Presentation knowledge cities through ‘open design studio’ educational projects

Knowledge Cities Through ‘Open Design Studio’ Educational

Projects:The Case Study of Jeddah City

Dr. Khaled Ali YoussefDept. of Architecture,

Faculty of Environmental Design,King Abdul Aziz University, KSA

[email protected]

Dr. Amro A. TaibahDept. of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Design,King Abdul Aziz University, KSA

[email protected]

KCs Through ‘OPEN DESIGN STUDIO’ Educational Projects

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1- Introduction

• Motivation• Scope and Limitations• Aim and Objectives

2- KCs Open Design Studio (ODS)

• Formation of KCs ODS• ODS Development Model• Activities and Outcomes

3- Discussion

4- Conclusion

Introduction

Motivation

Scope and Limitations

Aim and Objectives

KCs Open Design Studio

(ODS)

Formation of KCs ODS

ODS Development

Model

Activities and Outcomes

Discussion

Conclusion

Dr. Amro A. Taibah Dr. Khaled Ali YoussefFaculty of Environmental DesignKing Abdul Aziz University, KSA

Slide 2

INTRODUCTION1



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 4

The spread of computation and ‘Information and communication technologies’ (ICTs) affected the methods of communication; and therefore affecting the life patterns of people, reshaping the built environment, and radically changing the profile of the city.

As cities of the past were built along railroads, waterways and interstate highways, “Cities of the 21st century will be built along information highways; broadband communications links, playing together with the digital age smart and sustainable communities a central role in the rebirth of civilization in the 21st century” (Eger, 2001).

ICTsMethods

of Communication

Life patterns

ofpeople

ReshapingThebuilt

environment

Changingthe

profileof the City


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 5

What is Economy?In modern economies, there are four main sectors of economic activities ..

Modern Economic Activities

1st Sector

Theextraction

andproduction of raw materials,

such as:corn, coal,

woodand iron.

2nd Sector

Transformation of raw or

intermediate materials into

goods e.g. manufacturing steel into cars, or textiles into

clothing.

3rd Sector

The provisionof services

to Consumers

andbusinesses, such

as:cinema and

banking.

4th Sector

Involves the research

and development

needed to produce

products from natural

resources.


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 6

Where is Knowledge?

Knowledge lies in: • The project outputs.• The people.• The processes .• The connections or the relationships between the actors.• The intellectual assets and tools developed .

“… In today's knowledge-based economy, what you earn depends on what you learn …” (Bill Clinton)


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Key Ingredients of a KC


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Why Knowledge Cities?• The 21st century is identified as the ‘Century of Cities’ (Landry, 2000), ‘Century of Knowledge’ (Sakaiya,’ 1999) or the ‘Century of Learning’ (Longworth, 1999).

• Over 50% of GDP in an increasing number of industrialized countries moved consistently from material-based to be knowledge-based.

• Currently there are 65 urban development programs worldwide managed to be formally termed KCs .

• KCs offer Influential opportunities, including: competitiveness, prosperity, leadership, economic growth, increasing capital investments, lifecycle savings, innovative conservation of resources, and strong dynamics of innovation across all economic and social sectors.

Motivation .. 3 WHYs …


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Why Jeddah City?• Jeddah is a Saudi Arabian city located on the Red Sea coast and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia, with a population of 3.4 million.

•It is the largest city in Mecca Province, the second largest city in Saudi Arabia, the largest sea port on the Red Sea; handling about 29.98% of Saudi Arabia's commercial movement.

•Jeddah is a center for businesses with 320 commercial establishments; approximately 21% of all centers in Saudi Arabia.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Why Jeddah City?•It is the principal gateway to Mecca, Islam’s holiest city, which able-bodied Muslims are required to visit at least once in their lifetime.


•For over 1000 years, Jeddah has received millions of pilgrims and Umrah performers of different backgrounds; from Africa, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Some remained and became residents to make the city more ethnically and culturally diverse.

•It is the most liberal and tolerant of all Saudi Arabian cities, and can be considered the primary resort of Saudi Arabia.


