Strengthening Rice Breeding Program in Mekong Region

Theerayut Toojinda Jonaliza Lanceras-Siangliw

GCP General Research Meeting Hyderabad, India Sept. 21-25, 2011

Rice Planting Area in Mekong Region

Rice Planting Area (million

ha) Thailand Myanmar Laos Cambodia

Irrigated 1.84 1.62 0.07 0.20

Rainfed Lowland

7.36 3.89 0.49 2.15

Rainfed Upland

0.01 1.46 0.10 0.05

Submergence prone

0.18 1.13 0.00 0.10

Total 9.20 8.10 0.66 2.50

Major Constraints in Rice Production in the Mekong Region

Submergence : In 2006 0.8 million ha were flooded (500 million $)

Brown plant hopper : In 2010, BPH caused the yield loss up to 1.1 million tons (350 million $)

Drought :In 2004, more than 1.2 million ha of the rice production areas were hit by drought causing the yield loss for 1.83 million ton (370 million $)

Blast : In 2007, blast disease infected rainfed lowland rice causing the yield loss 50-85 %.

Goals of Mekong Region in Rice Improvement

Improve grain eating and cooking quality

Stabilize yield of Mekong mega varieties by improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses

Strengthen human resource in the region by applying MAS biotechnology in rice breeding

Improve phenotyping facilities in rice breeding

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub

Genetic Information QTL/Gene Information

Blast

BLB

Bph

Submergence

Salinity

Drought

Rice Quality

Marker Technology

SSR

SNP

Microarray

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Genotyping Capacity

Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Phenotyping Capacity

Green house

Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS

Funding Agency: Rockefeller Foundation, BIOTEC, Kasetsart University

Duration: 2004 – 2006

Objectives:

Transfer DNA technology and genomic information from RGDU to breeding institutes in the region

Improvement of traditional cultivars by using MAS

Enhance research collaboration between/among institutes in countries in Mekong region

DAR – Manawthukha (HY) + aroma and intermediate AC - Sin Thwe Latt (HY) + salinity tolerance NAFRI – Thaddokham 1 (HY) + aroma and low GT CARDI – CAR3 (DT) + aroma and low GT THAILAND – IR57514 (DT, Sub) + aroma and low AC - RD6 (quality) + blast resistance - Chainat1 (HY) + bph resistance

Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS

First workshop – June 2004 Second workshop – January 2005 Third workshop – June 2005 Fourth workshop – January 2006

Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain

Quality Improvement”

Funding Agencies: Generation Challenge Program; BIOTEC

Duration: 2007 – 2009

Objectives:

Continuation of line conversion using MAS

Validation of introgression lines for target trait performance, yield and agronomic characters

Workshop on QTL and marker-assisted selection for plant breeding

Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”

First workshop – May 2007 Second workshop – November 2007 Third workshop – May 2008 Fourth workshop – April 2009

Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site

CARDI

June 19-20, 2007

DAR

August 20-21, 2007

NAFRI

July 3-4, 2007

Video of lab protocols for MAS

Aromatic CAR3 CAR3

Half kilo of aromatic CAR3 was distributed to 6 farmers for wet season 2011 farmers’ field trials.

Savannakhet Province Champasak Province

Aromatic Thadokkam1

12 ha. Aungzeya, Nay Pyi Taw

Pyiamana, Nay Pyi Taw

Latpadan

Kyaukse

Aromatic MNT

SalTol STL

SalTol STL Kyaukse

Aromatic MNT SalTol STL

Aromatic IR57514

Sagaing Mandalay Yangon Bago (East) Ayeyarwaddy Rakh ine AVG Range

1 Yn3018-183-1-3-2 4.01 5.23 3.88 4.05 2.90 4.76 4.14 2

2 Yn2684-2-5-1-2-1 4.31 5.48 3.43 3.60 2.81 4.03 3.94 5

3 Yn2744-49-383-2-3 4.19 5.05 4.12 3.21 3.45 3.75 3.96 4

4 Yn3248-MAS-BC4F2-1124.41 5.38 3.49 3.62 5.42 3.34 4.28 1

5 Manawthukha 4.51 4.52 4.26 4.05 4.81 2.38 4.09 3

Mean Yield 4.26 5.13 3.84 3.70 3.88 3.65 4.08

Sr. no. EntriesGrain yield (Ton/ha)

Yield performance on different locations

Maturity Days - 137

Plant Height (cm) - 103-117

Productive tillers - 9 - 11

Total grains / panicle - 90 - 117

Fill grain (%) - 88 – 95

1000 grain weight (gm) - 21.4

Yield (Bsk/ac) - 83 - 106

Group - (B)

Milling (%) - 54

Amylose content (%) - 25.8

Eating quality - good

Grain quality - Trans;

Distinct character - smell

Adapted locations -Both of Irrigated and Rainfed lowland

Yn 3248-BC4F2-112

Yield performance of On- Farm trials(2010 WS)

No Entry Name

Yield (tha-1) Mean (tha-1)

