Palawan Corridor Conservation Strategy and Current Initiatives

Palawan Corridor Conservation Strategy and Current Initiatives

Corridor WorkshopCebu, PhilippinesJanuary 9-13, 2008

CI-P’s Priority Corridors

Palawan Corridor Strategy

� Biological assessment

� Socio-economic assessment

� Threats analysis� Policy assessment

Palawan Corridor Planning:Biological Assessment

18 species of FRESHWATER FISH (50% endemic to the corridor)

26 species of AMPHIBIANS (25% endemic to the country, majority are confined to the corridor)

69 species of REPTILES (29% are endemic to the country)

279 species of BIRDS (10% are endemic to the country); 34% of bird species are migratory, making the region a vital flyway for migratory birds

58 species of TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS, 19 or 33% are endemic to the country, 16 are restricted to the corridor

Source: CI, 2004; CI/BASMU, 2007


� AAA� BBB

� 1� 2

� CCC� 1� 2� 3

KBA NameTrigger Species

CR EN VU RR

El Nido – Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 1 2 11 16

Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape

2 2 10 18

Lake Manguao 1 1 13 20

San Vicente-Taytay-Roxas Forest 2 1 11 10

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 2 2 12 19

Cleopatra's Needle 1 1 3 1

Victoria and Anepahan Ranges 1 4 15 22

Mt Mantalingahan 2 3 13 20


KBA NameTrigger Species

CR EN VU RR

Calauit Island 1 2 10 22

Busuanga Island 1 1 9 37

Culion Island 1 1 8 33

Coron Island 1 0 6 4

Dumaran-Araceli 2 2 5 5

Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 1 2 3 0

Ursula Island 0 0 3 0

Balabac Island 1 2 10 39

Tubbataha Reef Natural Park 1 1 1 0

Population Growth Rate��

��

��

��

Fig. 1. In-migration trends, Palawan Corridor

Pre-1945 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

Local fishingSubsistence farmingNTFP harvestingLocal trading

Copra and mangrove harvesting

Commercial miningCommercial fishing, logging, trading

Land release program : NARRA CARPSocial unrest

� � � ��

Source: CI/Boquiren, 2004

Palawan Corridor Planning:Demographic Assessment

��

� � ��

� � � ��

� � � ��

� ��

Major Biodiversity Threats� Forest Destruction

� Logging� Agriculture (slash and burn)� Fuelwood gathering

� Depletion of marine fishery� Mangrove destruction� Legal and illegal fishing

� Mining and quarrying� Roads and other large infrastructure development� Tourism development� Wildlife hunting

Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment

Land Use Changes in a Nickel Mining Area


��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"�� !�� #��

�#� �� !�# ��

$��%�%��&�'�$$��(��!�� !��"��

�� ""��

)**+� �� !��

��,�"� ��

��,��!��

Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis Integrates economic theory with Geographic Information Sciences (GIS).Involved interpreting and merging data and analysis across spatial and hierarchical scales. Spatial econometrics was used to tease out the relationships between geophysical features of the land with broader socio-economic and demographic trends.


Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"�� !�� #��

�#� �� !�# ��

$��%�%��&�'�$$��(��!�� !��"��

�� ""��

)**+� �� !��

��,�"� ��

��,��!��

Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis



Why do a habitat loss analysis?

• A business-as-usual habitat loss analysis is generated to predict future landscape change based on current trends and policies.

• To communicate the risks of the status quo.

• To identify the relative vulnerability of different habitats to degradation and human activity.

• To contribute towards the design of a spatially explicit conservation plan that minimizes habitat loss risks and opportunity costs.

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"�� !�� #��

�#� �� !�# ��

$��%�%��&�'�$$��(��!�� !��"��

�� ""��

)**+� �� !��

��,�"� ��

��,��!��




Class Variables Scale

Land cover (=0 if primary; =1 for all other) Pixel

Geophysical features

Slope (in degrees) Elevation (in meters)Land use and land cover diversityNDVI change from 1987 to 1998

Pixel

Demographic Population density Population growth (1995 – 2000)

Projected pop’n growth (2000 – 2005 )

Brgy

Access costs Distance to nearest roadDistance to nearest town

Pixel

Socio-economic

Per capita income (in PhP)Human Development Index (HDI)

Municipal

Policy Presence of tenurial rights (Tenure = 1 if clear tenure exists, such as CADCs and CBFMAs; = 0 otherwise)

Pixel

Variables used in the risk of habitat loss analysis

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"�� !�� #��

�#� �� !�# ��

$��%�%��&�'�$$��(��!�� !��"��

�� ""��

)**+� �� !��

��,�"� ��

��,��!��



Potential impacts on biodiversity!

Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"�� !�� #��

�#� �� !�# ��

$��%�%��&�'�$$��(��!�� !��"��

�� ""��

)**+� �� !��

��,�"� ��

��,��!��



Forests under high risks, by municipality

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Bataraza BrookesPoint

Española Quezon Rizal

Ha

SecondaryPrimary

Risk of Habitat Loss, by Forest Type (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Primary Secondary

High risk

Medium risk

Low risk

Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004

Palawan Corridor Strategy

� Awareness campaign

� Biodiversity research & monitoring

� Watershed/protected area management

� Law enforcement

� Linking human well-being & biodiversity conservation

Priority Site:

Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

. . . a new protected area (2004 to present)

. . . 126,000 hectares

One of the 10 sites of the Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) in the Philippines;

One of the 11 important bird areas in Palawan;

One of the 17 terrestrial key biodiversity areas (KBA) in Palawan;

The largely forested mountain range covers several critical watersheds that are extremely valuable to lowland agricultural economy.

The large expanse of forest also plays a macro-climatic function by acting as a significant carbon sink.

Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

Location: South of Palawan Province, Philippines

5 Municipalities covered: Bataraza, Brooks Point, Quezon, Rizal, Sofronio Espanola

Population: at least 3,000 HHof indigenous Palaw’an

Key Species: Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (Palawanomys furvus), Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Palawan striped-babbler (Stachyris hypogrammica)


Legal Requirements

1 Compilation of maps & technical descriptions

2 Initial screening3 Public notifications4 Initial consultation5 Census & registration of PA

occupants6 Resource profiling7 Initial Protected Area Plan8 Public hearings

9 Regional review & recommendations

10 National review & recommendations11 Presidential Proclamation

12 Congressional action13 Demarcation


Use Value (Php) Valuation Approach

Timber 24,357,190,909 Opportunity cost

Carbon Sequestration 12,059,604,347 Benefits transfer

Soil Conservation 1 43,068,093 Replacement cost

Water and Biodiversity 64,156,435 Contingent valuation

Direct use of IPs*

TOTAL 36,624,019,784

RESOURCEVALUATION

(Focus on Use Values)• Direct use values

TimberNTFPsUse of land for agroforestryWater

• Indirect use valuesCarbon sequestrationSoil conservationBiodiversity

*to be estimated

Summary of the economic values of Mt. Mantalingahan Range(present value, i=10%)


Method

Suitability assessment of existing and proposed land-useso Suitability – compatibility to site

quality (i.e., slope)o Suitability – onsite and offsite

impacts (streamflows and soil erosion)

o Suitability – consistency with legal framework (i.e., legal classification of the land)

o Suitability – in terms of financial viability

� Assess optimality of existing and planned land-uses

� Estimate minimum requirements to conserve water, soil and biodiversity

� Recommend strategies to achieve right mix of development and conservation uses

� Facilitate update of municipal land use plans

� Provide inputs to the protected area management plan


LAND-USE ANALYSIS

LAND-USE ANALYSIS

Levels and Scales of Assessment

� Landscape

� Watershed• micro watersheds (<1000 ha)• 21 small watersheds (1000 to 10K ha)• 10 medium watersheds (10K to 50K ha)


WatershedTotal Area of Watershed

(ha)

TOTAL EROSION (tons/ha) inside the Mt. Mantalingahan RangeCurrent Land Use ECAN 250-Recession 500-m Recession 750-m Recession

