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PENGANTAR FISIOLOGI,HOMEOSTASIS, & DASAR
BIOLISTRIK By Sawiji
Basic Sciences Depar!en
M"#a!!a$iya# G%!%n' Hea(# Science Insi"e
E)!ai(* sawijia!ani+'!ai(c%!
M%i(e p#%ne* -./01.-1.000
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FISIOLOGI I(!" yan' !e!pe(ajari 2"n'si i%(%'is ""#
yan' e3erja $a(a! renan' n%r!a(
T""# in$i4i$" → pen'%r'anisasian i%(%'isse( yan' er'a"n' secara sr"3"ra( $an
2"n'si%na(
Se(→ jarin'an→ %r'an→ sise! %r'an5!rp3n 3esa"an erine'rasi $(! !e(a3"3an
era'ai a3i4ias 3e#i$"pan
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Tin'3a Pen'%r'anisasian $i $a(a!
""# T""# !an"sia $ien"3 %(e# inera3si 3"!p"(an
se( s' "ni $asar sr"3"ra( & 2"n'si%na(
Seiap se( !e!en"3 2"n'si penin' '3e(an's"n'an #i$"p, yai"* 6/7 3eerse$iaan O1
& n"risi, 6173eerse$iaan ener'i, 607pe!"an'an
8a sisa, 697 era'ai sinesis y' $i""#3an
3%!p%nen se(, 6:7 per"3aran anar 3%!par!en
$'n (in'3"n'an, $an 6;7 repr%$"3si
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Se( T""# Man"sia Se( ""# !an"sia er%r'anisir yan' sa!a sr"3"r
& 3e3#"s"san 3erjanya !e!en"3 jarin'an
9 jarin'an ""#* epie(, pen'#""n', sara2, $an%%
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Keeran'an*= I%n= M%(e3"(= Ma3r%!%(e3"(
= Or'ane(= Se(=
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Neromuskular
KINERJA
S. S. Pusat S. S. Tepi
Darah &
Cairan Tubuh
Uropoetik Pencernaan
S. Endokrin
Kardiovaskular Respirasi
Metab Energi
• circadian
• top don
• ultradian
• top don
!botto" up
Manusia
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RESPONS
PENCETUS PENGENDALI
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HOMEOSTASIS K%n$isi sais $ina!is inerna( ""# yan'
re(ai2 $ipera#an3an scr 3%nsan er#a$ap
era'ai ran'san' Me3anis!e #%!e%sasis penin' '
3e(an's"n'an #i$"p $an 2"n'si n%r!a( se(
Seiap se( $'n 3erjanya y' spesi2i3 se(a("!e!pera#an3an #%!e%sasis
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HOMEOSTASISLin'3"n'an inerna( ""# y' #ar"s $ipera#an3an
#%!e%sasisnya a$a(a#*
/ K%nsenrasi !%(e3"( n"risi
1 K%nsenrasi O1 & >O1
0 K%nsenrasi 8a sisa
9 pH
: K%nsenrasi cairan, 'ara! & e(e3r%(i; S"#"
? @%("!e & e3anan
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SISTEM PENGENDALIAN TBH Pen'a"ran a3i4ias sise! ""# "n"3
!e!pera#an3an #%!e%sasis*/7 pen'en$a(ian inrinsi35 resp%ns 3%!pensasi
$i(a3"3an %(e# %r'an ersan'3"an17 pen'en$a(ian e3srinsi35 resp%ns %r'an a3an!eran'san' 3erja sise! pen'en$a(ian (ain, yai"sise! sara2 & en$%3rin
K%n$isi pa%(%'is → #%!e%sasis erpen'ar"# scr3ese("r"#an H%!e%sasis $3 $p $ipera#an3an →sa3i s$
3e!aian
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MEKANISME MPAN BALIK
Me3anis!e "!pan a(i3 ne'ai26ser4%!ec#anis!7
Me3anis!e "!pan a(i3 p%sii2
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*Biologi*Fisika
*Kimia
Alur kegiatan
dalam proses
fisiologik
Alur kegiatan
dalam proses
fisiologik
*Komunikasi saraf /humoral.
