ASeminar

On Google Self Driving Car

Guided By: Presenting By:

Prof. Dr. Ranjan Kumar Dash K Sunil KumarHead Of The Department Regd. No: 1405106009Dept. Of CSA, 1st Year, 2nd SemesterCET, Bhubaneswar Dept. Of CSA,

CET, Bhubaneswar.

GOOGLE SELF-DRIVING CAR

CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION

•TECHNOLOGY

• WHAT IS IT?

• HOW DOES IT WORK?

• EQUIPMENT USED

• HOW SAFE IT IS?

• ADVANTAGES

• LIMITATIONS

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION• The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google

that involves developing technology for autonomous cars, mainly electric cars.

• The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur.

• The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street view.

TECHNOLOGY• Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment

including a $70,000 LIDAR system. The range finder mounted on the top is a Velodyne 64-beam laser.

• This laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D map of its environment. The car then takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.

• As of June 2014, the system works with a very high definition inch-precision map of the area the vehicle is expected to use, including how high the traffic lights are.

3-DIMENDIONAL MAP CREATED BY A LIDAR

WHAT IS IT?• It is the first truly driverless

electric car prototype built by Google to test the next stage of its five-year-old self-driving car project.

• It looks like a cross between a Smart car and a Nissan Micra, with two seats and room enough for a small amount of luggage.

• It is the first real physical incarnation of Google’s vision of what a self-driving car of the near future could be.

HOW DOES IT WORK?• Powered by an electric motor with around a 100 mile

range, the car uses a combination of sensors and software to locate itself in the real world combined with highly accurate digital maps.

• A GPS is used, just like the satellite navigation systems in most cars, to get a rough location of the car, at which point radar, lasers and cameras take over to monitor the world around the car, 360-degrees.

• The software can recognise objects, people, cars, road marking, signs and traffic lights, obeying the rules of the road and allowing for multiple unpredictable hazards, including cyclists. It can even detect road works and safely navigate around them

EQUIPMENT USED•Lidar System

•Video Cameras

•Radar Sensors

•Ultrasonic Sensors

•Orientation Sensors

•Central Computer

LIDAR

•The Velodyne HDL-64E lidar sensor is designed for obstacle detection and navigation of autonomous ground vehicles and marine vessels.

•The hdl-64e's patented one-piece design uses 64 fixed-mounted lasers to measure the surrounding environment, each mechanically mounted to a specific vertical angle, with the entire unit spinning.

•This approach dramatically increases reliability, field of view and point cloud density.

Continued……

VIDEO CAMERAS

•Detect traffic lights, read road signs, keep track of the position of other vehicles and look out for pedestrains and obstacles on the road.

RADAR SENSORS

•Four standard automative radar sensors, three in front and one in the rear which helps in determining the position of distant objects.

ULTRASONIC SENSORS

•It is used to measure the position of objects very close to the vehicle, such as curbs and other vehicles when parking.

ORIENTATION SENSORS•Similar to the way a person’s inner ear gives them a sense of motion and balance, this sensor located in the interior of the car works to give the car a sense of orientation.

CENTRAL COMPUTER

•Information from all the sensors is analysed by a central computer that manipulates the steering, accelerator and brakes. Its software must understand the rules of the road both formal and informal.

•Based on the information received the software takes self driving decisions.

HOW SAFE IS IT?

• The car itself is limited to 25 mph, which restricts it to certain roads, but also minimises the kinetic energy it could carry into a crash if one should happen.

• The front of the car is also made to be as kind to pedestrians as possible with a foam bumper and a flexible windscreen that is designed to absorb energy from an impact with a person’s body.

• Seat belts are also provided – a safety requirement for vehicles on the road – while the car has redundant systems, a “fault-tolerant architecture” as Google calls it, for both steering and braking, should the primary systems fails; plus that emergency stop button that passengers can hit at any time.

Continued……

ADVANTAGES•Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.

•Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.

•To avoid accidents .

• Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars.

• The current location of vehicle can be determined using global positioning system (g.p.s) .

LIMITATIONS• If the vehicle is using internet which is having less security then from the hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on the road(in rare cases)

•Hackers can change the route which is plotted in the system(in rare cases)

• In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can create a chance of accident

• The vehicles are unable to recognize temporary traffic signals. They have not proven themselves in snow or rain.

• They are also unable to navigate through parking lots.

• Vehicles are unable to differentiate between pedestrian and policeman or between crumpled up paper and a rock. Google projects having these issues fixed by 2024.

Continued……

CONCLUSION

•The driver less car’s technologies improves vehicle's stability helps to minimize loss of control.

•Driver less cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main causes of collisions: driving error, distraction and drowsiness.

REFERENCES

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/driverless car

•http://autocontrols.com.au/

•http://www.howstuffworks.com/cruise-control

•http://www.howstuffworks.com/electronic stability control

Any questions???

Thank

you