National Sharing Workshop of the Study on “ Mainstreaming Of Disaster Risk Reduction into GoB Schemes on Water

and Sanitation: Gap Analysis and Way Forward”

Organized by: DMRD, MoFDM & NARRI

DPHE AuditoriumDate: 12 August, 2012

The NARRI Consortium

• Eight International NGOs (Action Aid, CARE, Concern Worldwide, Concern Universal, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Oxfam, Plan International and Solidarities International) & Two Technical Partners (Handicap International and HealAge International) have come together and formed a consortium called National Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response Initiatives (NARRI).

• NARRI tends to enhance overall resilience of local communities vulnerable to natural and human induced hazards.

• To provide comprehensive and more durable programme impact: sustainability of action.

• To incur cost effective programme delivery: economics of scale.

• Diverse experience and complementary efforts: specialized technical expertise of member organizations.

Why NARRI?

The Journey of NARRI So Far

• NARRI with financial support of DFID and ECHO has implemented / current implementing 5 projects on DRR & Emergency response / recovery worth approximate 300 Crore BDT benefitting more than 1 million people in 13 districts since its inception (just a year and half ago)

• NARRI has close working relationship with DMRD, MoFDM, Ministry of health, Ministry of Education, CDMP, DMB etc.

• NARRI is on its way to set an excellent example not only in Bangladesh but also in South Asia as far as working in a consortium approach successfully

• A national sanitation goal of achieving “100 % sanitation by 2013” has been set by the Government of Bangladesh

• Yet both MDG Progress Report 2009 & Global Assessment Report 2010 (GAR II 2010) indicate MDG achievement of WatSan in Bangladesh needs extra attention

• The recurrent & intensifying impacts of Disasters & Climate Change are putting strain on WatSan facilities - a reality that is not reflected accurately in the current reporting and/or research work.

Bangladesh: The WatSan Scenario

• Most far-reaching WatSan programmes in the country don’t include disaster resilience features - WatSan facilities are damaged away every time a disaster strikes but not repaired or rebuilt as desired

• Despite countries’ diverse geographical charactaristics and vulnerability to natural hazards, provision under WatSan facilities remain the same – e.g. provision of 3 rings & 1 slab for hard to core poor for sanitation

• Inadequate monitoring and reporting about the functioning of the existing WatSan facilities specially in post disaster scenarios

Bangladesh: The WatSan Scenario

• Despite the existence of Policy & Legal provisions, DRR mainstreaming into development including WatSan has not been translated into action as desired

• Thus a study was commission by NARRI

– To ensure WatSan programme of the GoB are disaster resilient

– To complement commitment of the GoB towards achieving the MDG number 7 on ‘Ensuring Environment Sustainability’ & priority 4 under the HFA on ‘Reduce the Underlying Risk Factors’.

Why a Study on WatSan?

• To establish evidence based learning for the need of DRR mainstreaming into selected rural focused WatSan programme of the GoB in view of achieving relevant MDG targets & HFA priority

• To identify to what extent the GoB policies of mainstreaming DRR are implemented through the project cycle operation of WatSan projects, gaps and their reasons, and

• To find out probable ways to minimize those gaps and ensure mainstreaming of DRR into WatSan projects in compliance with the GoB policy suggestions.

Objective of the Study

Through a Gap analysis the study has identified:

• Gaps in the achievement of MDG in light of DRR and HFA

• Gaps in the existing policy implementation of GOB for mainstreaming WASH in DRR

Based on the findings, the study has:

• Brought out some important findings and recommendations towards mainstream DRR in WatSan

• Practical tools and guidelines (built on existing resources) to support

DRR mainstreaming into WATSAN programme of GoB

Study Outcome

Thank You

Outline of the Presentation

Assessment Basis

Anticipatory Risk of CC

Current Risk

Exposure to Hazard

Vulnerability of existing WatSan

WS Disaster Risk

Coping Capacity

Related to Content Inclusion of both disaster

risk reduction & consequence management options

Related to Process Application of participatory

disaster risk assessment & planning process of project development

Promotion of decentralized community participatory & self-reliant process

Inclusion of participatory monitoring & evaluation.

Related to Content Inclusion of both disaster

risk reduction & consequence management options

Related to Process Application of participatory

disaster risk assessment & planning process of project development

Promotion of decentralized community participatory & self-reliant process

Inclusion of participatory monitoring & evaluation.

