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“Conventional & non conventionalSources of energy “
GUIDED BY
BINA MAM
‘’Conventional Sources Of Energy ’’
‘‘Traditional sources of energy’’
WHICH ARE EXHAUSTAIBLE
AND ARE FORMED IN NATURE AFTER MILLION OF YEAR THESE ARE ALSO
CALLEDTHE TRADITIONAL
SOURCES OF ENERGY .
EXAMPLE – OIL , NATURAL GAS ,
FIRE WOOD , COAL , etc.
THE REMAINS OF PREHISTORIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS WHICH GOT BURIED DEEP INSIDE THE EARLY MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO AND CHANGED INTO FUEL DUE TO EXCESS OF HEAT AND HIGH PRESSURE INSIDE THE EARTH ARE CALLED FOSSIL FUELS .
Fossil fuels -
Advantages of fossilfuels
1 . VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY CAN BE GENRATED IN
A PLACE USING COAL FAIRLY
CHEAPLY .2. TRANSPORTING OIL AND GAS TO
POWER STATIONS IS EASY .
3 . GAS – FIRED POWER STATIONS
ARE VERY EFFICIENT .
Disadvantages of Fossil fuels
1 . BURNING OF
FOSSIL FUEL CAUSES AIR POLLUTION .
2 . GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE CO2
ARE RELEASED ON BURNING FOSSIL
FUELS .3 . FOSSIL FUELS ARE NOT BURNT
COMPLETELY . THEY LEAVE ASHES AFTER
BURNING .
IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS , FUEL IS
BURNT TO PRODUCE HEAT ENERGY
WHICH IS CONVERT INTO ELETRICAL
ENERGY .LARGE AMOUNT OF FOSSIL FUELS ARE BURNT IN POWER
STATIONS TO HEAT UP WATER TO
PRODUCE STEAM WHICH FURTHER
RUNS THE TURBINE TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY .
THERMAL POWER - PLANT
working
The kinetic energy of the flowing water get converted into potential
energy and the water reservoir
is kept at a high so that
when the water is allowed to flow from a
high the kinetic energy of the water is converted into
electrical energy.
Hydro power plant -
Advantages of hydroelectricity
1 . No environmental pollution . 2 .Construction of dams helps in controlling flood and irrigation.
3 . The cost is less.
Disadvantages of hydroelectricity
1 .Construction of dams lead to ecological damage.2. Decreases soil fertility in the down stream area.3. Creates the problem of rehabilitation of displaced people.
1 . No environmental pollution . 2 .Construction of dams helps in controlling flood and irrigation.
3 . The cost is less.
Advantages of hydroelectricity
IMPORTANT HYDRO ELECTRICITY PROJECTS
1 .BHAKRA NANGALPROJECT ON SATLUJ.
2.HIRAKUD PROJECTON MAHANADI .
3.NAGARJUNA SAGARON KRISHNA .
4. URI HYDRO ELECTRICITY PROJECT
ON JHELUM.
Bio gas plant - BIO MASSThe waste
material of the living things and dead part of the plant and animal
is called bio-mass.
BIO GASIt is a mixture of 75% methane ,HydrogenSulphide,CO2 &HydrogenProduce by the decomposition of animal waste like animal dung or plant waste in the absence of air.It is also known as go bar gas.
ADVANTAGES OF BIO GAS
1 . IT BURNS WITHOUT SMOKE , THEREFORE
CAUSES LESS POLLUTION .
2 . ITS CALORIFIC VALUE IS HIGH .
3 . IT IS CONVENIENT TO USE AND LEAVE NO
RESIDUE .
USES OF BIO GAS
1 . IT IS USED FOR GENERATING
ELECTRICITY .
2 . IT IS USED TO RUN ENGINES AND PUMPING SETS .
3 . IT IS AN DOMESTIC FUEL FOR COOKING AS
WELL AS IN INDUSTRIES .
