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7/31/2019 Birds of Palawan
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Birds of PalawanBio 159ZOOGEOGRAPHY
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These islands constitute the easternmostextension of the Asian continental (Sunda) shelf,
and thus some of their more widespread fauna
and flora are shared with the island of Borneo to
which they were once connected.
Number of species: 273
Number of endemics: 15
Number of globally threatened species: 12Number of introduced species: 1
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The vegetation on Palawan includes tropical lowland
evergreen rain forest, lowland semi-deciduous
(seasonal/monsoon) forest, montane forest at 800-1,500 m, and forests over limestone in the south
(WWF/IUCN 1994-1995).
Restricted-range species
All the restricted-range species occur in forest,
mostly in the lowlands. All species occur on
Palawan and four are confined to this island
alone.
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Threats and conservation
Palawan is the most forested island in the
Philippines with satellite data from 1988 showing54% of land forested (Dickinson et al. 1991).
However, forest is steadily giving way to logging,
mining and agriculture owing to immigration of
people from other more crowded parts of the
country (Quinnell and Balmford 1988, Collins et al.
1991). Consequently some of the restricted-range
species, mostly lowland birds which do not appearto tolerate degraded forest or secondary habitats,
are classified as threatened.
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VU Palawan Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron napoleonisKey facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Vulnerable
FamilyPhasianidae (Grouse,pheasants and partridges)
Species name author Lesson, 1831
Population size mature individuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
11,500 km2
Country endemic? Yes
It mainly inhabits primary and secondary forest on flat and rolling terrain, up to 800
m, occasionally occurring almost up to mossy forest and in Casuarina-dominateddwarf forest on serpentine rock. the species shows a strong preference for old
growth forest over advanced secondary growth, with none recorded in cultivation
(Mallari et al. 2011). The species's population density is thus positively correlated
with the density of large trees (Mallari et al. 2011).
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VU Grey Imperial-pigeon Ducula pickeringii
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Vulnerable
FamilyColumbidae (Doves andpigeons)
Species name author (Cassin, 1854)
Population size1500-7000 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
4,000 km2
Country endemic? No
It inhabits a variety of lowland, primary forest-types, also frequenting secondaryforest and cultivated areas with trees. Little is known about its movements. It is
reportedly resident on some northern Bornean islands, but certainly moves
between Philippine islands, and varied in abundance from 1995-1997 on
Karakelang, Indonesia. Like other small-island specialists, it presumably wanders
in search of food.
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LC Ashy-headed Babbler Malacocincla cinereiceps
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Least Concern
FamilyTimaliidae (Babblers andparrotbills)
Species name author (Tweeddale, 1878)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
12,100 km2
Country endemic? Yes
Rates of forest loss have been rapid on Palawan, but owing to
its ability to adapt to secondary growth this species is thought
to have experienced only moderately rapid declines.
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NT Blue Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone cyanescens
Key facts
Current IUCN Red List
category Near Threatened
Family Monarchidae (Monarchs)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1877)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
8,300 km2
Country endemic? Yes
This species is confined to primary and secondary forest, mostly in the lower-
lying areas. It does not occur in isolated tracts of secondary growth. A
moderately rapid population decline is suspected to be occurring as a result
of habitat loss and degradation within the species's range, particularly given
the lack of records from isolated or fragmented secondary forests.
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Palawan Flycatcher Ficedula platenaeLCVU
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Vulnerable
FamilyMuscicapidae (Chats andOld World flycatchers)
Species name author (Blasius, 1888)
Population size6000-15000 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
11,500 km2
Country endemic? Yes
It inhabits the lower storeys, up to 10 m from the ground, of lowland
primary forest up to at least 650 m, possibly favouring areas rich in rattan,bamboo and understorey palms; suggesting it may tolerate secondary or
degraded forests (R. Hutchinson in litt. 2012). However, although it has
also been recorded in secondary growth, observations suggest it is
sensitive to habitat modification.
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LC Palawan HornbillAnthracoceros marchei
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Vulnerable
Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills)
Species name author Oustalet, 1885
Population size1500-7000 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
13,400 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VU
It inhabits all storeys of
forests, including secondary
growth, up to 900 m, but
probably requires large trees
for nesting. It may also
frequents mangroves,cultivated land and
bushlands,
the species was recorded to reach its highest densities in old growth
forest, followed by advanced growth secondary forest, and lowest
densities in early growth secondary forest (Mallari et al. 2011).
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LC Grey-backed Tailorbird Orthotomus derbianus
Key facts
Current IUCN Red List
category
Least Concern
FamilySylviidae (Old Worldwarblers)
Species name author Moore, 1855
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Stable
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
61,000 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VULC
The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to
approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion
(10%
in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure).
For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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LC Blue-headed Racquet-tail Prioniturus platenae
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Vulnerable
Family Psittacidae (Parrots)
Species name author Blasius, 1888
Population size1500-7000 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
13,600 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUVU
This poorly-known species inhabits lowland forest, forest edge and
nearby cultivation, up to at least 300 m. On islands north of Palawan, it
has been recorded in ultrabasic forest, bamboo scrublands, mangrove
and in natural grassland with scattered trees.
