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This presentation was given by Dirk Van Damme, Head of CERI, at the opening session of the CERI Conference on Innovation, Governance and Reform in Education on 3 November 2014. It looks at the challenges for educational policy and reform, the role of innovation in education, the governance of education systems, as well as the important themes of trust, leadership, accountability, professionalism, and knowledge.
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INNOVATION, GOVERNANCE AND
REFORM IN EDUCATION HOW CERI RESEARCH CAN
INFORM THE DEBATE
Dirk Van Damme, Head of CERI
• Setting the scene: the big picture• The drama: the challenges for educational
policy and reform• The plot: innovation in education• The meta-plot: governance of education
systems• The stage: four themes and an overarching
one
Outline
SETTING THE SCENE
• Ever increasing educational attainment
Setting the scene – the big picture
More people have benefited from education than even before
• Ever increasing educational attainment • Growing impact of education on various social and
economic outcomes
Setting the scene – the big picture
An individual with a higher level of education is more likely to believe they have a say in government
• Ever increasing educational attainment • Growing impact of education on various social and
economic outcomes• But challenges remain and magnify
– The equity and social mobility challenge
Setting the scene – the big picture
The participation of students in HE from low-educated families is less than half of their share in the population
• Ever increasing educational attainment • Growing impact of education on various social and
economic outcomes• But challenges remain and magnify
– The equity and social mobility challenge– The quality challenge
Setting the scene – the big picture
• Ever increasing educational attainment • Growing impact of education on various social and
economic outcomes• But challenges remain and magnify
– The equity and social mobility challenge– The quality challenge– The efficiency challenge
Setting the scene – the big picture
In most countries the per student expenditure has continued to increase
• Ever increasing educational attainment • Growing impact of education on various social and
economic outcomes• But challenges remain and magnify
– The equity and social mobility challenge– The quality challenge– The efficiency challenge
• Result is a widening gap between opportunities and expectations on one hand and challenges on other
Setting the scene – the big picture
THE DRAMA
• Challenges for education policy makers increase– Supporting the expansion of the system– Ensuring quality– Securing equitable access and opportunities– Meeting ever growing expectations
• But in very difficult times– Deepening social problems– Doing more with less– Intensifying political and ideological differences
The challenges for educational policy and reform
THE PLOT
• Innovation can be part of the answer– Reaping the potential benefits of technology
Innovation in education
• Innovation can be part of the answer– Reaping the potential benefits of technology– Adapting teaching and learning to 21st century skills
demand
Innovation in education
40
45
50
55
60
65
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Routine manual
Nonroutine manual
Routine cognitive
Nonroutine analytic
Nonroutine interactive
Source: Levy and Murnane, 2005
Mea
n ta
sk in
put
as p
erce
ntile
s of
th
e 19
60 t
ask
dist
ribut
ion
Economy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (US)
• Innovation can be part of the answer– Reaping the potential benefits of technology– Adapting teaching and learning to 21st century skills
demand– Aligning pedagogy with recent research evidence on
learning
Innovation in education
• Innovation can be part of the answer– Reaping the potential benefits of technology– Adapting teaching and learning to 21st century skills
demand– Aligning pedagogy with recent research evidence on
learning• Dimensions of innovation
Innovation in education
• Widely shared perception of slowness of reform and ‘resistance to innovation’ among policy makers and external stakeholders
• Many examples of ill-conceived and badly implemented top-down innovation
• Yet, evidence from CERI’s Measuring Innovation points at many examples of meaningful change
But are education systems ready for innovation?
• Widely shared perception of slowness of reform and ‘resistance to innovation’ among policy makers and external stakeholders
• Many examples of ill-conceived and badly implemented top-down innovation
• Yet, evidence from CERI’s Measuring Innovation points at many examples of meaningful change
• And, evidence in CERI’s Innovative Learning Environments present a rich reservoir of innovative energy
But are education systems ready for innovation?
• = dynamic change that is intended to add value to the educational processes– To improve quality of processes and of learning
outcomes– To enhance equity and equality of learning outcomes
and learning opportunities– To improve efficiency, minimise costs and maximise
value for money– To better adapt the system to societal needs and
expectations
Innovation in education
Innovation Reform Change
Definition
Implementation of improved ideas, knowledge and
practices
Structured and conscious process of producing change
Transformation or alteration that may be an intended or
unintended phenomenon
Key characteristicsImplies novelty and
brings benefits
Produces change (though in some
cases only little or none)
Is historical, contextual and
processual
Types
Process, product, marketing and organisational
Also: incremental, radical and systemic
form
Radical, incremental or systemic
Differentiated by pace (continuous or episodic) and scope
(convergent or radical)
Innovation – reform – change
THE META-PLOT
• Misconceptions about innovation in education result from divergent views on the governance of education systems
• How to conceptualise and understand contemporary governance challenges in education?
• Complexity can provide part of the answer.
Governance of innovation
• Decentralisation, deregulation, school autonomy
Governing complexity
• Decentralisation, deregulation, school autonomy• Choice and competition• Multiplication of governance levels: multilevel
governance• Multiplication of actors and stakeholders: multi-
stakeholder governance• Professionalisation• Parents, civil society
Governing complexity
Restructuring governance
Source: Goldspink, 2007
THE STAGE
The stage: four themes and one overarching one
Knowled
ge
Knowledge
Know
ledg
e Knowledge
• Trust is essential in establishing the conditions for effective and sustainable innovative change– facilitating open communication, transparency,
cooperation, prevention of abuse of power– enabling actors and stakeholders to take risks,
facilitating interactions and co-operation, and reducing the need for control and monitoring
Trust
Interpersonal Trust
Social Capital
Stakeholders
Families
Community
Learners
EDUCATION
Trust
• What kind of accountability systems are conducive to innovation?
• Vertical accountability– Regulatory accountability– School performance accountability
• Horizontal accountability– Professional accountability– Multi-stakeholder accountability
Accountability
• Teachers as professionals of teaching and learning• Role of teachers as professionals radically changes
the governance of education systems• Participation in professional learning communities
becomes an important driver of innovation
Teacher professionalism
• Processes of innovation in education critically depend on leadership for change– Central level: setting the discourse– School level: enabling change– Pedagogical leadership
Leadership
• Education, as a knowledge system, requires effective knowledge flows to inform effective innovation– R&D and educational research– ‘Useful’ pedagogical knowledge– Professional knowledge– Tacit knowledge– Other knowledge systems
• Are knowledge systems in education sufficiently dynamic to support innovative change?
Knowledge
LET THE PLAY BEGIN!