INPUT-OUTPUT DISPLAY DEVICES

Presented By: Presented To:

Ankita Sharma Ms. Prabha Sharma

Aman

Anil Kumar

Amita

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Project is a golden opportunity for learning and self development. I consider myself very lucky and honored to be part of this project.My grateful thanks to Prof. Prabha Sharma, who in spite of being extraordinary busy with her duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on correct path. I do not know where would I have been without her. She was always so involved in the entire process, shared her knowledge, and encouraged me to think.Last but not the least there was so many who shared valuable information that helped in the successful completion of this project.

INPUT DEVICES

INTRODUCTION

An input device is a piece of hardware by which a user enters information into computer system.

Example: mouse, trackball, joystick, voice systems, touch screens,etc.

A major goal in designing graphics packages is

device-independence – enhances portability of the application

KEY

BO

AR

D

An alphanumeric keyboard is used primarily as a device for entering text strings.

The keyboard is an efficient device for inputting such nongraphic data as picture labels associated with graphics display.

Cursor control keys and function keys are common features on general purpose keyboards.

These days, keyboard has a good ergonomic design ; it has a detachable palm rest,slope adjustments,split keys for natural hand .

Two types ,which are the fix-split key board and the adjustable split keyboard.The adjustable split keyboard consist of several pieces  which angles can be change according to the user's preference. 

ERGONOMIC DESIGN KEYBOARDS

Fix split keyboardAdjustable split keyboard

MOUSE

A mouse is a small hand-held BOX used to position the screen

cursor.

Wheels or Rollers(now-a-days Laser lights) on the bottom are used to record the position of the screen.

Generally there are two or three buttons, used for operations like recording of the cursor positions or invoking of a function.

In order to increase the number of INPUT parameters, additional devices can be included.

The Z-MOUSE is an example of this.

TYPES

Wireless Mouse Z-Mouse

Z- MOUSE

KEY FEATURES: Has three buttons, a thumbwheel on the side, a trackball on the top and a standard mouse ball underneath With Z mouse, we can pick up an

object,rotate it, and move it in any direction etc.

Allow 3D viewing. Applications include virtual reality,CAD, and

animation.

TRACKBALL & SPACEBALL

Trackball Spaceball

TRACKBALL

It is a 2D positioning device.

It consists a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect the rotation of ball about TWO axis.

User rolls the ball to move the cursor.

They are often mounted on devices such as keyboards, Z-mouse etc.

SPACEBALL

It provides SIX degrees of freedom.

It is a fix device.

Movement detection is done using strain gauges.

Cursor can move in any direction.

It is more efficient then trackball.

APPLICATIONS Used in CAD workstations

In animation

Sometimes on special Workstations such as the radar consoles in air-traffic control room

In Gaming consoles

People with a mobility impairment use trackballs as an assistive technology input device

JOY

STIC

K

KEY FEATURES:

Consists of a stick pivoted on a base.

Used to steer the screen cursor.

It also has one or two PUSH buttons as input switches to perform certain actions.

Most joystick are 2D, but 3D do exist.

Distance moved from the CENTER position corresponds to the screen cursor movement in that direction.

APPLICATIONS

In Gaming consoles In 3D animation Used to drive machines like cranes, mining

trucks, hydraulics etc. Used as assistive technology pointing device

such as in Electronic wheelchairs

DA

TA

GLO

VE

KEY FEATURES:

Used to grasp a “virtual” object.

Uses sensors to detect the Hand and finger motion.

Electromagnetic coupling between signals provides information about the position and orientation of the hand.

APPLICATIONS

In 3D animation movies

Visual effects

Gestures can be categorized into useful information,such as to recognize Sign Language or other symbolic functions

3D Virtual environment Games

DIG

ITIZ

ER

KEY FEATURES:

Common device for drawing, painting,or interactively selecting coordinate positions on an object

Typically, it is used to scan an Object and to input discrete coordinate positions

ONE TYPE of Digitizer is the Graphics Tablet

 It converts graphics and pictorial data into binary inputs. A graphic tablet as digitizer is used for doing fine works of drawing and images manipulation applications.

APPLICATIONS

Used in generating Computer generated graphic images

Used in creating characters for Animation In Technical drawings and CAD Used for Handwriting recognition

IMA

GE

SC

AN

NER

S

KEY FEATURES:

In computing, a  scanner  is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting,

or an object, and converts it to a digital image.

When the scanning is performed, the gradation

of gray scale or colors are recorded and stored in an array.

Once scanned, any kind of transformations can

be applied to the object image.

LIG

HT

PEN

KEY FEATURES:

A  light pen  is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor.

Allows the users to point to displayed objects and to draw objects on screen.

