PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

• What is the periodic table ?What is the periodic table ?• What information is obtained from the table ?What information is obtained from the table ?• How can elemental properties be predicted How can elemental properties be predicted

based on the Periodic Table ?based on the Periodic Table ?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PERIODIC TABLEThe periodic table is your most important tool on The periodic table is your most important tool on the EOC. the EOC.

It organizes information on the elements.

HENRY MOSELEY

Responsible for modern periodic table. He organized the table by atomic number.

The Periodic LawSimilar physical and chemical properties recur periodically when the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number.

The periodic table is made up of rows and columns of elements

Different periodic tables can include various bits of information, but usually:– atomic number– symbol– atomic mass– number of valence

electrons– state of matter at room

temperature.

WHAT’S IN A SQUARE ?

Jlab.org

ATOMIC NUMBER

• This refers to how many protons an atom of that element has.

• No two elements, have the same number of protons.

This is a helium atom. Its atomic mass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).

What is its atomic number?

Wave ModelJlab.org

Symbols

• All elements have their own unique symbol.

• It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and one or two lower case letters.

CCarbon

CuCopper

Jlab.org

Atomic Mass

• Atomic Mass refers to the “weight” of the atom.

• It is derived at by adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons.

This is a helium atom. Its atomic mass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).

What is its atomic number?

Jlab.org

2

Valence Electrons• The number of valence

electrons an atom has may also appear in a square.

• Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.

• These are the electrons that are transferred or shared when atoms bond together.

• For the A groups, the group number indicates the number of valence electrons

Jlab.org

The elements of the periodic table can The elements of the periodic table can be divided into three main categories: be divided into three main categories: metals, nonmetals and metalloids.metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

Jlab.org

Elements in the periodic table are also grouped into families (groups), which are the columns. Elements in families have similar properties

Jlab.org

The elements are also categorized into periods, or horizontal rows.

Jlab.org

Families Periods

• Columns of elements are called groups or families.

• Elements in each family have similar but not identical properties.

• For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals.

• All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons.

• Each horizontal row of elements is called a period.

• The elements in a period are not alike in properties.

• In fact, the properties change greatly across even given row.

• The first element in a period is always an extremely active solid. The last element in a period, is always an inactive gas.

Jlab.org

Alkali metals (not H)Alkaline earth metals

Transition metalsHalogensNoble gasses Inner transition Inner transition

G = gas and L= liquid

G GGG

GG

G GGG

GG

L

L

VIIAVIAVAIVAIIIAIIAVIIAIA

MetalloidsIA, IIA, etc. labels

For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

Jlab.org

LANTHANIDE SERIES

ACTINIDE SERIES

http://www.csun.edu/science/chemistry/periodic_table/periodic_table_colors.doc

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.matter.ptable/

Click on the website below. Play the mystery element game. You may need to register in order to view and play.