The Periodic Table

Periodic Table Song- ASAP Science

(5:09)

Rapping the ElementsBy Oort Kuiper

Many people have heard of Tom Lehrer's 'The Elements' song. One day I decided to search for it online to memorise some stuff about the elements and found out that Daniel 'Harry Potter' Radcliffe had recently recited it on TV. I wondered what he (and the viewers) might have learnt about the elements by listening to it but shock horror...after listening I realised the song hadn't actually told me anything about The Periodic Table, except what's on it!

So I decided to do my own song, specifically about The Periodic Table.

The chorus contains the first 36 elements in order up to Krypton.

The first verse covers general info about the Periodic table.

The second verse lists the Alkali Metals and The Alkaline Earth Metals.

The third verse lists the Halogens and the Noble Gases.

Let me know if this rap helps you at all...or if it doesn't. Out of interest, if you manage to memorise the chorus, how long did it take.

good luck with your studies, or thirst for knowledge.

Peace,

O.K

(4:19)

TED Ed: Solving the Puzzle of the Periodic Table (4:19)

Organizing the Periodic Table of Elements

13

AlAluminum

26.982

Vocab What is it?

Atomic number

Chemical symbol

Element name

Atomic mass

Number of protons (unique)

Shorthand for name

Official scientific name

Average mass of atom (amu)

Subatomic Particle

What is it? How do we know how many?

What is its charge?(+ , - , 0)

proton

neutron

electron

Subatomic particle found IN nucleus

Subatomic particle found IN nucleus

Subatomic particle found OUTSIDE nucleus

Same as Atomic #

Same as Atomic # (usually)

Atomic mass minus atomic #

Positive

+

Neutral (no charge)

0

Negative

-

The Periodic Table SongBy Tom Lehrer

(written in 1959, before elements #104-118 had been identified and named)

Sheldon Sings the Elements

(1:25)

(0:41)

History of the Periodic Table

In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev was CLOSE when he organized the elements in the first periodic table according to their atomic mass.

In 1914, Henry Moseley discovered that if the elements were organized by their atomic number (# of protons), instead of their atomic masses, all elements fit the pattern.

***When elements are arranged into periods using atomic number, the properties repeat.

Find the zig-zag line on your periodic table!

Elements to the LEFT of the “staircase” are METALS. Color them GREEN.

Elements to the RIGHTof the “staircase” are NON-METALS.Color them BLUE.

Elements that BORDER the “staircase” are METALLOIDS. Color them YELLOW.

How the Periodic Table is Organized

Classes of Elements:

In the table below, color the metals green, the metalloids yellow, and the nonmetals blue.

VALENCE ELECTRONS are:The electrons in the outermost electron “cloud”

– These are the electrons that are responsible for bonding! They help ATOMS build everything that is MATTER in our universe out of 100ish elements!

• Find the number of valence electrons by finding the column number.

Properties:1. Most are SOLIDS at ROOM temperature

• MERCURY is a LIQUID at room temperature2. Shiny3. Good conductors of electricity and heat

4. Malleable: can be HAMMERED without BREAKING OR SHATTERING

5. Ductile: can be STRETCHED INTO WIRES

Metals

Metals

aluminum

iron

copper

gold

Properties:

1. More than HALF of the non-metals are SOLIDS at room temperature

2. Not shiny

3. Not malleable – will BREAK or SHATTER when hit with a hammer

4. Not ductile – cannot be SHAPED into a WIRE shape

5. BAD Conductors of Heat and Electricity!

Non-Metals

Non-Metals

Carbon(diamond)

sulfur

Carbon (graphite)

Metalloids

PROPERTIES:1. Have SOME properties of METALS and SOME

properties of NON-METALS

• For example, SILICON is SHINY (metal property) but a bad CONDUCTOR (non-metal property).

The Layout of the Periodic Table

COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES

ROWS are called PERIODS

• Elements in a group share common properties / characteristics.

(columns)

Now, color the groups on your periodic table!

1A: green ALKALI METALSMiddle: No color TRANSITION METALS8A: red NOBLE GASES

Now, let’s look at some groups to get the idea of why Moseley organized them the way he did:

Group 1: Alkali Metals• Soft enough to be cut with a KNIFE, usually

silver & shiny

• The MOST REACTIVE metals, this means they bond EASILY with other atoms.

• Pure ALKALI metals are often stored in OIL to prevent the substance from REACTING with WATER and OXYGEN in the air.

• Their OUTER shell has only ONE electron

Brainiac Mixes Alkali Metals with Water(3:17)

Groups 3 – 12: Transition Metals

• Have SOME of the NORMAL METAL properties

• Most metals are SOLID, but MERCURY is the only LIQUID metal at room temperature

• Most metals are SILVER in color – except for GOLD and COPPER!

Why are they there? BECAUSE THEY DON’T FIT!!!(the periodic table would be too wide to fit in a textbook)

like Hawaii and Alaska on an U.S. map)

Lanthanides & Actinides – part of the transition metals

(those rows on the bottom)

Group 8A: Noble Gases

• Non-metals

• Un-reactive because their OUTER shell is FULL

• ARGON is used in LIGHT BULBS, and NEON is used in NEON SIGNS

• Both won’t “BURN OUT” for a long time because they don’t REACT with the air (or MOST other) molecules.

Hydrogen• Can be considered part of group 1A

– Only has ONE electron in its OUTER shell

• Can be considered part of group 7A– It’s ONE electron away from being FULL

• USUALLY ACTS LIKE A NON-METAL!

• Most ABUNDANT (means COMMON) element

• Found in all STARS- including our sun.