The position points are highly accurate and sensitive.

It generates electrical pulse which records the position of the electron beam.

DISADVANTAGES

When pointed on the screen, part of the image becomes DARK by hand and the pen.

As they cannot detect black areas, special implementation are needed.

Sometimes give false readings due to the background lighting in a room.

BA

RC

OD

E

REA

DER

KEY FEATURES

Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in form of light and dark lines).

Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a hand-held scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.

Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it into an alphanumeric value, which is then fed to the computer to which bar code reader is connected.

OP

TIC

AL

MA

RK

R

EA

DER

(OM

R)

KEY FEATURES

OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil.

It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked.

It is specially used for checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.

VO

ICE

SY

STEM

KEY FEATURES

The Voice system input can be used to initiate graphics operations to enter data.

Microphone is such designed to minimize input of other background sounds.

Words as spoken by the operator is stored so as to analyze and recognize the speech pattern.

OUTPUT DISPLAY DEVICES

INTRODUCTION

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as acomputer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

A display device is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. Information shown on a display device is called soft copy because the information exists electronically and is displayed for a temporary period of time. Display devices include CRT monitors, LCD monitors and displays, gas plasma monitors, and televisions.

MO

NIT

OR

KEY FEATURES

Monitor commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels, that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of the pixels.

There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors:

Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Flat-Panel Display

TYPES

CRT MONITOR FLAT PANEL MONITOR

CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITOR

In the CRT, display is made up of small picture elements called pixels for short. The smaller the pixels, the better the image clarity or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form whole character, such as the letter 'e' in the word help.

A finite number of characters can be displayed on a screen at once. The screen can be divided into a series of character boxes - fixed location on the screen where a standard character can be placed.

There are some disadvantages of CRT: -Large in Size -High power consumption

FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY MONITOR

The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power requirement compared to the CRT.

You can hang them on walls or wear them on your wrists.

Current uses for flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop computer, graphics display.

The flat-panel display are divided into two categories:

Emissive Displays - The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into light. Example are plasma panel and LED (Light-Emitting Diodes).

Non-Emissive Displays - The Non-emissive displays use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. Example is LCD (Liquid-Crystal Device)

PR

INTER

S

INTRODUCTION

Printer is the most important output device, which is used to print information on paper.

There are two types of printers:-Impact Printers-Non-Impact Printers The printers that print the characters by

striking against the ribbon and onto the paper, are called impact printers.Example : Dot-Matrix printer

The printers that print the characters without striking against the ribbon and onto the paper are called Non-impact Printers.Example: Laser printer,Inkjet printer

DOT - MATRIX PRINTER(IMPACT)

KEY FEATURES

Character Printers are printers, which print one character at a time.

In the market, one of the most popular printer is Dot Matrix Printer because of their ease of printing features and economical price.

Each character printed is in form of pattern of Dot's and head consists of a Matrix of Pins of size(5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which comes out to form a character that is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer.

Advantages1. Inexpensive2. Widely Used3. Other language characters can be printed

Disadvantages1. Slow Speed2. Poor Quality

LASER PRINTER(NON-IMPACT)

KEY FEATURES

These are non-impact page printers. They use laser lights to produce the dots needed to form the characters to be printed on a page.

Advantages1. Very high speed.2. Very high quality output.3. Gives good graphics quality.4. Supports many fonts and different character sizes. Disadvantage1. Expensive.2. Cannot be used to produce multiple copies of a document in a single printing.

INKJET PRINTER(NON-IMPACT)

KEY FEATURES

Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a relatively new technology.

They print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper.

Inkjet printers produce high quality output with presentable features.

They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have many styles of printing modes available.

Colour printing is also possible. Some models of Inkjet printers can produce multiple copies of printing also.

Advantages1. High quality printing2. More reliable

Disadvantages1. Expensive as cost per page is high2. Slow as compared to laser printer

PLO

TTER

S

KEY FEATURES

A device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer.

Vector graphics printing device Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines

using a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines,

whereas printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots.

Multicolor plotters use different-colored pens to draw different colors.

In general, plotters are considerably more expensive than printers. They are used in engineering applications where precision is mandatory.

TYPES OF PLOTTERS

Drum plotter draws on paper wrapped around a drum which turns to produce one direction of the plot, while the pens move to provide the other direction

A flatbed plotter draws on paper placed on a flat surface

An Electrostatic plotter draws on negatively charged paper with positively charged toner.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Computer Graphics Book by Donald Hearn ,M. Pauline Baker (Pearson Edu. Publisher).

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/

Applications-Input & Output Devices by Richa Sharma.

Computer Graphics Book by Amarendra N. Sinha

(TMH)