Major GoB Policy Suggestions towards WSDRR

Major GoB Policy Suggestions towards WSDRR

Case Study - SRWSP - GoB-Unicef SHEWA-B project

Data Gathering

- Literature and documents review

- key informant interview,

- direct observations,

- focused group discussions,

- cluster wise WatSan Resource and Risk mapping,

- Role performance scoring

Three Field Areas - Kazipur Upazila of Sirajganj,

exposed to flood 2007 - Satkhira Sadar Upazila of

Satkhira exposed to flood 2011 - Sariatpur Upazila of Sariatpur

exposed to Sidr 2007

Respondents-A total of 364 persons covering National, Upazila, Union and Ward/Village level stakeholders engaged as respondents

Methodology

Methodology

Validation of report through a panel review workshop inviting senior experts from DPHE, Planning ministry, LGD

Damage Floods Cyclone

1998 2004 2007 Sidr 2007 Aila 2009Total damage (Crore TK) 11,41

913,450 7,253 11,557 1,885

% of GDP 5.7% 4.04% 1.53% 2.45 .31%Infrastructure loss (% of total loss)

50.6% 74.4% 61.6% 63.3% 84.3%

Agriculture loss (% of total loss)

49.4% 25.6% 38.4% Info Gap Info Gap

Source: SFYP Part 3: Statistical Annex and Technical Framework; pp. 26-27

"BIDS has conducted an expenditure tracking study (Islam, Nabiul. 2011) on disaster risk reduction and found that only major floods and cyclones have caused average 3.5% negative influence on national GDP".

Damage to Economic Sectors Due to Major Disaster

Pushback of Sanitation: Kazipur• 43% rural HHs had access to

improved latrine in 2007 (BDHS)

• 81.04% HHs had access to improved sanitation as of June 2009 (DPHE)

• 60% HHs have access to hygienic latrine as of September 2011 (SHEWA –B mapping findings)

• Presently 31% HHs using unhygienic latrine while 9% HHs have no latrine.

• 100% HHs had access to hygienic latrine as of June 2009 (DPHE)

• By August 2011, (before the flood) due to normal damage coverage reduced to 88%

• At present 61% HHs have access to hygienic latrine

• At present 23.33% HHs using unhygienic latrine & 15% HHs have no latrine

Pushback of Sanitation: Satkhira

• Before Sidr coverage was 81%

• As of June 2009 had 100% sanitation coverage (DPHE)

• 80% HHs use hygienic latrine (SHEWA-B Mapping) As of December 2011

• At present 11% HHs use unhygienic latrine while 9% HHs have no latrine

Pushback of Sanitation: Sariatpur

MDG & GoB Target of Population’s Access to

Safe Drinking Water requires acceleration of

yearly coverage rate from 0.40% to 0.55%

• MDG Target of Population’s Access to Improved Sanitation requires acceleration of yearly coverage rate from 0.75% to 3.55%

• GoB Target of Population’s Access to Improved sanitation requires acceleration of yearly coverage rate from 0.75% to 22.10 %

Challenge to achieve WatSan MDG

Government of Bangladesh has very strong and progressive policy suggestions for mainstream DRR into any WatSan Development Project/Programme but there are ample gaps between policy suggestions and their executions .

GoB Policy Suggestions

Content•Inclusion of both Risk Reduction and Consequence Management

Process•Apply Participatory DRA and Planning Process of Project Development•Promotion of Decentralized Community Participatory Self-reliant Process•Inclusion of Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

DRR into WatSan: GoB Policy & Their Execution

Reasons Behind Gaps for Policy Implementation

• Lack of conceptual clarity on WSDRR

• Inadequate integration of DRR in WS sector policies and plans

• Absence of policy accorded strategy

• Absence of methodological guide

• Lack of tools

• Inadequate capacity development input

• Deficit of required person power and financial resources

• Inadequate readiness to offer disaster resilient hardware options

Way ForwardBuild Conceptual Clarity on WSDRR

•Both LGD & DPHE should develop & introduce a conceptual framework & definitions of WSDRR.

