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PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT VS SIMPLE PAST VS SIMPLE PAST SCHLESINGER ALEJANDRA

Past simple-present-perfect

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Page 1: Past simple-present-perfect

PRESENT PRESENT PERFECT VS PERFECT VS SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST

SCHLESINGER ALEJANDRA

Page 2: Past simple-present-perfect

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

I’VE BEEN TO LONDON.

(PRESENT PERFECT)

I WENT TO LONDON LAST WEEK.

(SIMPLE PAST)

Page 3: Past simple-present-perfect

TIMEFINISHED UNFINISHED

SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

I went to London last week.

Specific time:

-yesterday yesterday -last summerlast summer-2 months ago2 months ago

I’ve been to London.

General experience.

-I have the I have the experience.experience.

Page 4: Past simple-present-perfect

WHEN DO WE USE SIMPLE PAST?

1) ACTIONS THAT ARE NOT CONNECTED WITH PRESENT.

THE TITANIC SANK IN 1912.

2) ACTIONS IN THE PAST THAT ARE CHRONOLOGICALLY ORDERED.

HE CAME IN, SAT ON THE SOFA AND STARTED WAITING.

3) REPEATED ACTIONS IN THE PAST (= USED TO).

I TOOK ENGLISH COURSES WHEN I WAS TWELVE (= I USED TO TAKE

ENGLISH COURSES).

4) WHEN AFTER TALKING ABOUT GENERAL EXPERIENCE WE GIVE

DETAILS (WHEN WE HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC AND ANSWER

QUESTIONS LIKE WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW?).

I’VE BEEN TO LONDON THIS MONTH. I STAYED IN A BIG HOTEL. I

VISITED TRAFALGAR SQUARE AND BOUGHT SOME SOUVENIRS.

Page 5: Past simple-present-perfect

WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?

1) WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GENERAL EXPERIENCE WITHOUT GIVING SPECIFIC INFORMATION (WE DON’T HAVE TO KNOW WHEN YOU DID SOMETHING, WE WANT TO KNOW IF YOU DID IT OR NOT).

TARANTINO HAS DIRECTED LOTS OF BLOCKBUSTERS. (BUT: TARANTINO DIRECTED “KILL BILL” IN 2003).

I HAVE NEVER SEEN THE EIFFEL TOWER. (BUT: I DIDN’T SEE THE EIFFEL TOWER WHEN I WAS IN FRANCE).

JACK HAS WRITTEN A SCRIPT. (BUT: HE WROTE THE SCRIPT LAST WEEK).

Page 6: Past simple-present-perfect

WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?

2) ACTIONS THAT ARE FINISHED IN THE PAST BUT CONNECTED WITH PRESENT (ACTIONS IN THE PAST AFFECTED THE PRESENT – YOU CAN SEE THE RESULT).

X

PAST PRESENT

I’VE EATEN A BANANA.

THE PLANE HAS NOT LANDED YET.

Page 7: Past simple-present-perfect

WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?

3) WHEN WE WANT TO EXPRESS AN UNFINISHED PERIOD OF TIME (THAT STARTED IN THE PAST BUT CONTINUES NOW).

I HAVE TAKEN THREE TESTS THIS SEMESTER (THIS SEMESTER IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).

HELEN HAS BEEN TO LONDON ONCE IN HER LIFE (HER LIFE IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).

MY GRANDPARENTS HAVE SEEN “HAMLET” THIS WEEK (THIS WEEK IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).

Page 8: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF VERBS

see go

cut eat

work catch

leave arrive

feed make

bring give

drink do

buy teach

Page 9: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF VERBS

see seen go gone

cut cut eat eaten

work worked catch caught

leave left arrive arrived

feed fed make made

bring brought give given

drink drunk do done

buy bought teach taught

Page 10: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE IS USED:• ACTIONS THAT FINISHED IN A

DEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST

 

I BOUGHT THIS CAR LAST WEEK.

  

• TO ASK WHEN? WHAT TIME? WHERE?

 

THEY HAVE ARRIVED. ≠

WHEN DID THEY ARRIVE?

AN HOUR AGO.

 

PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:

• ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST AND WITH VISIBLE RESULTS IN THE PRESENT

 

I HAVE LOST MY KEY. (I CAN’T FIND IT NOW)

HAVE YOU SEEN ANN? (SHE IS NOT HERE NOW)

 

• TO DESCRIBE VERY RECENT ACTIONS

  SHE HAS JUST MOVED TO A LARGER FLAT.

 

Page 11: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECTPAST SIMPLE IS USED:

 TO TALK ABOUT PAST STATES THAT CANNOT HAPPEN AGAIN

  SHAKESPEARE WAS A WRITER. HE WROTE PLAYS AND POEMS. (FROM 1564 TO 1616)

  

• FOR ACTIONS WHICH FINISHED IN THE PAST, ONE AFTER THE OTHER.

 

SHE LIVED IN THIS HOUSE FOR TEN YEARS AND THEN MOVED TO ANOTHER ONE. (SEQUENCE OF PAST ACTIONS)

PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:

• FOR ACTIONS WHICH STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT

  SHE HAS LIVED IN THIS FLAT SINCE 2005.

SHE HAS LIVED THERE FOR THREE YEARS.

(SHE STILL LIVES THERE!)

 TO DESCRIBE EXPERIENCES IN OUR LIFETIME

  HAVE YOU EVER EATEN CHINESE FOOD?

I HAVE ALREADY EATEN CHOP SUEY.

I HAVEN’T EATEN JAPANESE FOOD YET.

(IN YOUR LIFE UNTIL NOW) ≠ DID YOU EAT CHINESE FOOD WHEN YOU WERE IN CHINA? YES, I DID.

(SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST)

Page 12: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE IS USED:

• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED

WHEN GIVING OLDER

INFORMATION.

İ.E. MARTIN CRASHED HIS

CAR LAST YEAR.

PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:

• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS

OFTEN USED WHEN

GIVING RECENT NEWS.

İ.E. MARTIN HAS CRASHED

HIS CAR AGAIN

Page 13: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE IS USED:

• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED

WHEN THE TIME IS CLEAR.

İ.E. I SAW THAT MOVIE ON

THURSDAY (WE KNOW

EXACTLY WHEN).

PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:

• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS

USED WHEN THE TIME IS

NOT SPECIFIC.

İ.E. I HAVE SEEN THAT MOVIE

ALREADY (WE DON’T

KNOW WHEN).

Page 14: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE IS USED:

• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED WITH ‘FOR’ WHEN THE ACTIONS HAVE ALREADY FINISHED:

I.E. I LIVED IN LONDON FOR 5 YEARS (I DON’T LIVE THERE NOW).

PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:

• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS

USED WITH ‘FOR’ AND

‘SINCE’, WHEN THE ACTIONS

HAVE NOT FINISHED YET:

I.E. I HAVE LIVED IN LONDON

FOR 5 YEARS (I STILL LIVE

THERE).

Page 15: Past simple-present-perfect

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT

TIME EXPRESSIONS: YESTERDAY

• LAST WEEK (...)

• SIX MONTHS AGO

• IN 1975, AT 3 O’CLOCK

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

• JUST, RECENTLY

• EVER, NEVER

• ALREADY, YET

• SINCE, FOR

• HOW LONG