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 11

Why Jeddah City?•The historical area of Jeddah, or Al-Balad, with its traditional multi-storey buildings and merchant houses, continues to shape the identity of the Saudi culture, and attract both Saudis and foreigners. • Jeddah contains a large number of modern open-air sculptures and works of art along the ‘courniche’ and major spines, making the city one of the largest open-air art galleries in the world. Sculptures include works by a variety of artists and international stars such as Jean/Hans Arp, César Baldaccini, Alexander Calder, Henry Moore, Joan Miró and Victor Vasarely.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean/Hans_Arp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Baldaccini

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Baldaccini

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Calder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Vasarely

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Vasarely


INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 12

Why Jeddah City?•For the knowledge base, King Abdul Aziz University (KAU), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), and the Hajj research center, formulate in their totality the knowledge spine of Jeddah City region.

•As for the accessibility, Jeddah is served by King Abdul Aziz International Airport, which has four terminals: the Hajj terminal, the southern terminal, the northern terminal, and the royal terminal, as well as a strong and continuously developed street network.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 13

Why Jeddah City?Summing up, and based of Berg’s 7 foundations of KCs and Florida’s vision concerning the capacity to attract, hold and maintain creative individuals, one can argue that the city of Jeddah has the economic, knowledge, historical, cultural, spatial and temporal potentials, and the access to local and non-local markets; especially to the markets in Mecca and Medina.

…….. The potentials of the multi-ethnic, culturally diverse, maritime gate city to become a KC promoted it to be the case of this study.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 14

Why via educational projects in an ‘Open Design Studio’ (ODS)?

•Design studio is expected to provide an environment for collaboration, instructiveness, openness, interactivity, experimentation and cooperative learning.

•Within this creative environment, rich and sophisticated subject areas, such as the capacity of Jeddah to be a KC, can be better investigated.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 15

Why via educational projects in an ‘Open Design Studio’ (ODS)?

•Students of different backgrounds and cultures, with no fixed references or preconceived notions, were argued to add a lot to the equation, especially in the brain storming phase.

•The multi-disciplinary nature of the studio is argued to make the debate wealthier and open the door for perception wide.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 16

The experiment can be looked at, from three different angles, as:1. A methodology to investigate the real capabilities of Jeddah

to become a KC; providing precise visions and particular procedures; i.e. the end product is of extreme importance.

2. A methodology to allow for multidisciplinary education; i.e. the value added to the educational settings is the most important.

3. A tool to investigate the capabilities of educational projects in catalyzing the concept of KCs, raising awareness and providing provisional solutions; i.e. the process is the most significant.

… Despite these three aspects seem exciting and worthy to be scientifically analyzed and evaluated, this paper will focus only on the third aspect.



INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 17

The aim of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of educational planning and design projects as a catalyst to induce a KC. For the aim of the research to be attained the following objectives are to be accomplished:

1. Reviewing the formation and implementing of the KCs ODS.

2. Experience analysis, evaluation and assessment.3. Arguing the significance of educational planning

and design project as a catalyst to KCs.4. Identifying future directions.

Aim and Objectives:

KCs OPEN DESIGN STUDIO (ODS)2



KCs OPEN DESIGN STUDIO

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 19

Formation of KCs ODSSpecializations:Three specializations in the Faculty of Environmental Design include: - Urban and Regional Planning - Architecture - Landscape Architecture

Staff Members: - Dr. Amro A. Taibahh, Dean Dept. of Landscape Architecture KCs World Summit Executive Committee - Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dept. of Architecture - Prof. Abdel-Mohsen Farahat Dept. of Landscape Architecture - Dr. Youssef Neyazi, Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning - Dr. Mamdouh Sobeihy Dept. of Landscape Architecture

Students: - 4 students Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning - 10 students Dept. of Architecture - 1 student Dept. of Landscape Architecture



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 20

ODS Development ModelPhase 1:Brain Storming (1 Semester)

Phase 2:Design and Implementation (2 semesters)

Phase 3:Assessment (1 semester)



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 21

Phase 1:Brain StormingObjectives include: building a solid background, the transfer of basic knowledge, analyzing case studies, investigating the local context, sketching primary visions, identifying needed projects, and making detailed designs.

