Working Together for StudentsOpen Textbook CollaborationBC and Manitoba

Lauri AesophManager, Open Education, BCcampusCampus Manitoba WebinarDecember 3, 2015Photo: IMG_4590 by Tom Woodward CC-BY-NC

Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.

Feel free to use, modify or distribute any or all of this presentation with attribution.

1. The textbook problem2. What are open textbooks?3. The importance of faculty reviews4. The process: How Manitoba faculty

reviews work

AGENDA

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Connect the expertise, programs, and resources of all BC post-secondary institutions under a collaborative service delivery framework

• Promote & support the development & use of Open Educational Resources• System wide initiatives to facilitate the enhancement of a high quality teaching & learning

culture.

Open Education & Professional Learning

The Problem

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Average student debt difficult to pay off, CBC, March 11, 2014Student Debt in Canada, Canadian Federation of Students, Fall 2013

After three years of post-secondary schooling in Nova Scotia, Verge graduated in 2008 with about $25,000 of debt — just about the national average. More than five years later, she has only managed to pay back about $2,000.

For people like Verge, high debt loads are not only a financial stress but can delay the time it takes individuals or couples to reach certain milestones, such as having children, getting married or owning property…

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39%

29%

19%

8%5%

How much students in Canada say they spend on textbooks per term

$200 or less$200-$400$400-$600$600-$800$800+

Data on Textbook Costs, Higher Education Strategy Association, published February 2015Data gathered Fall 2012 n=1350

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65% students have not purchased a textbook for a course during their academic career because of price

Source: Fixing the Broken Textbook Market U.S. PIRGCover image: Center for Public Interest Research used under CC-BY 4.0 license

Type Course Textbook Credit Hours

New Used

Req BIOL 1410 Anatomy of the Human Body 3 $167.00 $125.25

Req BIOL 1412 Physiology of the Human Body 3 $ $

Req MBIO 1220

Essentials of Microbiology 3 $268.95 $201.71

Science STAT 1000 Basic Statistical Analysis 1 3 $119.95 $89.96

Science PHYS 1810 General Astronomy 1 3 $185.00 $138.75

Science CHEM 1300

University 1 Chemistry 3 $152.95 $114.71

SS / Humanities

PSYC 1200 Introduction to Psychology 6 $128.65 $96.49

SS / Humanities

ENGL 1300 Literature since 1900 (Anthology) 6 $61.50 $46.13

Total 30 $1084.00 $813.00

Program: Pre-Nursing (Required Courses for Admission to Bachelor of Nursing)

Principal/Agent Problem

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Why textbook prices keep climbing Planet Money, NPR October 3, 2014

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Why Textbooks Cost So Much, The Economist, August 16, 2014

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Drugs and Prescriptions Seth Anderson CC-BY-NC-SA

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“The cardinal lesson is that prices rise unchecked if the people who order the goods aren’t paying the prices.”

The $250 Econ 101 Textbook, Craig Richardson, Wall Street Journal, Jan. 13, 2015

When we start talking about the cost of textbooks, we must realize that there’s more at stake than student debt.

There also are pedagogical implications to high textbook costs

How students battled textbook publishers to a draw, Planet Money, NPR, Oct 9, 2014

How students battled textbook publishers to a draw, Planet Money, NPR, Oct 9, 2014

What is going on here?

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Textbook Costs vs Student Success

Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual CampusSlide: CC-BY Cable Green, Creative Commons via http://www.project-kaleidoscope.org/

60%+ do not purchase books at some point due to book cost

35% take fewer courses due to book cost

31% choose not to register for a course due to book cost

23% regularly go without textbooks due to book cost

14% have dropped a course due to book cost

10% have withdrawn from a course due to book cost

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“My textbook is……back-ordered…in the mail…out of stock…the wrong edition…on hold until my student loan arrives…not needed until I decide I want this course”

How often do students start the term without the resources they need?

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Students Get Savvier about Textbook Buying, The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 2013

Emma Anderson, 21Political science, U. of California at Berkeley

“Usually when I don’t buy it, it’s because I’ve found that you actually don’t need it for the class.”

Jennifer Bi, 20Economics, U. of California at Berkeley

“My most expensive class was clinical psych, because she writes the textbook herself, and it has a new edition every semester or something ridiculous. So it was like almost $200. And the thing is that you can’t use the previous edition, because she changes it herself because she knows the textbooks sell well. It’s like so manipulative.”