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LC Falcated Wren-babbler Ptilocichla falcata
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory Vulnerable
FamilyTimaliidae (Babblers andparrotbills)
Species name author Sharpe, 1877
Population size10000-19999 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
6,000 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUVU
It inhabits the floor and undergrowth of primary lowland forest, particularly near
to streams, gullies and ridge-tops. It has been recorded up to 1,350 m on Mt
Victoria (R. Hutchinson in litt. 2012). Recent observations suggest that it may be
very sensitive to habitat modification, although it reportedly frequents thickets,
which is likely to mean dense secondary undergrowth and bamboo forest.
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LC Palawan Blue-flycatcher Cyornis lemprieri
Key facts
Current IUCN Red List
categoryNear Threatened
FamilyMuscicapidae (Chats andOld World flycatchers)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1884)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
11,000 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUNT
It occurs in lowland submontane dry primary forest and second growth, to 1,000
m. It forages in the understorey of forests and birds in breeding condition have
been observed in April-June. Rates of forest loss have been rapid on Palawan, but
owing to its ability to adapt to secondary growth this species is thought to have
experienced only moderately rapid declines.
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LC Palawan Swiftlet Collocalia palawanensis
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Least Concern
Family Apodidae (Swifts)
Species name author Stresemann, 1914
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Stable
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
11,800 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VULC
The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not approach
the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline
over ten years or three generations).
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LC Sulphur-bellied Bulbul Ixos palawanensis
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory Least Concern
Family Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls)
Species name author (Tweeddale, 1878)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
11,500 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VULC
Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline isnot believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under
the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations).
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LC Yellow-throated Leafbird Chloropsis palawanensis
Key facts
Current IUCN Red List
category
Least Concern
Family Chloropseidae (Leafbirds)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1877)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
13,500 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VULC
Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the
decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds
for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten
years or three generations).
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LC White-vented Shama Copsychus niger
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Least Concern
FamilyMuscicapidae (Chats andOld World flycatchers)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1877)
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident) 13,700 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VULC
The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to
approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion
(10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population
structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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LC Palawan Scops-owl Otus fuliginosus
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Near Threatened
Family Strigidae (Owls)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1888)
Population size10000-19999 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
8,600 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUNT
Otus fuliginosus is endemic to the Philippines where it is known from Palawan and
the adjacent islands of Alabagin and Balabac, with an unconfirmed report from
Calauit (Collaret al. 1999). It is a bird of lowland forest, but can adapt to mixed
cultivation and plantations.
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LC Palawan Striped-babbler Stachyris hypogrammica
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Near Threatened
FamilyTimaliidae (Babblers andparrotbills)
Species name author Salomonsen, 1961
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Stable
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
260 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUNT
This species occurs in primary montane forest areas (above 1,000 m) in the
south of the island. Stachyris hypogrammica is endemic to
Palawan,Philippines, where it is known from Mt Victoria, Mt Mataling, Mt
Borangbato, Mt Mantalingajan at the peak and at Magtaguimbong. Various
reports have suggested that it remains common within its limited range.
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LC Palawan Tit Parus amabilis
Key facts
Current IUCN Red List
categoryNear Threatened
FamilyParidae (Tits andchickadees)
Species name author Sharpe, 1877
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident)
14,300 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUNT
This species occurs in primary evergreen forest in the lowlands, and itsoccurrence at higher elevations remains to be confirmed. Levels of tolerance
of secondary or logged forest are also poorly understood.
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LC Mantanani Scops-owl Otus mantananensis
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Near Threatened
Family Strigidae (Owls)
Species name author (Sharpe, 1892)
Population size6000-15000 matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size
(breeding/resident)2,000 km2
Country endemic? No
VUNT
It is fairly common in coconut groves and other wooded habitats, although its
total area of occupancy is small. It hunts at the forest edge or in clearings,
feeding primarily on insects. Eggs are thought to be laid in March-May in a tree
cavity.
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LC Melodious Babbler Malacopteron palawanense
Key facts
Current IUCN Red Listcategory
Near Threatened
FamilyTimaliidae (Babblers andparrotbills)
Species name author B
Population sizeUnknown matureindividuals
Population trend Decreasing
Distribution size(breeding/resident) 3,500 km2
Country endemic? Yes
VUNT
This species occurs in primary and old secondary lowland evergreen forest,bamboo and forest edge. It may be an extreme lowland specialist, and its
absence from apparently suitable areas in St Paul's Subterranean River
National Park suggest that an unidentified habitat specialisation may
influence its distribution.
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Reference:
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red
Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Mallari, N. A. D.; Collar, N. J.; Lee, D. C.; McGowan, P. J. K.; Wilkinson, R.; Marsden, S. J.
2011. Population densities of understorey birds across a habitat gradient in Palawan,
Philippines: implications for conservation. Oryx45(2): 234-242