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Great Minds

Paras Prateek Bhatnagar

Paramjeet Singh Jamwal

Rajeev KumarVipul Batra

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Contents

Introduction

Examples :

William Henry Gates

Swami Vivekananda

Shiv Khera

Albert Einstein

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Introduction “Winners don’t do different things, they do things differently”

Who is not familiar with ever-inspiring and motivating quote? Great Lives are those whose work becomes an inspiration for others, those who motivate others to do a job, and those who live for others. Anybody can be great, it doesn’t matter what he has in his life, but who he has in his life. Greatness is not a God gift but a gift that a person achieves on his own.

“Failures are the stepping stones to success”

Great people are those who are motivated by the statement. They are not great because they won but because they didn’t fail. If they might have just stopped after not succeeding, could they been have been remembered today? Practice makes a man perfect. They revised their mistakes and tried again and again until they could succeed.

The notable example of success can be thought of the one of the greatest scientist till today - Albert Einstein, who from a clerk became the greatest scientist ever. Some more notable examples are the business tycoon - Bill Gates, one of the most famous president of US - Abraham Lincoln and one of the greatest reformer of our country - Shiv Kheda .

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William Henry Gates – Early Life

Born on Oct. 28, 1955, Gates grew up in Seattle .His father, William H. Gates II, was a Seattle attorney. His late mother, Mary Gates, was a school teacher.

Early on in life, it was apparent that Bill Gates inherited the ambition, intelligence, and competitive spirit that helped him to rise to the top in his chosen professions

His parents recognized his intelligence and decided to enroll him in Lakeside, a private school known for its intense academic environment . It was at Lakeside that Gates began his career in personal computer software, programming computers at age 13.

In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer , who is now Microsoft’s president .

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William Henry Gates – Birth Of Microsoft

In December of 1974, Allen was on his way to visit Gates when along the way he stopped to browse the current magazines. On the cover of Popular Electronics he saw a picture of the Altair 8080. He bought the issue and rushed over to Gate's room. The two knew that the home computer market was about to explode and that someone would need to make software for the new machines.

Within a few days, Gates had called MITS , the makers of the Altair. He told the company that he and Allen had developed a BASIC that could be used on the Altair . This was a lie. They had not even written a line of code.

The MITS Company was very interested in seeing their BASIC. So, Gates and Allen began working on the BASIC they had promised. Eight weeks later, the two felt their program was ready. Allen was to fly to MITS and show off their creation.

The day after Allen arrived at MITS, it was time to test their BASIC. The program worked perfectly the first time . MITS arranged a deal with Gates and Allen to buy the rights to their BASIC. Within a year, Gates had dropped out of Harvard and Microsoft was formed.

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William Henry Gates – Achievements

In addition to his passion for computers, Gates is interested in biotechnology. He sits on the board of the ICOS Corporation

In 1999, Gates wrote Business @ the Speed of Thought, a book that shows how computer technology can solve business problems in fundamentally new ways. The book has received wide critical acclaim, and was listed on the best-seller lists of the New York Times

In addition to his love of computers and software, Gates founded Corbis, which is developing one of the world's largest resources of visual information

Under Gates' leadership, Microsoft's mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology, and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. The company is committed to a long-term view, reflected in its investment of approximately $7.1 billion on research and development in the 2007 financial year.

Bill Gates set before us an example , to reach heights , those heights which

most of us believe are impossible to attain ….

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Swami Vivekananda – Early Life

Swami Vivekananda was born in Calcutta on January 12, 1863 on the holy day of makara sankranti. His father was viswanath datta, a prominent lawyer of Calcutta, and his mother was bhubneshwari devi, a very cultured woman of aristocratic upbringing. The dattas named the child narendernath.

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Swami Vivekananda – With Shri Ramakrishna

At the threshold of youth Narendra had to pass through a period of spiritual crisis when he was assailed by doubts about the existence of God.  It was at that time he first heard about Sri Ramakrishna from one of his English professors at college. 

One day in November 1881, Narendra went to meet Sri Ramakrishna who was staying at the Kali Temple in Dakshineshwar.  He straightaway asked the Master a question which he had put to several others but had received no satisfactory answer: “Sir, have you seen God?”  Without a moment’s hesitation, Sri Ramakrishna replied with a smile that not only had he seen God , but he could show God to Naren also .

Thus in the simple rustic temple – priest did the college – educated rationalist find his sage and savoir . Apart from removing doubts from the mind of Narendra, Sri Ramakrishna won him over through his pure, unselfish love.  Thus began a guru-disciple relationship which is quite unique in the history of spiritual masters. 

