Input devices

Input and output devices

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Input devicesHardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control the computer.

By Rameen khan

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Video devicesUsed to digitize images or video from the outside world into the computer.

Digital cameraWebcamMedia players

examples

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WebcamA webcam is a hardware camera connected to a computer.captures a video image of the scene in front of it. Either built in or connected through USB.

Digital cameras can also be connected to a computer to transfer photos and videos.Most digital cameras do not directly input data into a computer - they store photographs onmemory cards.

Digital cameras

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Media playersDevices that play any sort of media.

Types

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ScannerA device that scansimages, book pages, etc.

The scanned image data is passed to the computer.

Flat-bedExample

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Audio Input devicesAllow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Microphone MIDI keyboard

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Microphone Hardware peripheral that allows computer users to input audio into their computers

MIDI information is sent to a computer that is capable of reproducing an array of digital sounds that resemble traditional analog musical instruments.MIDI Keyboard

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POINTING AND DRAW DEVICES

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Hardware input device which allows the user to move the mouse pointer, Examples of pointing devices are computer mouse, trackball,light pens,touchpad,and even the keyboard.A pointing device is an external tool that is used to move objects around and also to select options from menus.

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PENThe pen lets you draw on what is called a digitizing tablet that mirrors the surface area of the computer screen.The pen can be used as a standard mouse (without wires connected to it) or also as a free flowing drawing device.The pen is useful for drawing since drawing,graphics with a mouse tends to be somewhat difficult.

Types of Point and draw devices

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Mouse The mouse is a hand held device that lets you point to and selected icons on your screen. In a PC mouse there are mostly 2-3 buttons and on a Mac there is a one. A ball under the mouse senses movement to ensure smooth motion your should remove the ball and clean it regularly.KeyboardOne of the main input or point and draw device used on a computer, a PC s keyboard looks very similar to the keyboards of electric typewriters,with some editional keys.Below is a graphic of the Saitek gamers keyboard with indicators pointing to each of the major portions of the keyboard.

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CORDLESS MOUSEThe cordless mouse is a lot better than a normal mouse thus by reducing the clutter of the work needed to move the mouse around.When you move the mouse it sends an infrared beam to a sensor which interprets it causing it to a Move.TRACKBALLTom Cranston and Fred Longstaff, Ferranti Canada.Developed a trackball for use in DATAR computer.The trackball is an upside down mouse that remains stationary on your desk. same as mouse except that the rollers are reversed

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TOUCHPADThe touchpad has sensors that sensor touch when thy sensor touch they send a signal to the computer to move the mouse pointer to that location on the screenJOYSTICKThe joystick allows the user to move quickly in computer games light pen-the light pen system allows the user to touch the computer screen with a lighted pen to activate commands and make selections.

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LIGHT PENThe light pen system allows the user to touch the computer screen with a lighted pen to activate commands and make selections. TOUCH SCREENThe touch screen lets the user touch the area to be activated by using the finger or hand.

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Keyboard and Data Scanning devices

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WHAT IS KEYBOARD?Primaryinput devicesused with a computer that looks similar to electrictypewriters, but with some additional keys. Allows the user to inputletters,numbers, and othersymbols that often function as commands.

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HISTORY Typewriters are called as definite ancestors of all key-based text entry devices.The computer keyboard drives from the utility of two devices Teleprinters (or teletypes) KeypuncheSFor the very first time Frank Pearne started working on telepronters,later on it is developes in 1907-1910by american mechanical engineer Charles Krum and his son Howard.In 1930 Herman Hearth developed the first key punch device.From the 1940s until the late 1960s, typewriters were the main means of data entry and output for computing.Keyboards remain central to human-computer interaction to the present, even as mobile personal computing devices such assmartphones.

OVERVIEW OF KEYBOARD

TYPES OF KEYBOARDLapLaptop keyboards The size of the notebook keyboard, which is always smaller by and not including control keys or a keypad.

Smartphone and tablet keyboards Most of today'ssmart phonesandtabletsdo not have a physical keyboard use athumb keyboardoron-screen keyboardto type messages using their thumbs or other fingers.

scannerA device that scans documents and converts them into digital data.

Common types of scanner

FLAT BED SCANNERLooks like a photocopy machine.Has a box with a glass plate on the top and a lid.Document to be scanned placed on a glass plate.A light source below the glass plate moves from 1 line to the another and scan all lines.Take few seconds to scan.

Hand held scannERContain LEDs and can be held in handTo scan dragged slowly over the document from one end to anotherHas to be dragged very slowly.Used only when high acuuracey is not needed.Cheeper then a flatbed scanner.Used when volume of documents to be scanned is low

Other types of scannerOMR-OPTICAL MARK READER

Bar code reader

MICR-Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

DIGITIZER

ELECTRONIC CARD READER

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OutputThe information generated after processing data is called output.

There is different type of output.

Soft copy outputHard copy output

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OUTPUT DEVICESOutput devices are hardware component, attached with computer.They take information from computer and convert it in the form understandable by user. The commonly used output devices are:MonitorPrinterPlotterSpeaker

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What is a moniter/display screen?

CRT MonitorsFlat Screen

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Monitor/display screenDisplay screen is most common output devices. It is also called Monitor or simply screen.

It is used to display output as soft copy.

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ContSize:Display screen are available in different size. The size of a display screen is measured diagonally from one corner to another. The common sizes of display screen are from 13 to 22 inches.Color: There are two types of display screens.MonochromRGB

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ContMonochrome: This display screen uses two colors one as background and others as foreground to display text, images, graphics etc. It is commonly called black and white display screen.RGB: This is color display screen. RGB stands for Red, Green, and Blue. Different combinations of these colors are used to display color images on the screen.

