2.04: Political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to

sectionalism/nationalism

CHAPTER 3 (pages 94-131)

After 1812James Monroe elected 1816

and 1820 in landslides (D-R)

VP: John Quincy Adams (JA’s son)

Nationalism keeps growing

Period known as the “Era of Good Feelings”

Monroe as PrezGoal: create national economy (govt

policies support national growth/power)

Once D-R had been afraid of strong national govt…

Now they’ve changed their minds!

Henry Clay becomes the man with the plan, AKA “American System”

Monroe as PrezClay’s American System:1.protective tariffs: protect US businesses

from foreign competition by raising the cost of imported goods

2.New roads/canals: improve transportation between the east coast and west

3.national bank: new system needed to protect money supply

Monroe as PrezJohn Marshall heads SC, supports natl govt

through M v. M & other SC decisions:

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Congress has implied powers (create a National Bank), fed law superior to state law

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): only Fed Govt has power to regulate interstate commerce

Monroe as PrezPanic of 1819: economic downturn Workers lose jobs, demand down for

grain/cotton, farmers in debt, property lost to foreclosure

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1821: Spain sells Florida to U.S.

Monroe Doctrine, 1823:Monroe warns Europe to stay out of the

Americas

Election of 18244-way D-R race: 1.John Quincy Adams (JQA/former VP)2.Crawford (GA)3.Andrew Jackson (war hero – New Orleans)4.Henry Clay (“American system,” War Hawk)

Jackson wins more popular votes & electoral votes than JQA, but DOESN’T HAVE A MAJORITY

Election of 1824Clay decides to support Adams & transfer votes…

JQA becomes 6th Prez (1825-1829)Adams makes Clay his Secretary of State, supports

“American System”

Jackson is angry, calls this a “Corrupt Bargain”

(illegal deal)

Election of 1828Andrew Jackson furious that he’d been robbed in 1824,

runs again in 1828

AJ wins election as a Democrat (no longer D-R!)VP John Calhoun (SC)

Rose up from poor beginning, didn’t trust the richSupported by regular Americans/“plain folk”/common

menUsed the spoils system (gave jobs to his

friends/party followers)

Voting Trends – 1800sFewer states require property ownership to

be able to vote (only have to pay taxes)

More states have universal male suffrage (if you’re a white man, you can vote)

More voter participation (party conventions open to public, voters choose electors, parades, rallies…)

Voting Requirements 1800-1830

Jackson as PrezProtective tariffs part of “American System”

North okay with tariffs, South dislikes tariffs (dependent on foreign trade)

“Tariff of Abominations” passed 1828. Last act of JQA as Prez, leads to defeat, Jackson pressured to get rid of tariff ASAP.

Jackson as PrezJackson’s VP, Calhoun, opposes tariff.

Calhoun writes SC Exposition and Protest – protests tax, calls on southern states to nullify tariff.

Nullification: states could reject any federal law they thought unconstitutional.

Jackson as PrezAnother tariff passed in 1832…SC legislature rejects tariff:

AKA Nullification Crisis

SC threatens to secede (leave the union)Jackson supports state rights, but not if the

country would fall apart… threatens to send in troops

Solution: Clay writes compromise, CRISIS OVER

Jackson as PrezProposal: Second Natl Bank

Opponents (Jackson & Dems): dangerous/corrupt/ favors rich investors

Supporters: (Clay/Whig Party) economy will only grow with regulated currency (paper money w/ stable value)

Jackson vetoes 2nd Natl Bank!

Whig Party created to oppose Jackson, want strong national economy

Election of 1832Jackson (D) v. Henry Clay (W)

Jackson wins in landslide, takes on Natl Bank

Withdraws Fed $ from Natl Bank, puts it into different state banks AKA “Pet Banks”

2nd Natl Bank failsWhig Party attacks Jackson, calls him “King

Andrew the First”

Election of 1836Martin Van Buren elected

(Dem & Jackson’s fav)Panic of 1837: Depression started by

Jackson’s decision to stop accepting paper $ for purchase of federal land

Land value drops, banks/businesses bankrupt, etc.

Election of 1840Whigs run against the depression

William Henry Harrison elected (war hero/Whig).

Harrison dies 1 month into office, replaced by John Tyler (rejects Whig policies once in power)