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Non-conventional
Sources
of
Energy
What is Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
• Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste as well as human excreta is known as non-conventional energy.
• All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Types of Non-Conventional Source of Energy
Wind Energy
Tidal Energy
Solar Energy
Geo-Thermal Energy
Energy from Biomass
Nuclear Energy
Wind Energy
• Wind power is harnessed by setting up a windmill which is used for pumping water, grinding grain and generating electricity.
• The gross wind power potential of India is estimated to be about 20,000 MW, wind power projects of 970 MW capacities were installed till March. 1998.
• Areas with constantly high speed preferably above 20 km per hour are well-suited for harnessing wind energy.
Wind Energy Contd…
• India has wind energy potential in only six states i.e. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. Other states have no or very less wind energy potential
• Tamil Nadu is in first place in Wind Energy production in India.
• State-wise Wind Energy Installed Capacity is given below
State Installed Capacity (in MW)
Tamil Nadu 7154
Maharashtra 2976
Gujarat 3114
Karnataka 2113
Rajasthan 2355
Tidal energy
• Sea water keeps on rising and falling alternatively twice a day under the influence of gravitational pull of moon and sun.
• This phenomenon is known as tides. It is estimated that India possesses 8000-9000 MW of tidal energy potential.
• The Gulf of Kutch is best suited for tidal energy.
• Presently costly
• Expensive to build and maintain
• A 1085MW facility could cost as much as 1.2 billion dollars to construct and run
• Connection to the grid
• Technology is not fully developed
• Barrage style only produces energy for about 10 hours out of the day
Tidal energy Contd…
Disadvantages
Advantages• No pollution
• Renewable resource
• More efficient than wind because of the density of water
• Predictable source of energy vs. wind and solar
• Second generation has very few disadvantages
• Does not affect wildlife
• Does not affect silt deposits
• Less costly – both in building and maintenance
Solar Energy
• Sun is the source of all energy on the earth. It is most abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy.
• AH other sources of energy draw their strength from the sun.
• India is blessed with plenty of solar energy because most parts of the country receive bright sunshine throughout the year except a brief monsoon period.
• India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, water dissimilation, space heating, crop drying etc.
Solar Energy Contd…
Advantages• All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the
thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
• Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!
Disadvantages• Sun does not shine consistently• Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must
concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity.
• Addressed by approaching the problem through: 1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Geo-Thermal Energy• Geothermal energy is thermal
energy generated and stored in the Earth.
• Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.
• The geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%).
• From hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation.
Energy from Biomass• Biomass is biological material derived from
living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulose biomass.
• As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.
• Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods.
• Wood remains the largest biomass energy source to date; examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste.
Nuclear Energy• Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use
of exothermic nuclear processes, to generate useful heat and electricity.
• The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. Along with other sustainable energy sources, nuclear power is a low carbon power generation method of producing electricity, with an analysis of the literature on its total life cycle emission intensity finding that it is similar to other renewable sources in a comparison of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of energy generated.
• Along with other sustainable energy sources, nuclear power is a low carbon power generation method of producing electricity, with an analysis of the literature on its total life cycle emission intensity finding that it is similar to other renewable sources in a comparison of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of energy generated.
Nuclear Energy Contd
Worldwide Nuclear Power Reactors• There are 440 nuclear power reactors in 31 countries.
• 30 more are under construction.
• They account for 16% of the world’s electricity.
• They produce a total of 351 gigawatts (billion watts) of electricity.
Nuclear Energy Contd
Nuclear Electricity Production by Countries and Regions in Gigawatts (World Total 350 Gigawatts) and percent of
electricity
US 97 Trend: declining
North America Region 109
France 63 Increasing
Germany 21 Being phased out
U. K. 12
Western Europe Region 126
Japan 44 Increasing
Asia Region 66 Increasing
Eastern Europe Region 11
Former Soviet U. Region 34
Nuclear Energy Contd
Now Let us a watch a video on How does a Nuclear Reactor work
Conclusion
We have now learnt the uses of Non-conventional sources energy. It is found to bemore useful in the modern age and especiallyWind Energy and Solar Energy is gettingpopular in India.In fact Government is also promoting thegeneration and use of these energy andprovide subsidy and tax benefits.Hence we, as a citizen of India take oath touse more of these kind of energy to save ourfuture and the Nation.
