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PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSIOLOGY OF COORDINATIONCOORDINATION

Introduction to Introduction to PhysiologyPhysiology

BS LevelBS Level

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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SUBDISCIPLINES OF ANIMAL SUBDISCIPLINES OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY

Comparative PhysiologyComparative Physiology Environmental PhysiologyEnvironmental Physiology Evolutionary PhysiologyEvolutionary Physiology Developmental PhysiologyDevelopmental Physiology Cell PhysiologyCell Physiology Molecular PhysiologyMolecular Physiology Endocrinology and many moreEndocrinology and many more

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Commercial and Agricultural Commercial and Agricultural ApplicationsApplications Increase in production of eggs, Increase in production of eggs,

milk and meatmilk and meat

Improved breeding techniquesImproved breeding techniques

Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering

BiotechnologyBiotechnology Health and pharmaceuticalHealth and pharmaceutical BiosafetyBiosafety

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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Insights into Human Insights into Human PhysiologyPhysiology

Human species share with other animal Human species share with other animal species:species:

- The same fundamental biological processes, The same fundamental biological processes, collectively called “life”collectively called “life”

- The same constraints established by laws of The same constraints established by laws of physics and chemistryphysics and chemistry

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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The same principles and The same principles and mechanisms of Mendalian and mechanisms of Mendalian and molecular geneticsmolecular genetics

A common origin in the branching tree of evolutionary biology

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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EXAMPLESEXAMPLES

Beating of human heart is on the same principles on Beating of human heart is on the same principles on which hearts of fish, frog or birds beatwhich hearts of fish, frog or birds beat

Living tissue’s normal function (healthy) and Living tissue’s normal function (healthy) and malfunction (disease) could be understood with the malfunction (disease) could be understood with the help of animal models of human disease (diabetic rat or help of animal models of human disease (diabetic rat or mice, obese mice, hypertensive rats)mice, obese mice, hypertensive rats)

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

EXAMPLESEXAMPLES

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Molecular events in nerve impulse are almost the same in human as in invertebrates like squid or in other vertebrate animals like rat or mice

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

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- Biosafety studies are very important in all kinds of biotechnology and other technological products.

- This is necessary to investigate the biological safety of any product related to health and foods to investigate weather it is safe for human and animal use or not.

Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba Butt

9Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba

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9Physiology of Coordination, Dr Saba

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