The purpose of detailed designs was to allow students achieve the design skill they should gain, and to provide a better view of the subject area to external parties; e.g. private sector, NGOs, and governmental bodies.



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 22

Phase 2:Design and Implementation More coherent and realistic visions and strategic directions are targeted through the participation of interested, responsible, and professional bodies.



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 23

Phase 3:AssessmentThe whole experience is to be assessed; identifying important achievements, gains, strengths and weaknesses, and directions for future development.



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Activities and OutcomesPhase 1:Brain Storming



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 26

SOWT Analysis of Jeddah CityIn the light of the 7 Foundations of a KCProposed by Berg et al. (2005):

Knowledge BaseEconomic BaseAccessibilityQuality of lifeUrban diversityUrban scaleSocial equity



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 27

1- Knowledge BaseAnalysis of Existing Universities and Research Centers

. KAU - KAUST

. CBA

. Ibn sina

. Batarjee

. Dar al Hekma

. Arab Open University

. Effat

. Media Center

. Medical Center

. Environmental Studies

. Water Research Centre

. King Faisal Center Specialist Hospital Research

S W- Availability and diversity universities.- Availability of research centers .

- Shortage in libraries, up to date technology, educational media and incubators.-No educational museums - Weak private sector support.

O T- Shortage in ICT services.- Shortage in international language culture .- Arabic resources are weak .

- availability of budget .- sending students abroad to study on governmentsalary .



Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 28

1- Knowledge BaseWorld and Regional Ranking of KAU



Introduction

Motivation


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(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 29

2- Economic BaseHighlighting the Economic Potentials of Jeddah City

S W- Important international sea port - Jeddah as a commercial center . - investing in the tourism section .- Location as a gateway to the holy mosques.

- Shortage in the industry section.- Shortage in relation between private and public sector .

O T- unemployment.- employing foreigners (82%).

-youth-capital



Introduction

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Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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2- Economic BasePotentials of Jeddah Port The need for more Jobs



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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2- Economic BaseMulti-ethnic labor force The share of trade in the total economic activities



Introduction

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(ODS)


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Model


Discussion

Conclusion


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2- Economic BaseChallenges facing the economic sector in Jeddah



Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 33

3- AccessibilityAirports, transportation, traffic.. etc

S W- King Abdul Aziz airport .-Islamic port.-New Airport

- Shortage in infrastructure .- Shortage in mass transportation .- Shortage in taxi quality .- Rare pedestrian movement .

O T- Car traffic . - Women driving .

- train station - ICT .- King Abdullah airport .



Introduction

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Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 34

4- Quality of LifeRegional and international ranking concerning Quality of Living

S W- High safety .- social relationships .- diversity of nationalities .

-Shortage of gardens .- Uncomfortable quality of street .- Sound pollution.

O T- Pollution .- Expensive life .

- Development of services .- Charity organizations .- Budget .- Jeddah sea views .



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Slide 35

5- Urban Scale

6- Urban Diversity

7- Social Equity

Jeddah province scale is large and that’s a positive point .

STUDENTS’ WORK: VISIONS -DESIGN



STUDENTS’ WORK: VISION 1

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 37

Vision 1: Jeddah as a Knowledge City

Evolution rather than Revolution

Integrating “knowledge” and “cultural values” into the lifestyle of every citizen, as well as supporting international and regional tourism….. Through:

• Enhancing the existing knowledge and cultural infrastructure.• Proposing new knowledge and culture-based projects.• The symbiosis in allocating the proposed projects.



