1. Presented by:Nicole Gattuso, Fred Jackson, Travis Lovett, Jason Osborn
Global cities and ecologyNew York, Los Angeles, Chicago

2. Chicago
New York
Los Angeles
Source: US Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/2010_census_nighttime_map/nighttime_map_2010.html
3. New York
4. Los Angeles
5. Chicago
6. World Population 1750-2050
Source: World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/beyondco/beg_03.pdf
7. Energy Consumption (Kwh/capita)
Source: World Bank
Electric Power Consumption http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/beyondco/beg_03.pdf
8. Oil Consumption(Barrels/Day)
Source:Index Mundi, World Oil Consumption; http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx
9. Air Quality within Urban Environments
Without air we would not be able to survive
Photo: New York (from Ecoficial, 2010)
http://www.ecoficial.com/epa-proposes-stronger-air-quality-standards-for-sulfur-dioxide-589/
10. Air Pollution
Carbon Dioxide/Monoxide
Sulfur Oxides/Diesel Fuel
Nitrogen Oxides
This graph provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution. (Source: NOAA; http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/)
11. Nature can no longer manage air pollution without our help.
Pollution and Global Cities
12. According to the American Lung Association:

People 65 years and older

13. Low income families 14. People with existing lung problems 15. ChildrenWho is the most threatened?
16.

Eye Irritation

17. Sore Throats 18. Coughing 19. Lung Damage 20. Cancer 21. Premature DeathsWhat are the health effects?
http://hubpages.com/hub/air
22. NYC, LA, and Chicago Comparison
Air Nowhttp://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&zipcode=10026&submit=Go
23.

American Lung Association ranked Los Angeles worst polluted ozone.

Los Angeles Air
24.

Roughly 3.3 million jobs directly or indirectly related to the Port.

25. Generates around $5.1 billions in annual state and local taxes 26. Generates $21.5 billion taxes nationwide 27. Value of global trade is estimated to be $250 billion per year.The Port of Los Angeles
Air Monitoring Stations in Port
http://www.portoflosangeles.org/
28. 44%of all imports to the USA
90% of all trade from East Asia
29. New Yorks Air
The 2011 State of the Air ranked, New Yorks air pollution amongst the worst in the county. (American Lung Association, 2011)

1.4 million live with cardiovascular disease live within unhealthy levels

30. 460,000 Adults and 160,000 Children with Asthma(http://www.stateoftheair.org/2011/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html)
31.

South Bronx

32. Queens 33. Brooklyns Sunset Park 34. WilliamsburgNew Yorks Air
Photo: Bronx with Manhattan in Background By Witzen
35. In April, 2011, New York Times noted troubling levels of diesel pollution in Little Village, Lincoln Park, Ukrainian Village, Wicker Park, Pilsen, and other areas.
Chicagos Air
36. The Clean Air Task Force (a public health advocacy group) estimates in the Chicago Metro Area particulates from diesel emissions cause:

723 premature deaths

37. 1,125 heart attacks 38. 28,201 asthma attacks each year.Chicagos Air
39. Clean Air Act Created in 1970
In 1990 after the Act was in place for 20 years, it is estimated that it prevented more than 200,000 premature deaths and almost 700,000 cases of chronic bronchitis were avoided. ( United States, EPA, 2010)
Decades of Progress
40. In 2009, the state of New York adopted additional clean air policies more stringent than the Clean Air Act.
New York Initiatives
41. Clean Trucks Program-

Requires all 16,000 trucks at the Port to be compliant

42. Will reduce diesel emissions by 80% (City of Los Angeles, 2011)
Los Angeles Initiatives
43. Alternative Fuel Vehicles
By 2012-2013, L.A. plans to covert 85% of all fleet to be powered by alternative fuel.
Los Angeles Initiatives
L.A.s last diesel bus
One of L.A.s compressed natural gas buses
44. The Ports Triple Bottom Line Approach
Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP)
The plan is set to reduce:

Diesel particulate matter by 47%

45. Nitrogen oxides by 45% 46. Sulfur oxides by 52%L.A. Initiatives
47. SPRAWLNew York City, Los Angeles, Chicago
OBJECTIVES:
What is sprawl
Issues created from sprawl
Combating sprawl
Conclusion
48. SPRAWL
Became possible in 1814 in NYC
Spreading outwards of a city
Specifically, it is considered the rapid expansion of a metropolitan area
Leads to suburbanization
Creates small communities on the outskirts of the central city
Environmental Problems
Over consumption of resources
49. Issues created from Sprawl
Increasereliance on automobiles results in
Health hazardssuch as:
Air Pollution
Motor vehicle crashes
Pedestrian injuries and fatalities
50. Issues created from Sprawl cont.
EFFECTS OF LAND USE
Newhall Ranch: Largest housing development ever approved in Los Angelesfor 70,000 people
While the population of the seven-county Chicago metro area experienced a growth rate of 63 percent between 1950 and 2006, that rate jumps to 261 percent by removing the city of Chicago from the equation (Zekas, 2010)
Clearing of a forest for development impacts water quantity and quality
51. Issues created from Sprawl cont.

Unrelenting pressure of suburbanization is not only transforming some of the regions most important open spaces, but threatening to weaken New York Citys critical mass over long-term (Goldstein, 2003).