Narendra now became a frequent visitor to Dakshineshwar and, under the guidance of the Master, made rapid strides on the spiritual path.  At Dakshineshwar, Narendra also met several young men who were devoted to Sri Ramakrishna, and they all became close friends.

   

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Swami Vivekananda – Decision to attend the

Parliament of Religions It was when these ideas

were taking shape in his mind in the course of his wanderings that Swami Vivekananda heard about the World’s Parliament of Religions to be held in Chicago in 1893.  His friends and admirers in India wanted him to attend the Parliament.  He too felt that the Parliament would provide the right forum to present his Master’s message to the world, and so he decided to go to America. Another reason which prompted Swamiji to go to America was to seek financial help for his project of uplifting the masses.

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Swami Vivekananda – Achievements

Played a major role in spiritual enlightment of Indian masses; Spread Vedanta philosophy in the West; established Ramakrishna Mission for the service of the poor .

Swami Vivekananda was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of Vedanta philosophy . He was the chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa and was the founder of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Swami Vivekananda was a living embodiment of sacrifice and dedicated his life to the country and yearned for the progress of the poor , the helpless and downtrodden . He showed a beacon of light , to a nation that had lost faith its ability under British rule and inspired self confidence among Indians that they are second to none . His ringing words and masterful oratory galvanized the slumbering nation .

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Shiv Khera – Early Life Shiv Khera is an educator, business consultant, and a renowned

and sought-after speaker. He endeavors to encourage and inform people, helping them realize their true potential and has taken his dynamic message around the world.

EARLY LIFE

Shiv Khera comes from a family of businessmen that used to own coal mines in Dhanbad in Jharkhand. But due to the nationalization of coal mines, his grand father lost the business and Shiv left India to start life over. He landed in the USA and did various things from washing cars to selling life insurance. His struggling life took a winning direction when he attended a lecture by Norman Vincent Peale. The motivational teachings of Norman Vincent changed his life forever and he moved forward on his success path.

With 25 years of extensive research and understanding to his credit Shiv has helped people on the path of personal growth and achievement. Over 20,000 people have attended and benefited by his three-day dynamic workshops internationally and around one million people have heard him as a Keynote Speaker.

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Shiv Khera – Great Works Shiv Khera instituted Qualified Learning Systems, an initiative to

incorporate his years of experience as a motivator and to develop a core program known as the Blueprint for Success (BPS). This program motivates people to identify their true potential and achieve success both in their personal and professional spheres of life. He has developed several such programs that cater to different levels of professional hierarchy. His programs, besides India, are quite popular in Singapore and the USA.

He has authored several bestsellers that have an enthusiastic reader base not only in the country but worldwide. His international best seller, “You Can Win”, was his first book, which came out in 1998 and sold over a million copies worldwide in 8 languages. His second book “Living with Honor” hit the stands in August 2003, which again pleased million book lovers across the world. Then within a period of six months in February 2004, his third book “Freedom Is Not Free” was on the stands. Though this book plunged into the controversy of plagiarism, it too turned into a best seller.

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Shiv Khera – Achievements

His brilliance soon began to be acknowledged worldwide. He has been recognized as a “Louis Marchesi Fellow” by the Round Table Foundation, an honor he shares with famous humanitarians like Mother Teresa. Lions Club International has honored him with a "Lifetime Achievement Award" for the cause of ‘Humanitarian Service to the Society’. He is also a recipient of the Rotary Club’s "Centennial Vocational Award for Excellence."

Shiv Khera always strived to help India and its people as well. Inspired by his attachment to social causes, he fought parliamentary elections not make it to the parliament. Then, he founded a trust called “Country First Foundation” in order to serve his country. The vision of this trust is “Respect and Dignity for every Indian" and the mission is “to ensure freedom through education and justice”.

Shiv Khera is trying to establish the pride of our country in international forums. His objective is to boost the morale of the common Indian and to eradicate social injustice through education. Every true Indian should come forward to join his Country First Movement and contribute to the nation’s development.

“ Something one finds difficult , Doesn’t mean one shouldn’t try ,

It means , one should try harder . ”

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Albert EinsteinBorn march 14,1879 ulm,germany Died April 18, 1955 (aged 76) Princeton, New Jersey, USA Residence Germany, Italy, Switzerland, USA Citizenship Swiss (1901–55)American (1940–55 ) Ethnicity Ashkenazi Jewish Fields Physicist

Institutions Swiss Patent Office (Berne) University of Zurich Charles University, Prague Prussian Academy of Sciences University of Leaden University of Zurich

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Known for General relativity Special relativity Brownian motion Photoelectric effect Mass-energy equivalence Einstein field equations Unified Field Theory Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) Copley Medal (1925) Max Planck Medal (1929)

Contents

1 Youth and schooling2 Patent office 3 Marriage and family life 4 Light and general relativity 5 Nobel Prize h and schooling

6 Religious views 7 Zionism 8 Atomic bomb 9 Death 10 Honors

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Albert Einstein was born into a Jewish family in Elm, Württemberg, Germany on March 14, 1879. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein (née Koch). In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where his father and his uncle founded a company, Elektrotechnische Fabric J. Einstein & Cie, that manufactured electrical equipment.

