7 Essentially the best treatment plan would include what is in the best interest for the individual who is needing help for their substance abuse or dependency. Factors that will determine care will require a support system of medical personnel to work with the individual or family to best determine success.

7. The most important concentration of helping someone with substance issues to address and provide the following criteria: DETOXIFICATION | he or she will need time to detox WITHDRAWAL ISSUES| Potential of extreme side effects EMOTIONAL SUPPORT | Needs for human interaction BASIC NEEDS| Focus on health and well being FOCUS ON POSTIVE THINKING PROMOTE LONG TERM SUCCESS Prevention Strategies for Dependency 8

8. Individual Individual Counseling Focuses on working to develop coping skills and on emotional needs of individual. Also best utilized with behavioral therapy. Groups Group Counseling Social reinforcement is offered through peer discussion. Although moderately effective, it is best utilized with behavioral therapy. Outpatient Outpatient A person may elect to seek treatment outside of a facility like in such programs as AA, however chances in recidivism is higher without means for detoxification. Residential Short or Long Term Residential Treatment The individual resides in a facility and is exposed to a modified twelve step program. Usually the most successful form of treatment. Prevention Strategies for Dependency 4 Types of Treatment Programs for Substance Abuse or Dependency (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012)

9. Department of Justice. (2000, September). www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Retrieved from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/docs/psrsa.pdf Bureau of Justice Assistance. (2013) pact360.org. Retrieved from http://pact360.org/programs/meth360 Argosy University. (2013). www.argosyuniversity.com. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com/ National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2012, December). www.drugabuse.gov. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/