Total USLE Erosion ton/ha Total USLE Erosion

ton/ha Total USLE Erosion ton/ha Total USLE Erosion

ton/ha Total USLE Erosion ton/ha

Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40 12919.6 1.9 13026.1 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13037.7 1.9Babanga River 1564.42 11582.5 7.4 11583.1 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.3 7.4Barong-barong River 6079.11 6171.4 1.0 3115.6 0.5 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0Bono-bono River 1326.23 7422.5 5.6 4395.1 3.3 3687.5 2.8 4228.0 3.2 7422.5 5.6Bulalacao River 2510.68 10135.4 4.0 8691.8 3.5 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0Buligay River 4800.61 17955.6 3.7 16140.6 3.4 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7Candawaga River 7914.09 53135.8 6.7 51811.3 6.5 53134.8 6.7 53134.8 6.7 53171.8 6.7Culasian River 10791.75 53576.9 5.0 53561.8 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53578.7 5.0Idyok River 951.10 1136.9 1.2 1138.8 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1138.8 1.2Ilog River 10809.76 34503.9 3.2 34675.4 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34737.1 3.2Inogbong River 3347.05 14064.4 4.2 9506.2 2.8 10759.7 3.2 14363.9 4.3 14126.0 4.2Iraan River 18356.83 46615.8 2.5 45774.7 2.5 46615.4 2.5 46618.5 2.5 46625.5 2.5Iwahig River 17834.89 133357.6 7.5 126537.1 7.1 91342.9 5.1 94036.8 5.3 133376.3 7.5Kinlugan River 6999.88 33106.8 4.7 33218.4 4.7 33269.8 4.8 33275.5 4.8 33236.0 4.7Labog River 5365.92 44376.4 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44654.8 8.3Lamikan River 15778.33 53632.6 3.4 53282.2 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53632.6 3.4Malambunga River 14512.93 58024.0 4.0 57879.7 4.0 57879.8 4.0 57879.8 4.0 58024.0 4.0Mambalot-Pilantropia River 12363.42 16175.6 1.3 9757.1 0.8 16192.4 1.3 16192.4 1.3 16192.5 1.3Marangas River 4840.48 24817.2 5.1 2302.8 0.5 24426.4 5.0 24818.2 5.1 24818.5 5.1Panalingaan River 7107.03 53114.2 7.5 53119.4 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53128.7 7.5Panitian River QZ 17903.02 92247.9 5.2 92229.2 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92267.7 5.2Pulot River 18192.31 43720.9 2.4 43836.3 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43843.2 2.4Ransang River 8915.92 59431.7 6.7 59720.4 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59752.5 6.7Salogon River 2492.34 21979.0 8.8 16769.8 6.7 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8Samare±ana River 7065.58 36449.8 5.2 28658.9 4.1 36472.2 5.2 36472.2 5.2 36472.8 5.2Saraza River 3836.27 19646.2 5.1 16380.8 4.3 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1Summerumsum River 3193.47 28998.6 9.1 28997.7 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.3 9.1Tagbuaya River 7251.98 38889.2 5.4 38849.9 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38905.4 5.4Tagusao River 5658.74 31632.2 5.6 31595.2 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31632.4 5.6Tarusan River 2811.51 16283.0 5.8 16120.3 5.7 16285.0 5.8 16285.0 5.8 16283.3 5.8Tasay River 2668.48 9315.8 3.5 7387.0 2.8 9314.4 3.5 9314.4 3.5 9315.8 3.5Tigaplan River 17248.77 51405.7 3.0 31027.6 1.8 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0Unnamed River 113.39 1459.3 12.9 890.2 7.9 1495.4 13.2 1460.9 12.9 3990.1 35.2

242962.77 1137284.5 1046591.6 1088921.2 1096126.1 1141246.9


Initial Results

Land Use Change 1998-2006

� Old growth forests being lost to open canopy and cultivation

� Residual forest being lost to cultivation

� 30% of brushland converted to cultivation

� Mangrove being lost to fishpond development


Watershed

Total Area of

Watershed (ha)

Total Erosion

(ton)

Streamflow (MCM)

Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40Babanga River 1564.42Barong-barong River 6079.11Bono-bono River 1326.23Bulalacao River 2510.68Buligay River 4800.61Candawaga River 7914.09Culasian River 10791.75Idyok River 951.10Ilog River 10809.76Inogbong River 3347.05Iraan River 18356.83Iwahig River 17834.89Kinlugan River 6999.88Labog River 5365.92Lamikan River 15778.33Malambunga River 14512.93Mambalot-Pilantropia River 12363.42Marangas River 4840.48Panalingaan River 7107.03Panitian River QZ 17903.02Pulot River 18192.31Ransang River 8915.92Salogon River 2492.34Samare±ana River 7065.58Saraza River 3836.27Summerumsum River 3193.47Tagbuaya River 7251.98Tagusao River 5658.74Tarusan River 2811.51Tasay River 2668.48Tigaplan River 17248.77Unnamed River 113.39

TOTAL 257502.69


Other Ongoing Activities• Capacity strengthening of PA management body• Management plan formulation

o Design of sustainable financing schemeo Design of tools for PA monitoring and adaptive

management

• Management plan implementation• Other relevant further technical assistance



18%

�30%

+ Mt. Mantalingahan . . .Sites with formal recognition as protected area

More positive outcomes in 2008 and beyond!

maraming salamat po

Education

Palawan Corridor Conservation Strategy and Current Initiatives