•WS Wing of LGD to develop a shared conceptual understanding among national level staff at LGD and DPHE

Integrate DRR in WS Sector Policies & Plans

•LGD should develop a National WatSan DRR Plan & Policies in coordination with other relevant ministries such as MoA, MoE, MoWR, MoHFW

•In compliance with NPDM, PSU of LGD should include criteria related to ‘Project Design Approach’ in VGWP-2009 & use it for DPP design.

•PEC can use this revised VGWP for DPP appraisal.

Develop and Introduce Policy Accorded Strategies

•LGD should develop a geo-hazard specific Rural WSDRR strategy in coordination with relevant ministries such as MoA, MoE, MoWR, MoHFW & Bangladesh Geological Survey

Making Methodological Guides Available for -

•Coordinated intervention sharing framework for ministries and departments dealing with WatSan and DM

•Resource & service mobilization guidelines for Union and Upazila level committees

•Multi-stakeholder strategic planning & coordinated operation at Upazila level;

•Operation and Maintenance (O&M);

•Planning guidelines for special regions & context such as Char, Haor and Coastal

Way Forward

• DPHE should develop and introduce detail methodology of:

–Participatory assessment and planning process for WSDRR project development;

–Decentralized community participatory and self-reliant process;

–Participatory monitoring and evaluation.

• IMED has a proactive role to play and provide technical support to DPHE in developing systematic and effective Result Based M&E involving participatory methodology

Way Forward

Have required tools in place

•Planning Commission should develop and introduce a revised DPP pro-forma that encourages inclusion of DRR objectives, strategies and activities in design and appraisal.

•LGD to develop and WS contextualized CRA and RRAP tool in collaboration with CDMP.

•MoFDM & DMB to prepare and introduce revised SOS and D-Form include Sanitation Damage and Needs Assessment.

•DPHE to develop and introduce result based tools for project M&E. IMED to provide technical support.

Way Forward

Design & Deliver Adequate Capacity Development Input

•WS wing of LGD/NILG/DPHE: Design, plan and roll out training programmes by which staff at national and local level have adequate understanding and skills on:

–Concepts and principles of WSDR; in accordance with national, regional and International polices

–Facilitating multi-stakeholder participatory process of CRA , RRAP of WatSan; RRAP implementation, M&E

–Design and implement effective training programmes for stakeholders involved;

–Sustainable organizational development of Union and Upazila WS committees;

Way Forward

Allocate required person power and financial resources

•LGD should allocate adequate fund and accordingly align with its ADP and MTBF for:

• Pre-DPP design activities such as, CRA and RRAP;

•LGIs WSDRR plan implementation

•Operation and Maintenance

•capacity development of staff at national and local level.

Get ready to offer disaster resilient hardware options

•DPHE should design and implement a DPP for developing a catalogue of geo-hazard suitable appropriate disaster resilient hardware options.

Way Forward

Opportunities Can be Tapped •Conducive policy environment

• Increasing emphasize of most of the donors / development partners on DRR mainstreaming

•ECNEC decision

•Some useful tools

•Existing training facilities & resources

•Some hardware options applied

•Comprehensive structure of local WatSan & DM Committees

•SHEWA-B facilitation model

Provisions Can be Brought into a DPP

• Community Mobilization and Awareness Creation on WSDRR;

• Community Risk Assessment and CAP for WSDRR;

• Community Management Capacity Development;

• O&M of installed hardware facilities, especially cyclone and flood shelter as well as other community places;

• Arsenic Testing Facility in Each of the Upazila DPHE;

• Inbuilt component of R&D for disaster resilient WatSan Technologies;

• Promotion of local innovations.

Provisions Can be Brought into a DPP

• Key recommendations

• DRR into WSS: mainstreaming framework

• Opportunities for bridging the gaps

• Provisions can be brought into a DPP

• Tools could be useful

• Inventory of useful training and IEC resources

• Concerns deserve attention in future

Please have a

look into following

sections of the detail

report

Conclusions

• Water and Sanitation is more critical than hospitals for the human health and other wellbeing.

• Achievements of Rural WatSan are facing a snatching risk by disasters, denotes an unavoidable need of Disaster Resilient WatSan Promotion.

• Bangladesh is a disaster prone as well as the most vulnerable country to climate change. It is one of the Asian countries lauded for its significant achievement in Disaster Consequence Management.

• Global-local context offers us a vigorous opportunity to be the champion of Disaster Resilient WatSan Promotion

Thank You