*Berurutan (sequential)
*Serempak (simultan)
Integrasisemua organ
sistem tubuh
Tahap
(cascae )
*Awal*Taha Lan"u#$
Komensasi
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Penggunaan
Oksigen
Penggunaan
Oksigen O2 jaringan
menurun
O2 jaringan
menurun
*Biologi*Fisika
*Kimia
! "rgan! #aringan
! Sel! $olekul
Dari Ran%san%
ke Resons&s#
Alur kegiatan
dalam proses
fisiologik
Alur kegiatan
dalam proses
fisiologik
*Awal
*Taha Lan"u#$
Komensasi
O(a#ra'a
%"rgan%#aringan
%Sel% $olekul
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LENGKNG REFLEKS
6 REFLEX ARCH) Rea3si ""# er#a$ap s"a" ran'san' y'
!e(ia3an sise! sara2 REFLEKS
Perisiwa re2(e3s eren"3 !(( !e3anis!e y'
!(( ja("r eren" $i* resep%r, sara2 a2eren,
!e$"(a spina(is 6SSP7, sara2 e2eren, e2e3%r
⇒ LENGKNG REFLEKS
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DASAR BIOLISTRIK Bi%(isri3* 3e(isri3an $i $a(a! se( aa"
jarin'an #i$"p
B' 3erja sise! ""# $ia"r %(e# sise!sara2→ r!s3 sise! pen'en$a(i ""# Se( sara2 → se( pe3a ran'san'
B' ransp%r 8a→
!e!ran se(p(as!a B' 3%!par!en → per"3aran anara
(in'3"n'an inerna( & e3serna(
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Ba'ai!ana sise! sara2 e3erjaC
⇒ $asar* pen'#anaran impuls $i se( sara2
Ba'ai!ana pr%ses eran'3inya i!p"(sC→ perisiwa 3e(isri3an $i se( sara2 6$ep%(arisasi &
p%ensia( a3sii!p"(s7
Men'apa isa erja$iC) 3eer(iaan i%n)i%n $(! 3%!par!en ""#,er"a!a i%n Na & K $i e3srase( & inrase() !e!ran se( se!iper!eae(→ per"3aran i%n
⇓ p%ensia( !e!ran⇒ 'ra$ien 3%nsenrasi & !"aan
anara e3srase( & inrase(
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'ISTIRA(AT)
Perpindahan ion antarekstrasel dan intrasel
#"elalui "e"bran sel7
Beda potensial listrik
antara ekstrasel danintrasel: mantap
POLARISASIIsoelek#ris+
Po#ensial Lis#rik Sel a&a Kea&aan ,an% -er.e&a
Pasi/0
Ak#i/0
Beda Kadar
Beda Muatan Listrik
Kemudahan menembus
membran (saluran ion)
Pompa Na - K
Ekstrasel$ %a Cl ! K 'ntrasel$ %a Cl ! K
%a
Cl!
K1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
%a Cl! K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2- 70 mV
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RANGSANG MKA!"K
#$%$
L"#&'"K
K"M"APROSES
&'A!#$K#" '#P&O'
RESPONS
&erubahan Kegiatan 'istrik $embran eseptor
Pen%han#aran Ke%ia#an Lis#rik ke Pusa# Sara/
BILA SEL DIRANGSANGC
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BILA SEL DIRANGSANGC⇒ TRANSDKSI RESEPTOR
Me!ran a3an (ei# per!eae(, s#' i%n Na e3srase( !as"33e inrase( → 3ene'ai2an inrase( er3"ran' → pen"r"nan e$a p%ensia( e3srase( & inrase( 6DEPOLARISASI7
Dep%(arisasi a3an !enin'3a3an per!eai(ias !e!ran s#'!a3in anya3 i%n Na e3srase( yan' !as"3 3e inrase( $an$ep%(arisasi !a3in esar 6LINGKARAN HODGKIN7
Bi(a perisiwa er"s er(anj", s"a" saa $ep%(arisasi!encapai a!an' (e"p s#' eren"3(a# POTENSIAL
AKSI5 i(a i$a3 er(anj" a3an 3e!a(i 3e 3ea$aan isira#a6REPOLARISASI7
P%ensia( a3si yan' !enja(ar →IMPLS
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'A!#A!
Na1 masuk in#raselDeolarisasi
Permia.ili#as mem.ran
(o&%kin C,3le
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'ISTIRA(AT) Perpindahan ion antar
ekstrasel dan intrasel
#"elalui "e"bran sel7
Be$a p%ensia( (isri3
anara e3srase( $an
inrase(* !anap
POLARISASIIsoelek#ris+
Po#ensial Lis#rik Sel a&a Kea&aan ,an% -er.e&a
DIRANGSANG
Peningkatan e$a
p%ensia( (isri3 anara
e3srase( $an inrase((IPERPOLARISASI
Penurunan e$a
p%ensia( (isri3 anara
e3srase( $an inrase(
DEPOLARISASI
PEMULI(AN
Be$a p%ensia( (isri3
anara e3srase( $an
inrase( 3e p%(arisasi REPOLARISASI
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a
* m+
4,, m+
4* m+
4., m+
12* m+
A B
/
A - B0 masa laten
a $an b 0 depolarisasi
b
c
10 hiperpolarisasi
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Akson
Sel S3hwann
!ode of 'anier
Po#ensial Genera#orRese#or+
Po#ensial Aksi
Peningkatan kuat rangsang
akan meningkatkan amplitudo
depolarisasi (potensial reseptor)
Potensial reseptor tidak
mengikuti %ukum All or
None
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Pen'#anaran I!p"(s $i Ne"r%n a3 er!ie(in
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Sal#a#or, Con&u3#ion
Pen%han#aran o#ensial aksi melalui sara/ .ermielin
I!p"(s* p%ensia( a3si yan' $i#anar3an
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Pen'#anaran I!p"(s $i Ne"r%n er!ie(in
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SINAPS
I!p"(s $i s"a" ne"r%n a3an $ier"s3an 3e ne"r%n
(ain !(( SINAPS
Ne"r%n s(! sinaps→ ne"r%n presinaps
Ne"r%n s(# sinaps→ ne"r%n p%ssinaps
pascasinaps
Pen'#anaran p$ SINAPS LISTRIK ≈ a3s%n⇒ !((
GAP JUNCTIONS Pen'#anaran p$ SINAPS KIMIA per(" peranara ⇒
NEROTRANSMITTER
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SINAPS LISTRIK & KIMIA
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PEMBENTKAN EPSP & IPSP
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