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Types of Display ScreenThere are two types of display screen.

Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)

Flat Panel Display.

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CRT Monitor:It is most common form of display screen. It looks like a TV screen. CRT is a vacuum tube.There are one or more electron guns at the end of tube.CRT electron gun converts bits in to beam of electrons. When beam of electrons hits the phosphor dots they glow.The combined effect of these dots generates an image on the screen.

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Flat Panel MonitorFlat panel monitor is lightweight, take less space and consume less power than CRT monitor.Laptop computer uses flat panel monitor. Flat Panel Monitor can also be used with personal computer.Flat Panel Monitor is made up of two glass plates. There is a substance between two glass plates. This substance is activated in different ways. There are three types of flat panel display screen.

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types of flat panelLCD

ELD

Gas Plasma Display

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ContLCD: LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD uses liquid crystal between the glass plates. The molecules of liquid crystal line up in such a way that light behind the screen is blocked or allowed through to create images.

ELD:ELD stands for Electronic Luminescent Display. It contains a substance between two glass plates. This substance glows when electric current charges it.

Gas Plasma Display: These monitors use gas plasma technology. There is a layer of gas between two glass plates. This gas glows when electric charges is supplied. This technology offers large screen size and higher display quality.

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Printers and Projectors39

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40Printer its types, working and usefulness

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41PrintersImpact PrintersNon-Impact Printers

DaisywheelDot-MatrixInkjetThermalLaser

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An external hardware device responsible for taking computer data and generating a hard copy of that data. Printers are one of the most commonly used peripherals and they print text and still images on the paper.42What is a printer?

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Impact PrinterThese printers have a mechanism that touches the paper to create an image. These printers work by banging a print head containing a number of metal pins which strike an inked ribbon placed between the print head and the paper.

An impact printer showing details of print head.

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Non-Impact PrintersThese printers create an image on the print medium without the use of force.They dont touch the paper while creating an image.Non-impact printers are much quieter than impact printers as they dont strike the paper.

A non-impact printer

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Projectors

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What is a Projector?It is an electronic device used to project rays of light, especially an apparatus with a system of lenses for projecting images or film onto a screen.46

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LCDDLPCRT

The main types of Projectors

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Liquid Crystal Display3 different LCD glass panels for Red, Blue, Green(These transfer the image signal to the to projector.Cheap home theatre optionLCD

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DLP Optical semi-conductor called a DMD chip(Digital micro mirror device)Consists of millions of mirrors, that work at 10 different degrees in angles.DMD chips can produce 1024 shades of grey.DLP

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Cathode Ray tube- three tubes commonly called guns, These 3 tubes combine colors to create the image.Low picture brightness qualityVery cumbersome in sizeCan be tuned and refined to a great picture quality.CRT

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PLOTTERS

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Punched cards

Punched cards, popularly known as IBM cards, were the dominant input device prior to the introduction of personal computers. Punched cards use a Hollerith code, named after its inventor, Herman Hollerith (18601929).Each card has eighty columns with one character per column; therefore each punched card holds eighty characters or exactly one row of text or characters a unit record.

Computer programming in the punched card era

Invention:From the invention of computerprogramming languagesup to the mid-1980s, many of not most computer programmers created, edited and stored their programs line by line onpunched cards.

How does it work ?A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters.Users could create cards using a desk-sizedkeypunchwith a typewriter-like keyboard.A typing error generally necessitated re-punching an entire card.The editing of programs was facilitated by reorganizing the cards, and removing or replacing the lines that had changed; programs were backed up by duplicating the deck, or writing it to magnetic tape.

Speakers & headphones

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Uses: Headphones are a pair of smallloudspeakersthat are designed to be held in place close to ears.They are also known as ear speakers, ear phones, cans and ear buds

Head phones

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1910 Nathaniel Baldwin began manufacturing the first modern headphones1937 The DT-48s from Beyer dynamic became the first dynamic headphones to hit the market

Revloution of headphones

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1949 With design in mind, AKG produced their first pair of headphones, the K120s. If they were reproduced today, they would sell like hotcakes at Urban Outfitters1958 John C. Koss changed the headphone game. In 1958, Koss created the first stereo headphones (Koss SP-3) and launched an all out assault on awaiting ear canals.

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1959 At a show in Tokyo, Stax debuted the worlds first ever electrostatic pair of headphones

1979- the most important event in the history of headphones PORTABLE headphones. first Walkman were Sonys MDL-3L2

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1980 Both the earbud and the in-ear headphone made their way onto the scene in the 80s even though they wouldnt reach their peak in popularity until one Steven Paul Jobs changed the music game years later1997 neckband headphones were introduced

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2001 The iPod changed up the whole music universe. It became common to see people with a white cord running from their pocket to their ears multiple times a day.2012 Headphones have become as much about style as they are sound quality. This may never have been more relevant than when Lil Wayne wore these $1 million dollar pair of Beats.

Speakers Speakers are popularoutput devicesused with computer systems. They receive audioinput from the computer'ssound cardand produce audiooutputin the form of sound waves. Most computer speakers are active speakers, meaning they have an internal amplifier which allows you to increase the volume, or amplitude, of the sound. Speakers usually come in pairs, which allows them to produce stereo sound from two separate audio channels.

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Components: In a component system, each speaker has its own driver, so there are multiple drivers dedicated to their own range of frequencies.Full range: Full range speakers are more common, as they are used in many factory audio systems. This makes them more widely available and more affordable than component systems.Types of speakers

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