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PRESENT PRESENT PERFECT VS PERFECT VS SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST
SCHLESINGER ALEJANDRA
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
I’VE BEEN TO LONDON.
(PRESENT PERFECT)
I WENT TO LONDON LAST WEEK.
(SIMPLE PAST)
TIMEFINISHED UNFINISHED
SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT
I went to London last week.
Specific time:
-yesterday yesterday -last summerlast summer-2 months ago2 months ago
I’ve been to London.
General experience.
-I have the I have the experience.experience.
WHEN DO WE USE SIMPLE PAST?
1) ACTIONS THAT ARE NOT CONNECTED WITH PRESENT.
THE TITANIC SANK IN 1912.
2) ACTIONS IN THE PAST THAT ARE CHRONOLOGICALLY ORDERED.
HE CAME IN, SAT ON THE SOFA AND STARTED WAITING.
3) REPEATED ACTIONS IN THE PAST (= USED TO).
I TOOK ENGLISH COURSES WHEN I WAS TWELVE (= I USED TO TAKE
ENGLISH COURSES).
4) WHEN AFTER TALKING ABOUT GENERAL EXPERIENCE WE GIVE
DETAILS (WHEN WE HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC AND ANSWER
QUESTIONS LIKE WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW?).
I’VE BEEN TO LONDON THIS MONTH. I STAYED IN A BIG HOTEL. I
VISITED TRAFALGAR SQUARE AND BOUGHT SOME SOUVENIRS.
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?
1) WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GENERAL EXPERIENCE WITHOUT GIVING SPECIFIC INFORMATION (WE DON’T HAVE TO KNOW WHEN YOU DID SOMETHING, WE WANT TO KNOW IF YOU DID IT OR NOT).
TARANTINO HAS DIRECTED LOTS OF BLOCKBUSTERS. (BUT: TARANTINO DIRECTED “KILL BILL” IN 2003).
I HAVE NEVER SEEN THE EIFFEL TOWER. (BUT: I DIDN’T SEE THE EIFFEL TOWER WHEN I WAS IN FRANCE).
JACK HAS WRITTEN A SCRIPT. (BUT: HE WROTE THE SCRIPT LAST WEEK).
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?
2) ACTIONS THAT ARE FINISHED IN THE PAST BUT CONNECTED WITH PRESENT (ACTIONS IN THE PAST AFFECTED THE PRESENT – YOU CAN SEE THE RESULT).
X
PAST PRESENT
I’VE EATEN A BANANA.
THE PLANE HAS NOT LANDED YET.
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT PERFECT?
3) WHEN WE WANT TO EXPRESS AN UNFINISHED PERIOD OF TIME (THAT STARTED IN THE PAST BUT CONTINUES NOW).
I HAVE TAKEN THREE TESTS THIS SEMESTER (THIS SEMESTER IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).
HELEN HAS BEEN TO LONDON ONCE IN HER LIFE (HER LIFE IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).
MY GRANDPARENTS HAVE SEEN “HAMLET” THIS WEEK (THIS WEEK IS NOT FINISHED, IT’S STILL GOING ON).
PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF VERBS
see go
cut eat
work catch
leave arrive
feed make
bring give
drink do
buy teach
PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF VERBS
see seen go gone
cut cut eat eaten
work worked catch caught
leave left arrive arrived
feed fed make made
bring brought give given
drink drunk do done
buy bought teach taught
PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE IS USED:• ACTIONS THAT FINISHED IN A
DEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST
I BOUGHT THIS CAR LAST WEEK.
• TO ASK WHEN? WHAT TIME? WHERE?
THEY HAVE ARRIVED. ≠
WHEN DID THEY ARRIVE?
AN HOUR AGO.
PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:
• ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST AND WITH VISIBLE RESULTS IN THE PRESENT
I HAVE LOST MY KEY. (I CAN’T FIND IT NOW)
HAVE YOU SEEN ANN? (SHE IS NOT HERE NOW)
• TO DESCRIBE VERY RECENT ACTIONS
SHE HAS JUST MOVED TO A LARGER FLAT.
PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECTPAST SIMPLE IS USED:
TO TALK ABOUT PAST STATES THAT CANNOT HAPPEN AGAIN
SHAKESPEARE WAS A WRITER. HE WROTE PLAYS AND POEMS. (FROM 1564 TO 1616)
• FOR ACTIONS WHICH FINISHED IN THE PAST, ONE AFTER THE OTHER.
SHE LIVED IN THIS HOUSE FOR TEN YEARS AND THEN MOVED TO ANOTHER ONE. (SEQUENCE OF PAST ACTIONS)
PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:
• FOR ACTIONS WHICH STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT
SHE HAS LIVED IN THIS FLAT SINCE 2005.
SHE HAS LIVED THERE FOR THREE YEARS.
(SHE STILL LIVES THERE!)
TO DESCRIBE EXPERIENCES IN OUR LIFETIME
HAVE YOU EVER EATEN CHINESE FOOD?
I HAVE ALREADY EATEN CHOP SUEY.
I HAVEN’T EATEN JAPANESE FOOD YET.
(IN YOUR LIFE UNTIL NOW) ≠ DID YOU EAT CHINESE FOOD WHEN YOU WERE IN CHINA? YES, I DID.
(SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST)
PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE IS USED:
• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED
WHEN GIVING OLDER
INFORMATION.
İ.E. MARTIN CRASHED HIS
CAR LAST YEAR.
PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:
• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS
OFTEN USED WHEN
GIVING RECENT NEWS.
İ.E. MARTIN HAS CRASHED
HIS CAR AGAIN
PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE IS USED:
• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED
WHEN THE TIME IS CLEAR.
İ.E. I SAW THAT MOVIE ON
THURSDAY (WE KNOW
EXACTLY WHEN).
PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:
• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS
USED WHEN THE TIME IS
NOT SPECIFIC.
İ.E. I HAVE SEEN THAT MOVIE
ALREADY (WE DON’T
KNOW WHEN).
PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE IS USED:
• THE SIMPLE PAST IS USED WITH ‘FOR’ WHEN THE ACTIONS HAVE ALREADY FINISHED:
I.E. I LIVED IN LONDON FOR 5 YEARS (I DON’T LIVE THERE NOW).
PRESENT PERFECT IS USED:
• THE PRESENT PERFECT IS
USED WITH ‘FOR’ AND
‘SINCE’, WHEN THE ACTIONS
HAVE NOT FINISHED YET:
I.E. I HAVE LIVED IN LONDON
FOR 5 YEARS (I STILL LIVE
THERE).
PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
TIME EXPRESSIONS: YESTERDAY
• LAST WEEK (...)
• SIX MONTHS AGO
• IN 1975, AT 3 O’CLOCK
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• JUST, RECENTLY
• EVER, NEVER
• ALREADY, YET
• SINCE, FOR
• HOW LONG