BASICS OF MANAGEMENT

Functions of Mgt.

Levels of M

gt.

Characteristics of M

gt.

Mgt. Science & Art

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Nature of Management: Meaning, Definition, it's nature purpose, importance &Functions, Management as Art, Science & Profession- Management as social SystemConcepts of management-Administration-Organization

Evolution of Management Thought:Contribution of F.W.Taylor, Henri Fayol , EltonMayo , Chester Barhard & Peter Drucker to the management thought. Variousapproaches to management (i.e. Schools of management thought)Indian ManagementThought

Functions of Management:Planning - Meaning - Need & Importance, types levels – advantages & limitations.Forecasting - Need & Techniques, Decision making - Types - Process of rational decisionmaking & techniques of decision makingOrganizing - Elements of organizing & processes: Types of organizations, Delegation ofauthority - Need, difficulties in delegation – Decentralization Staffing - Meaning &ImportanceDirection - Nature – Principles Communication - Types & ImportanceMotivation - Importance – theories Leadership - Meaning - styles, qualities & functions ofleaders

Organization?

• A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose.

• Characteristics of an Organization

Management?

• Example: To start a Business…

• The process of using men, money, machines, material and processes through proper direction, coordination and integration of several activities so as to produce desired results and attain predetermined goals.

• Management: Input Output

• OR Process of getting things done, efficiently and effectively, through and with other people.

Characteristics of Mgt.

• Mgt. is Universal

• Mgt. is goal oriented

• Mgt. is continuous process

• Mgt. is an integrating process

• Mgt. is intangible

• Mgt. is multi-disciplinary

• Mgt. is a social process

• Mgt. is situational

Levels of Mgt.

Importance of MGT.

• Attainment of Goals

• Stability and Growth

• Change and Development

• Efficiency and Effectiveness

Concepts of Management

• Integration Concept

• Decision Making Concept

• Human Relation Concept

• Productivity Concept

• Functional Concept

Functions of Mgt.

Planning Organizing Staffing

Controlling Co-ordinating Directing

Mgt. Science & Art

• Mgt. is an art of making people more effective and Science is in how you do it. (E.g.- 4 workers produce 6 units in a day…)

• Mgt. is Science• Descriptive in nature• Based on certain techniques and concepts• Example: ‘Consumerism’

• Mgt. is an Art• Creative in nature• Personalized Process• Example: ‘Painter’

Management Styles

Managerial Roles

Information Processing

• Manager’s Role as a Monitor.

• Manager’s role as a disseminator.

• Manager’s role as a spokesman.

• STRENGTH• WEAKNESS• OPPORTUNITY• THREAT

Decision Making

• As an Entrepreneur.

• As a conflict handler.

• As a Resource allocator.

• As a Negotiator.

Interpersonal Relationships

• As a Figurehead.• As a Leader.• As a Liaison

officer.

Managerial Skills

• Conceptual Skills

• Analytical Skills

• Decision making Skills

• Human Relations or Behavioural Skills

• Administrative Skills

• Technical Skills

Mgt. Theories

1. Administrative (14 – Principles)• Henry Fayol

2. Scientific Management• F. W. Taylor

3. Human Relation Movement• Abraham Maslow• Douglas McGregor• Elton Mayo• Mary Parker Follet

Administrative Mgt. – Henry Fayol (14. P)1. Division of Work

2. Authority & Responsibility

3. Discipline

4. Unity of Command

5. Unity of Direction

6. Individual to General Interest

7. Remuneration

8. Centralization

9. Scalar Chain

10. Order

11. Equity

12. Stability of Tenure

13. Initiative

14. Esprit de Corps

Scientific Management – F. W. Taylor

1. Science – Not Rule Of Thumb

2. Harmony – Not Discord

3. Employee Efficiency

4. Cooperation – Not Individualism

• Credit to all employees

5. Maximum – Not Restricted Output

• Economies of Scale

Fayol Vs. Taylor

Basis Taylor Fayol

Human aspectTaylor disregards human elements and there is more stress on improving men, materials and methods.

Fayol pays due regards on human element. E.g. Principle of initiative, Espirit De’ Corps and Equity

Status Father of scientific management

Father of management principles

Efficiency & administration Stressed on efficiency Stressed on general administration

Approach It has micro-approach because it is restricted to factory only.

It has macro-approach and discusses general principles of management.

Scope of principlesThese principles are restricted to production activities.

These are applicable in all kinds of organization.

Human Relation Movement• Psycho-Social System

• Needs (apart from economic needs)

• Recognition, appreciation, self respect.

• Interpersonal Relationship

• Remove Conflicts

• Managers should get along with workers

• Sense of Belongingness – Importance to workers

• Example: A girl and her Boss Story……

• Degree of Satisfaction & Motivation

Modern Approaches To Management • Quantitative Approach (Air India – ROI & no. of Aircrafts)• Rational Decisions – Planning & Controlling

• Contingency Approach• Study, Analyze and Package preparation • E.g.- Material Not Remuneration• Situation Driven

• Behavioural Approach• Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology• All are different – Perception, interests, goals.

• System Approach• Overall Picture of an Organization• Relationship b/w internal components