The Einstein's were not observant of Jewish religious practices, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school. Although Einstein had early speech difficulties, he was a top student in elementary school.[5][6]

Albert Einstein in 1893 (age 14), taken before the family moved to ItalyWhen Einstein was five, his father showed him a pocket compass. Einstein realized that something in empty space was moving the needle and later stated that this experience made "a deep and lasting impression".[7] At his mother's insistence, he took violin lessons starting at age six, and although he disliked them and eventually quit, he later took great pleasure in Mozart's violin sonatas. As he grew, Einstein built models and mechanical devices for fun, and began to show a talent for mathematics.

In his early teens, Einstein attended the progressive Luitpold Gymnasium. His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with authorities and resented the school regimen. He later wrote that the spirit of learning and creative thought were lost in strict rote learning.

Youth and schooling

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The 'Einsteinhaus' in Berne where Einstein lived with Mileva on the first floor during his Annus Mirabilis

Following graduation, Einstein could not find a teaching post. After almost two years of searching, a former classmate's father helped him get a job in Berne, at the Federal Office for Intellectual

Property,[15] the patent office, as an assistant examiner. His responsibility was evaluating patent applications for electromagnetic devices. In 1903, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office was

made permanent, although he was passed over for promotion until he "fully mastered machine technology".[16]

With friends he met in Bern, Einstein formed a weekly discussion club on science and philosophy, jokingly named "The Olympia Academy". Their readings included Poincaré, Mach, and Hume, who

influenced Einstein's scientific and philosophical outlook.[17]

During this period Einstein had almost no personal contact with the physics community.[18] Much of his work at the patent office related to questions about transmission of electric signals and

electrical-mechanical synchronization of time: two technical problems that show up conspicuously in the thought experiments that eventually led Einstein to his radical conclusions about the nature of

light and the fundamental connection between space and time.[16][17]

Patent Office

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Einstein and Mileva Marić had a daughter, Lieserl Einstein, born in early 1902.[19] Her fate is unknown.

Einstein married Mileva on January 6, 1903, although Einstein's mother had objected to the match because she had a prejudice against Serbs and thought Marić "too old" and "physically defective."[20] [21] Their relationship was for a time a personal and intellectual partnership. In a letter to her, Einstein called Marić "a creature who is my equal and who is as strong and independent as I am."[22] There has been debate about whether Marić influenced Einstein's work; however, most historians do not think she made major contributions.[23][24][25] On May 14, 1904, Albert and Mileva's first son, Hans Albert Einstein, was born in Berne, Switzerland. Their second son, Eduard, was born in Munich on July 28, 1910.

Einstein and Marić divorced on February 14, 1919, having lived apart for five years. On June 2 of that year, Einstein married Elsa Löwenthal, who had nursed him through an illness. Elsa was Albert's first cousin maternally and his second cousin paternally. Together the Einsteins raised Margot and Ilse, Elsa's daughters from her first marriage.[26] Their union produced no children.

Marriage and family life

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Light and general relativityOne of the 1919 eclipse photographs taken during Arthur Stanley

Eddington's expedition, which confirmed Einstein's predictions of the gravitational bending of light. In 1906, the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class, but he had not given up on academia. In 1908, he became a privatdozent at the University of Bern.[29] In 1910, he wrote a paper on critical opalescence that described the cumulative effect of light scattered by individual molecules in the atmosphere, i.e. why the sky is blue.[30]

During 1909, Einstein published "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" ("The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation"), on the quantization of light. In this and in an earlier 1909 paper, Einstein showed that Max Planck's energy quanta must have well-defined momenta and act in some respects as independent, point-like particles. This paper introduced the photon concept (although the term itself was introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1926) and inspired the notion of wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics.

