52 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN

International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59

IntroductionSex ratio is one of the important indicators to

measure the extent of equity between males and fe-males in a society at a given point of time and also animportant source to comprehend women's health andposition in any society. Sex ratio is number of femalesper 1000 males. The population census of 2011 revealedthat sex ratio in India in 2011 is 940 females per 1000males. It has shown improvement in last 10 years, hasgone up by 7 points from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011. Butthis composition of population by gender is not uni-form. It shows a diverse pattern across different statesand union territories. Kerala and Puduchery are theonly two places in India where females are more thanmales. State of Kerala has 1084 females for every 1000males, has the best sex ratio in India. Whereas Haryanahas 879 females for 1000 males, which is below nationalaverage and lowest in India as per census 2011. Thispaper examines the changing pattern of sex ratio inHaryana of 21 districts over the last century and inves-tigates current trends of sex ratio.Study Area:-

The state of Haryana is located in the north-ern part of India and has New Delhi as its neighbouralong with Punjab & Rajasthan. Population of Haryanaas per 2011 Censes stands at about 25 million. Haryanaspreads over an area of about 44212 .sq Km. The lit-eracy rate in the state is about 76%. Density ofpopulationis 573 persons per sq km which is fifth highest in Indianstates.

Objectives:-The present study has been undertaken with thefollowing specific objectives.• To study the arithmetic sex ratio in the study region.• To find out the Changing pattern of sex ratio in

Haryana during 2001-2011Data base & Methodology

The present study is primarily passed onsecondary data collected from census reports of Govt.Of India covering sex ratio of 21 districts of Haryana.The sex ratio is measured given the following formula.Female PopulationFormula = Sex ratio = × 100Male Population As per the Censes 2011, Population of Haryana is 2.54Crore i.e. 25,351,462 of which male are 13,494,734 &female are 11,856,728. Sex ratio of Haryana is 879 fe-males per thousand males.See Table 1

Table 1 shows that in 1901 sex ratio in Haryanawas 867, It declined to 835 in 1911. Sex ratio increasedto 844 in 1921 and further increased to 871 in 1951 &then again showed a declining trend. It was 861 in 2001and has increased to 879 in 2011, a leap of 18 points,which is a considerable increase but it is below nationalaverage of 940 as per censes 2011. The sex ratio inHaryana in past 100 years has remained between 835 onthe lowest side & 879 on the highest side. In 1901 it was867 & it was same in 1971. See Table 2

Table 1:- Haryana: Sex RatioYear Population Male Female Sex ratio1901 46,23,064 24,76,390 21,46,674 8671911 41,74,677 22,74,909 18,99,768 8351921 42,55,892 23,07,985 19,47,907 8441931 45,59,917 24,73,228 20,86,689 8441941 52,72,829 28,21,783 24,51,046 8691951 56,73,597 30,31,612 26,41,985 8711961 75,90,524 40,62,787 35,27,737 8681971 1,00,36,431 53,77,044 46,59,387 8671981 1,29,22,119 69,09,679 60,12,440 8701991 1,64,63,698 88,27,474 76,36,174 8652001 2,11,44,564 1,13,63,953 97,80,611 8612011 2,53,51,462 1,34,94,734 1,18,56,728 879

Source:-census of India 2001, Administrative Atlas and Census of India 2011(Haryana profile)

Research Paper -Economics

December , 2013

Changing pattern of sex ratio in Haryana

* Monisha Chaudhary ** Dr Renu Sardana

* Asst.Professor (Economics) Govt. College Tigaon ,Faridabad** Asst.Professor (Economics) Govt. College Tigaon Faridabad

53SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN

International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59

Table 3 shows that as per census 2011. Totalsex ratio in Haryana is 879 females per 1000 males & itvaries from one district to another. Top districts ac-cording to sex ratio are Mewat(906), Fatehabad( 904)&Rewari (898). Bottom districts having lowest sex ratioare Sonepat & Gurgaon with sex ratio of 853. Female sex

ratio dipped in Mahendergarh by 24 points from 918 in2001 to 894 in 2011 & Rewari by one point to be at 898in 2011. Jhajjar with 774 female child per 1000 male childin Haryana has the Country's worst sex ratio in (0-6) agegroup. Mewat has 903 child sex ratio which is highestin Haryana. Out of 21 districts 20 districts are below 880(national average) in child sex ratio. 5 districts haveshown declining child sex ratio. Bhiwani (841) in 2001has dipped by 10 points to 831 in 2011. Jhajjar 801 in2001 dipped by 27 points to be at 774 in 2011. InMohindergarh child sex ratio dipped by 40 points from818 in 2001 to 778 in 2011. In Rewari it dipped by 27Points from 811 in 2001 to 784 in 2011 & Faridabadshowed decline of 5 point to be at 842 in 2011. 5 DistrictsAmbala (807), Rohtak (807), Jhajjar (774), Mohendergarh(778) & Rewari (784) are among the bottom ten districtsof India in child sex ratio.Reasons for the decline in Sex ratio in Haryana:-

Haryana has the lowest sex ratio in India.Main reason of decline in sex ratio is due to the biasedattitude which is meted out to the women. The assump-tion is that the girls are a burden, a liability to the familywhere as boys carry the family name forward & bringhonour to it & it is Coupled with burgeoning ultra-sound centres. This has fuelled the menace of femalefoeticide. Sex ratio at birth is influenced by sex selec-tion abortions, Son preference, high mortality rate,female foeticide, cultural practises & neglect of girlchild.Conclusion:-

Haryana has the lowest sex ratio in the coun-try. Social attitude of preference of male child, lowwomen status & poor health facilities led to low sexratio, although it has increased by 18 pts and is highestin past 110 years but it is much below the nationalaverage & a lot needs to be done to improve the socio-economic status of women & create an environmentagainst sex selection. Deficit in female population, leadsto demographic imbalance and adverse social conse-quences. It can only be suggested that sensitisation isthe most important thing that can be done to come outof this complex situation.

Table 2:- The Trends in sex ratio in India & Haryana - Acomparison:-

Year Sex ratio in India Sex ratio in Haryana1901 972 8671911 964 8351921 955 8441931 950 8441941 945 8691951 946 8711961 941 8681971 930 8671981 934 8701991 927 8652001 933 8612011 940 879

Source: - Census of India 2011.

Table 3:- District wise sex ratio & child sex ratio 2001& 2011 in Haryana.

Sex Ratio Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years)

District 2001 2011 2001 2011Panchkula 823 870 829 850Ambala 868 882 782 807Yamuna Nagar 862 877 806 825Kurukshetra 866 889 771 817Kaithal 853 880 791 821Karnal 865 886 809 820Panipat 829 861 809 833Sonepat 839 853 788 790Jind 852 870 818 835Fatehabad 884 904 828 845Sirsa 882 896 817 852Hisar 851 871 832 849Bhiwani 879 884 841 831Rohtak 847 868 799 807Jhajjar 847 861 801 774Mohinder Garh 918 894 818 778Rewari 899 898 811 784`Gurgaon 850 853 807 826Mewat 899 906 893 903Faridabad 826 871 847 842Palwal 862 879 854 862Source:- Censes of India 2011 (Haryana Profile)

1 A socio Cultural study of declining sex ratio in Delhi & Haryana - a Report - National institute of Public Cooperation& Child development.

2 Census of India 2011:- Population total, Paper 1 of 2011, series-1 -Registrar General& Census commissioner of India.3 Human Development Report 2011:- gender inequality & related indicators.4 A situational analysis of women and girls in Haryana - National commission for women New Delhi.5 Barakade, AJ(2012) "Declining sex ratio : An Analysis with special reference to Maharashtra " Geosciences Research ,

vol3,No1,pp-92-95.

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