Mandalay Ayeyar

waddy

Taninthari

1 Yn 3220MAS 108-2-3-1 2.5 3.9 2.8 3.1

2 Yn 3220MAS 77-2-9-2 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.5

3 Yn 3220MAS 62-2-4 1.7 3.9 2.6 2.7

4 Yn 3220MAS 76-4-1 3.5 4.5 2.5 3.5

5 Sin Thwe Latt 2.6 3.8 2.9 3.1

Mean 2.6 4.0 2.9

Maturity Days - 150

Plant Height (cm) - 93.8

Productive tillers - 5 - 7

Total grains / panicle - 126

Fill grain (%) - 74

1000 grain weight (gm) - 32

Yield (tha-1) - 4.0 -4.5

Varietal Group - Emata

Milling (%) - 51.3

Amylose content (%) - 20.7

Eating quality - good

Grain quality - Translucence, wb

Distinct character - tolerance to EC 6 dS/m

Adapted locations -Costal and Inland salinity areas

Yn 3220-MAS-76-4-1

Ms. Myint Yi (DAR)

Mr. Then Rathmuny (CARDI)

Phase IIIa: Strengthening Human Resource in Mekong Region: Community of Practice for Rice

Breeding with Emphasis on MAS Funding Agency: BIOTEC, Kasetsart University,

Rajamongkol University of Technology Lanna, Ubon Ratchatani University

Duration: 2009 – 2013

Objectives:

Develop human resource by providing scholarship to staffs of DAR, NAFRI, CARDI and UBU by improving popular rice variety using MAS

Rice Breeding Program of NAFRI (Laos) and CARDI (Cambodia)

Season

2010 WS

2011 WS

2012 DS

x

MAS

Aromatic TDK1 with

Sub

IR85264-34-141 (Sub, Xa21, BL)

X

Aromatic TDK1

X 10 F1

1500 F2

F3 Plant type selection Screening for blast and submergence

tolerance

Aromatic TDK1

TDK1 (Sub) X 2010 DS

Season

2010 WS

2011 DS

2011 WS

x

Aromatic CAR3

IR64 (Sub) X

Aromatic CAR3

X 10 F1

BC1F1

Screen Sub

BC1F2 X

BC2F2

Screen Sub and Bph

x F1

F2

Select plant type

2012 DS BPH

donor X

x

F3

2012 WS

2013 DS

Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar

Season

2009 WS

2010DS

2010 WS

2011DS

2011WS

2012DS

x

x

MAS

Aromatic MNT (BC4F4-75)

RGD07097-1-8M-9KPS (xa5, Xa21, xa33)

X

Aromatic MNT

X 5 F1

92 BC1F1

Aromatic MNT

X 5 selected BC1F1

311 BC2F1 MAS

Aromatic MNT

X 7 selected BC2F1

171 BC3F1 MAS

1000 BC3F2 Plant type selection

and MAS

BC3F3 Screening for BB with

Thai and Myanmar isolates

Season

2012 WS

2012 DS

2010 WS

2011 DS

2011 WS

2012 DS

x

x

MAS

SalTol STL IR57514 (Sub, Xa21)

X

SalTol STL X 11 F1

298 BC1F1

SalTol STL X 6 selected BC1F1

BC2F1 MAS

SalTol STL X selected BC2F1

BC3F1 MAS

BC3

F2

Plant type selection and MAS

BC3F3 Screening for salinity and submergence tolerance

2013 WS

2013 DS

Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar Season

2009 WS

2010DS

2010 WS

2011DS

2011WS

2012DS

MAS

Paw San Mhwe (Aromatic)

IR 57514-333, -309 (Sub, aroma, Xa21)

X

PSM X 38 F1

279 BC1F1

PSM X 15 selected BC1F1

BC2F1 MAS

BC2F2

BC2F3 Screening and seed increase

BC2F4 Observation

Yield trial

x

MAS and plant type selection

x

x

2012WS

Rice Breeding Program of Thailand

KD571-77 x IR57514

F1 x IR57514

BC1F1 x IR57514

BC2F1

BC3F1

MAS

BC3F1

UBN

MAS

BC3F2

BC3F3

Field Testing of BC3F4 in RGDU

MAS Nov. 2007

May. 2008

Oct. 2008-

2009

May. 2007

MAS

MAS

Submergence screening

Grain quality test

RF, BIOTEC, KU 2004-2006

GCP, BIOTEC 2007-2009

Multi-location trials and

farmers’ participation in

selection

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL, KU, UBU, RGDU

2009-2013

BC3F4-aromatic IR57514 x RD6

Glutinous Aromatic IR57514

BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL, KU, UBU, RGDU

2009-2013

Phase IIIb: The Community of Practice “Strengthening Rice Breeding Program using Genotyping Building Strategy and

Improving Phenotyping Capacity for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Mekong Region”

Funding Agency: GCP, BIOTEC

Duration: 2009 – 2012

Objectives: Build phenotyping facilities for abiotic and biotic traits

in DAR, NAFRI and CARDI

Validate and standardize phenotyping protocol that fits the condition in each country

Conduct phenotyping workshop

Asses trait performance through field trials under research farm and farmer’s field conditions

Facilities for Trait Phenotyping

Greenhouse for BB screening and submergence ponds in DAR

Submergence ponds and BPH facilities in CARDI

Submergence ponds and greenhouse for blast screening in NAFRI

Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site

Video of phenotyping protocols

1. Experimental designs and analysis 2. Screening techniques

Acknowledgement

U Khin Soe Tin Tin Myint Khin Myo Win

Thida Kyaw Swar Oo

Bounthoung Bouahom Phoumi Ithapanya

Kongpanh Kanyavong Phetmanyseng Xangsayasane

Phatsalakhone Manivong

Ouk Makara Sakhan Sophany

Ouk Sothea