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 38

Analysis of Existing Strategic Plan



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 39

Movement and Land-Use Analysis



Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 40

Analysis of the City Main Zones



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


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Conclusion


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Proposed Knowledge CycleProposing 4 core knowledge activities



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Theme: SymbiosisAdopting the “Sudoku“ concept to allocate new knowledge-and-economic hubs in the City of Jeddah



Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 43

Proposed Projects



Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 44

Detailed Design: Tahlia St. (commercial activities)Pedestrians rater than the car movementIntegrating knowledge and culture into the lifestyle of citizens



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

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Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 45

Detailed DesignCulturally oriented Media Center:



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 46

Detailed DesignWalk-through Library (information center):



Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


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ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 47

Detailed DesignWalk-through Gallery:



Introduction

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Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 48

Knowledge Cycle of Detailed Design ProjectsSupporting activities and built spaces …. Knowledge type ….. Tools prompted

VISION 2




Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 50

Vision 2: Jeddah as a Knowledge City Region

The Whole that is Greater than the Sum of its parts

Integrating the cultural potentials and human capital of Jeddah City, the economic and industrial potentials of Yanbu City, and scientific knowledge potentials of KAUST to define a Knowledge City Region ….. The issue is to support the totality of the region through focusing on three main issues:

• The industry• The environment• The individual



Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 51

Jeddah City RegionThree groups of projects oriented to the three mentioned issues



Introduction

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Slide 52

Jeddah City

Region



Introduction

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(ODS)


ODS Development

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Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 53

Jeddah City Region: Knowledge Cycle



Introduction

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Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 54

Proposed Projects



Introduction

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Discussion

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Slide 55

Detailed DesignLittle Galaxy: Master Plan



Introduction

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Site DesignLittle Galaxy: Cultural Base for Modern Design



Introduction

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Discussion

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Design ProjectsLittle Galaxy: Library



Introduction

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Design ProjectsLittle Galaxy: Media Center

Design ProjectsLittle Galaxy: Museum



Introduction

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Discussion

Conclusion


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Introduction

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ODS Development

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Discussion

Conclusion


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JEDDAH AS A KNOWLEDGE CITY Education Perspective

DISCUSSION3


DISCUSSION

Introduction

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Conclusion


Slide 62

Achievements•The success to raise the awareness of the subject area; through multiple juries and presentations. •Saudi Gazette, an English language daily newspaper covered the activities and outcomes of the KCs ODS; leading to the expansion of the awareness outside the university community. •The ability to widen the scope of proposing educational projects; i.e. up-to-date, vision-oriented, local context-sensitive, multi-disciplinary educational projects.

•Students were given the chance to ‘think global and act local’; being aware of recent international fields of interest, while at the same time developing solutions appropriate for the local context.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily


DISCUSSION

Introduction

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(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 63

Achievements• Students were given the chance to adopt the concept of ‘design-by-subject’ rather than ‘design-by-project’.

•Multiple presentations in front of audience of different backgrounds and orientations, authority figures, and virtual clients and users promoted the exchange of information and the openness of the discussion.

•The establishment of a strong connection between the university and the private sector, particularly Emaar Middle East, benefitting from the vast experience of the institution, as a real estate developer with a significant role and influential impact in the Middle East.


DISCUSSION

Introduction

Motivation


Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

Model


Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 64

Challenges•Due to the adhering to the curriculum, the process was forced to go through detailed design projects; in order to promote students achieve the knowledge, cognitive, and practical skills, as addressed in the course specification; facing multiple enquiry, and sometimes paradoxical, situations.

•Undergraduate students took a relatively long time to get on track, realize the significance of the subject area, build up the needed theoretical background and understand previous experiences. •Despite the fact that the methodology, activities and outputs are all documented, it would be time and effort consuming to start again from scratch with new students, in order to follow up in the next phase.


CONCLUSION4


CONCLUSION

Introduction

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Aim and Objectives


(ODS)


ODS Development

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Discussion

Conclusion


Slide 66

In this paper, the experience of the KCs ODS was introduced, documented and generically analyzed. The motives behind the selection of the subject area and case studies were addressed, and the aim, objectives, methodology, and development model were introduced. After displaying the activities and outcomes of the ODS in its brainstorming phase, a discussion took place, highlighting the achievements, challenges, weaknesses and future directions.

The paper focused on one aspect of the study; i.e. the capabilities of educational projects to catalyze the concept of KCs, while the experience showed two other aspects worthy of further investigation: the potential of Jeddah to become a KC, and the impact of multidisciplinary projects on the educational settings and process. Through analyzing the experience, the paper proposed a number of procedures and actions to support and enhance the performance of the ODS, and ensure continuity, integration and accumulation of effort.


Thanks for attention