\) what's the d¡fferenc e? 1 + Past s¡mple or pastMatch the sentences with the pictures. CONTiNUOUS?

lfloat) in the

tfly) up and

' ' ||tl rlr '1. lllr : :;tt lty, tllill)(I

I'r,l rll llttltt( )t ll;ltll t:;tl.

tlrr; vr;rlr in lrr¿rckets either in the past simple or the

llu', ¡",¡ slorv l¡lr<lrrI sornt'thirrg tlrat happened on boarcl a cruise sl-rip.

llr., rr¡irt'slri¡r (l) wos gloínq (go) front London to New York. Alf l.u,r( r,n r ( )n llo¿u'rl t llt' ('t'uisc shilt (2) (clo) rnagic trickst,, r'lrlr,¡l;rilt tltc l)¿tsscngcrs. Fle (.1) (have) a lot of very¡,, ,, ,q I lr it lis, lntl (4) (be) able to llrake things disappearrrr,l rt',r¡r¡lt,irr irr a rcally rnystitying way.

lrrrlrrrtrrrrirlrly for hiln, there was a parrot in the audience who keptlr\ rrJ', llrt'garrrc away.'l'he parrot (5) _ (shclut) things like)'-.-.-}!'!!!/'.r'-^^lt ", u l) ll is slccve!' or 'He put it in his pocket!' or 'lt's in his other hand!'

(rnanage) to spoil all the,lrrl nt tlris w¿ly the'parrot (6)

nt,u,t( t.lll's tricks.

I f f rr t l;r),, tlrc ntAgician (7) (perfonn) hisllrr''.'lti¡) w¿ls itr a particularly clangerous part of the sea

'l'llt'sttltlcllts stttttci Ll[) when the teacher cat]te into the room.'l'hc stttclcllts were standing up when the teacher came into t¡erooIn.

'What do you do?' 'l work in an office.,

'What are you cloing?' tl'm writillg a letter.,

It rained this lnorning.

lt's been raining all ntorning.

Use the present perfect continuous for an action started earlier which is stillgoing on, e.g. I have been waiting here slnce seven o'clock or for ¿r recentaction where the results can still be seen, e.g. You &re wal llttotr¡lt! You've

been swimming in tlrc river a.c1ain, haven't yott?

sl-row as usual.

where there are

(wave ) h is

(sink)

nritg,ici¿rn (1O) (find) a lifebelt, and

sea when the parrot

landed on his lifebelt. l'he parrot ancl

while in| |rt' nt;tg,ici¿rn (1:l) (look) at each other for a

',rlcn( (', tllcn the ltarntt (14) (say):

'( )1.., I givt' 'l). Wh¿rt ( l5) _ yoLr _(dct) with the ship?'

Use the past continLlous

o to show that one action was going on when another action occurred, e.g.

Unfr>rfttrrttcly I was looking tlte <tther way when Beckham scored the

wittttirt.T rTcxtl.

o lo ¡rrovitkl lxtr;kr¡tr)irl(l rlc:u:ri¡llirx.t in ;t nílnírlivc, o.(,. llxt ctowtt wa.s

c¡ctittq nn'ulwilll n\(:tlttt¡tt:ttl, l\t()ltht worct lltrowittt¡ tlnit lt;tl:; itt lln,,tit

t, r'lrcrlls. Suclcienly, iust as the rnagician (8)

ln,u'r( w;rrrcl, the ship hit an iceberg and (9)

rnunt'tlilrtcly.

llrr'(ll)| | .')

/ ;>.

\\,f7/'n,K

oI.l-),s

rr'rll,rltl

F sEcrloN 1 7

C Past or perfect? .1

Choose between the two forms of the verb to complete the story.

This is the story of a friend of mine called Harry. Harry is a postman,

and years ago he (1) lived / eas$+ed in a small bedsit. The man who

(2) rented / has rented the flat upstairs was a police officer named

Charlie. Harry used to go to bed early because he (3) has had / had to

be up early in the morning. Unfortunately, every evening Charlie

(4) would come / has come home, take off his boots and drop them

heavily on the floor. And every evening the noise of his boots hitting

the floor would wake Harry in the room below.

So, one night Harry waited up for Charlie and stopped him on the

stairs.

'Good evening. I wonder if I could have a word with you.'

Charlie looked at Harry.

'I'm sorry, but do I know you? I (5) never saw / have never seen you

before.'

'l live in this flat, directly below yours.'

'Oh, OK. Well, what can I do for you?' Charlie asked.

'I don't want to complain, but I (6) didn't have / haven't had a good

night's sleep in months.'

'What has that got to do with me?' asked the police officer.

'Well, it's your boots. Every night for the last few months, you (7) have

come / came home and dropped your boots on the floor and the noise

wakes me up.'

'Oh, sorry about that,' said Charlie. 'l (8) haven't done / didn't do iton purpose. I will put them down quietly in future, I promise''

The next night Harry (9) went / has gone to bed early as usual and

(1O) has iust fallen /had iust fallen asleep when Charlie the

policeman (11) came / has come home. charlie sat down ort ltis bed,

t91.¡k 1¡ff lris right ltoot ancl dro¡r¡rccl it lrcavily otr tllt'l'kxrr. Stttltlt'ttly, ltc

( l2) rt'¡¡t.¡¡lx'rt.tl / ll¿¡s rt'lllt'lltlrt.retl llis t'rltlvt'lsltliolt rvilll I l,¡tt\'.

r tlr tlt,¿rr!' lrc tlr<ltrgltt. 'l still ll¡tvt'tl't ¡¡<lt ottt tlf the trabit of throwing

rrr\'lrools oll tltc l'l<tt¡r!'

lll llrcrr (l.i) has taken / took off his other boot and put it on the

ll,or vcry gcntly without making a sound.

llrl lollowirtg evening Harry again (14) waited / has waited on the

',t,rrs lo[ (]harlie.

t ,'orln('ss!' said Charlie. 'You look terrible! (15) Didn't you sleep /ll.rvt'n't you slept last night?'

I lr r, I ( 16) didn't f haverr't,' said Harry. 'I spent the whole night wide

,rrr'.rlit', waiting for the other boot to drop!'

Use the present perfect

o for a past action where the point of time is not definite. Compare: l've done

a tot of work tatety (indefinite) with ldid a lot of work /ast month (definite).

r for an action which began in the past and has continued until the present

anc1 wlll posslbly continue into the futuro, o.el ,l've llved here for thrao dnys,