Marie Efira, 63Anthropology, Foothill College

“I had to take very few classes, because each time the price of the book more than doubles the tuition fee. It took me much longer to get my degree.”

“Learning is a very human activity. The more people feel they are being treated as human beings – that their human needs are being taken into account – the more they are likely to learn, and learn to learn”

Malcolm Knowles

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Problems

1. Textbooks are expensive2. Students are not using them3. Students can’t keep them4. Students can fall weeks behind5. Students are taking more time to finish6. Learning is negatively affected

Open textbooks can help

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What are open textbooks?

A textbook released under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public; anyone.

They are available for free as online and electronic versions, or as low-cost printed versions, should students opt for these.

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Where do they come from?

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The 5 R’s of Open

• Make and own copiesRetain• Use in a wide range of

waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and

improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribut

eAdapted (color change) from Open Education: A “Simple” Introduction by David Wiley released under CC-BY license

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Creative Commons logo by Creative Commons used under a CC-BY 3.0 LicenseCC license image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law used under CC-BY 2.5 South Africa license

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What about copyright?

copyright (1) by Maria Elena released under CC-BY 2.0 license

Faculty have the full legal rights to customize and contextualize open textbooks to fit their pedagogical needs

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Adoption Results

Year Sections Students Savings

2013 20 683 $59,300 - $87,960

2014 90 3108 $301,800 - $432,673

2015 190 5709 $566,400 - $684,130

Total 300 9500 $940,700 - $1.215 mil

Beyond Free

Improve Learning

Fischer, L., Iii, J. H., Robinson, T. J., & Wiley, D. A. (2015). A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x

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Course completion• Open textbook (OTB) students were as likely or more likely to complete their

course• In one course, the completion rate was15% higher for students using open

textbooks.

Grades• Final grades => than those assigned traditional textbooks. • ¼ courses OTB students achieved higher grades

Credit load• OTB students took approximately 2 credits more both in the semester of the

study and in the following semester.

Overall success• OTB students in more than ½ of the courses that used open textbooks did

better according to at least one academic measure used in the study• Students in 93% of these courses did at least as well by all of the measures.

Adapted from College Textbooks: Do You Get What You Pay For by Nicole Allen CC-BY

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11 Peer Reviewed Studies

48,623 Students

93% Same or Better Outcomes

Source: http://openedgroup.org/Credit: adapted from David Wiley CC-BY

BC Open Textbook Project

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BC Open Textbook Project

2012: 40 open textbooks for the highest enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-secondary subjects in BC

2013: 20 open textbooks for technical and skills training, trades

Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe Used under CC-SA license

Phase 1

Phase 2

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Provincial Partnerships

BC Open Textbook Project / BC - First province in Canada

2013 – MOU Alberta and Saskatchewan

2015 – Campus Manitoba

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The Project

Don’t reinvent it by Andrea Hernandez released under CC-BY-NC-SA and based on Wheel by Pauline Mak released under CC-BY license

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open.campusmanitoba.com

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Faculty Reviews ($250)

291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

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Reviews > Adaptations

My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

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New Creations

Review Process

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Overview

• $250 per review• 25 reviews from Manitoba• To qualify: teaching in the subject area at an approved Manitoba

institution• Reviews published alongside the book in both Manitoba and BC sites• Reviews done against standard rubric – both qualitative and

quantitative• Reviews are released with a CC-BY-ND (No Derivative) licenses• 3 months to do a review• No print copies of books. Electronic versions.

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Step 1: Select a textbook at open.campusmanitoba.com

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Step 2: Review a textbook

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Step 3: Apply to review

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Step 3: Apply to review

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Step 3: Apply to review

Instructions & Unique Link

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Step 4: Download and review

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Step 5: Complete your review online

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Step 5: Complete your review online

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Step 4: Display and payment

• Once submitted, displays 24 hours later on both site• Automatically triggers payment notification to BCcampus• Contacted by BCcampus to acknowledge receipt of review and

when to expect payment• Cheques issued and mailed by SFU• 6-8 weeks

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Manitoba reviews so far

• Reviews officially open October 1, 2015• 13 Manitoba faculty have been accepted to review open textbooks• Applications from:

• Assiniboine Community College• Red River College

• Textbooks currently in review are in the subject areas of:• Adult literacy fundamentals, Math• Anatomy and physiology• Biology• Chemistry• Common core trades• Geographic information system• Human resources• Marketing• Project management

Questions?

open.bccampus.ca@lauriaesoph @bccampushttp://www.slideshare.net/bccampus