WIND ENERGY - MOVING AIR IS
CALLED WIND . AS THE MOVING
OBJECTS POSSES KINETIC ENERGY
AND AS SUCH THEY ARE CAPIABLE OF
DOING MECHANICAL BY VIRTUE OF ITS
MOTION . THE ENERGY POSSESSED
BY THE WIND IS DUE TO ITS
HIGH SPEED .
1 . IT IS AN ENVIROMENT – FRIENDLY AND
EFFICIENT SOURCES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY .
2 . IT REQUIRES NO RECURRING EXPENSES FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF ELECTRICITY .
3 . IT DO NOT CAUSES POLLUTION .
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY DENMARK
DENMARK IS CALLED COUNTRY OF WINDS.
MORE THAN 25 % OF THEIR
ELECTRICITY NEEDS ARE GENERATED
THROUGH A VAST NETWORK OF WIND
MILLS.
‘’Non Conventional Sources of Energy ‘’
‘’Alternative sources of energy ‘’
Alternative energy sources are inexhaustible and are thought to be "free" energy sources. They all have lower carbon emissions, compared to conventional energy sources.
These include Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy , wave energyEtc.
IT IS THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN . IT PROVIDES ALL OF US HEAT AND
LIGHT .
SOLAR RADITIONS MOSTLY CONSIST OF
1 . ULTRAVIOLET RAYS 2 . VISIBLE RAYS
3 . INFRARED RAYS . Solar devices are
1 . Solar cooker .2 . Solar cell .
3 . Solar panel .Etc.
SOLAR ENERGY -
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY
1.It does not Causes any pollution.
2.It is available Free of cost .
3. It is available in Abundance in
hot Countries likeours.
Limitation of Solar energy
It is not availableIn night.
It is not availableOn a cloudy day.It is not availableUniformly all the Time and at all
Places .
Due to attraction of moon on sea water , water surface rise and falls, thus the waves are formed , these waves are called tidal wave . And energy possessed by rising and falling water tides known as tidal energy .
Tidal energy -
Wave Energy -DUE TO BLOWING OF
WIND ON THE SURFACE OF OCEAN
VERY FASTSEA WAVES ARE
GNERATED . WHICH HAVE A LOT OF
KINETIC ENERGY IN THEM .
THIS ENERGY , WITH THE HELPOF VARIOUS
DEVICES CAN BE USED TO ROTATE THE
TURBINE OF GENERATOR
AND ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED .
Geo Thermal energy - THE HEAT FROM INTERIOR OF THE
EARTH CAN BE UTILISED AS A
SOURCE OF ENERGY UNDER CERTAIN
FAVORABLE CONDITION
THAT ARE CREATED BY NATURAL PROCESSES .
THIS IS KNOWN AS GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY . IT IS ONE OF THE SOURCE OF
ENERGY WHICH DO NOT COME DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY
Nuclear energy - ENERGY CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEUS OF ATOMS IS CALLED
NUCLEAR ENERGY . IT IS RELEASED DURING NUCLEAR REACTION .
A REACTION IN WHICH COMPOSITION
OF THE REACTING NUCLEI CHANGES TO
FORM NEW ELEMENTS WITH A
SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF LARGE
AMOUNT OF ENERGY IS CALLED A
NUCLEAR REACTION .
NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FUSIONThe reaction in which
A heavy nucleus Splits into two /
More smaller nucleusWith the evolutionOf large amount ofEnergy when it is Bombarded slow
Moving electrons isCalled nuclear fission
A reaction in which Two / more lighter
Nuclei fuse to form A heavy nucleus and
Large amount of energy given
out is called nuclear fusion
reaction .
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NUCLEAR FISSION
CONCLUSION -
CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Fossil fuels are the major sources of conventional energies. At present, many countries are overly dependent on fossil fuels to meet their requirement for power. The known reserves of fossil fuels have depleted to a large extent due to its continued use. If it continues, there is risk of complete exhaustion of these sources of energy.
NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Nuclear energy plants need to be implemented with proper caution and care. Any accidental leakage in nuclear power plants may lead to severe hazardous condition. will have to focus on alternative energy
sources, especially renewable energy sources, and make them more effective.
Vikram presentation limited