In 1911, Einstein became an associate professor at the University of Zurich. However, shortly afterward, he accepted a full professorship at the Charles University of Prague. While in Prague, Einstein published a paper about the effects of gravity on light, specifically the gravitational redshift and the gravitational deflection of light. The paper appealed to astronomers to find ways of detecting the deflection during a solar eclipse.[31] German astronomer Erwin Finlay-Freundlich publicized Einstein's challenge to scientists around the world.[32]

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Nobel Prize

Einstein, 1921. Age 42. In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect: "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light", which was well supported by the experimental evidence by that time. The presentation speech began by mentioning "his theory of relativity [which had] been the subject of lively debate in philosophical circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time." (Einstein 1923) As stipulated in their 1919 divorce settlement, Einstein gave the Nobel prize money to his first wife, Mileva Marić.

Einstein traveled to New York City in the United States for the first time on April 2, 1921. When asked where he got his scientific ideas, Einstein explained that he believed scientific work best proceeds from an examination of physical reality and a search for underlying axioms, with consistent explanations that apply in all instances and avoid contradicting each other. He also recommended theories with visualizable results (Einstein 1954).[43]

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Politics

Einstein and Indian poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore during their widely publicized July 14, 1930 conversation starts politically projetswith increasing public demands his involvement in political, humanitarian, and academic projects in various countries, and his new acquaintances with scholars and political figures from around the world, Einstein was less able to achieve the productive isolation that he needed in order to work.[59] Due to his fame and genius, Einstein found himself called on to give conclusive judgments on matters that had nothing to do with theoretical physics or mathematics. He was not timid, and he was aware of the world around him, with no illusion that ignoring politics would make world events fade away. His very visible position allowed him to speak and write frankly, even provocatively, at a time when many people of conscience could only flee to the underground or keep doubts about developments within their own movements to themselves for fear of internecine fighting. Einstein flouted the ascendant Nazi movement, tried to be a voice of moderation in the tumultuous formation of the State of Israel and braved anti-communist politics and resistance to the civil rights movement in the United States. He participated in the 1927 congress of the League against Imperialism in Brussels.[60]

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Zionism

Einstein was a cultural Zionist. In 1931, The Macmillan Company published About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein.[61] Querido, an Amsterdam publishing house, collected eleven of Einstein's essays into a 1933 book entitled Mein Weltbild, translated to English as The World as I See It; Einstein's foreword dedicates the collection "to the Jews of Germany".[62] In the face of Germany's rising militarism, Einstein wrote and spoke for peace.[63][64]

Albert Einstein, seen here with his wife Elsa Einstein and Zionist leaders, including future President of Israel Chaim Weizmann, his wife Dr. Vera Weizmann, Menahem Ussishkin, and Ben-Zion Mossinson on arrival in New York City in 1921.Despite his years of Zionist efforts, Einstein publicly stated reservations about the proposal to partition the British-supervised British Mandate of Palestine into independent Arab and Jewish countries. In a 1938 speech, "Our Debt to Zionism", he said: "I am afraid of the inner damage Judaism will sustain—especially from the development of a narrow nationalism within our own ranks, against which we have already had to fight strongly, even without a Jewish state. ... If external necessity should after all compel us to assume this burden [of a state], let us bear it with tact and patience."[65]

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Atomic bomb

Concerned scientists, many of them refugees from European anti-Semitism in the U.S., recognized the danger of German scientists developing an atomic bomb based on the newly-discovered phenomena of nuclear fission. In 1939, the Hungarian émigré Leó Szilárd, having failed to arouse U.S. government interest on his own, convinced Einstein to sign a letter to U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt urging U.S. development of such a weapon. In August 1939, Roosevelt received the Einstein-Szilárd letter and authorized secret research into the harnessing of nuclear fission for military purposes.[74]

By 1942 this effort had become the Manhattan Project, the largest secret scientific endeavor undertaken up to that time. By late 1945, the U.S. had developed operational nuclear weapons, and used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Einstein himself did not play a role in the development of the atomic bomb other than signing the letter. He did help the United States Navy with some unrelated theoretical questions it was working on during the war.[75]

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Death

On April 17, 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aortic aneurysm.[87] He took a draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it.[88] He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered.[89][90]

Before the cremation, Princeton Hospital pathologist Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Einstein's brain for preservation, in hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.[91]

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Honourlbert Einstein Memorial located on the public grounds of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics named 2005 the "World Year of Physics" in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Annus Mirabilis Papers.[99] The Albert Einstein Memorial by Robert Berks A unit used in photochemistry, the einstein The chemical element 99, einsteinium The asteroid 2001 Einstein The Albert Einstein Award The Albert Einstein Peace Prize In 1990, his name was added to the Walhalla temple.[100]

Albert Einstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, and plays. Einstein is a favorite model for depictions of mad scientists and absent-minded professors; his expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated. Time magazine's Frederic Golden wrote that Einstein was "a cartoonist's dream come true."[102]