Global Cities Shanghai

Shanghai - World Cities beyond the West A Node in the Global Economic System

December 15, 2010 Christian Wagner & Kyu Suk Byun Urbanism in China

A Node in the global economic system(The reading argues that for Shanghai to become a world city)

Shanghai must create greateropenness for foreign investors

capitalize on FDI(foreign direct investment)

Joining WTO, Improve Telecommunications

Shanghai must revamp municipalpolicies to enhance competitiveness& foster stronger quality of life.

Sustainable strategies(30% of waste water is treatedincomparison to 7% in China

Increase per capita livingspace from 11sqm to 23sqm

But as of 2010...


http://lh4.ggpht.com/_Nnk6mwGcgcc/RrV8mPUO5YI/AAAAAAAABiw/kgrNJXa-W64/DSC02584.JPG

Located in People’s Square, the museum of Urban Planning of Shanghai showcases

the past and the future of urban planning in Local, Regional and Global Scales.


Criteria Economic

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political

- World CitiesCorporate headquarters, international financial institutions, stock exchangesSignificant financial capacity/output: city/regional GDPStock market indices/market capitalizationFinancial service provision; e.g., banks, accountancyCosts of living personal wealth; e.g., number of billionaires

International events and world affairs; Hosting headquarters for international organizations (World Bank), NATO headquarters A large proper, population of the municipality or agglomerationQuality of life standards or city developmentExpatriate communities

Renowned cultural institutions (often with high endowments), A lively cultural scene, several influential media outlets with an international reachThe ability and historical experience to host international sporting eventsEducational institutions World Heritage sites, Tourism throughputCity as an often repeated historic reference, showcase, or symbolic actions

An advanced transportation system, Extensive and popular mass transit systems, prominent rail usage, road vehicle usage, major seaportsAirports with significant passenger traffic and international passengers traffic or cargo movements.An advanced communications infrastructure Prominent skylines/skyscrapers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city


Criteria Economic

Pudong

Numbers

Fortune 500

- World Cities

As of 2000, 254/500 Fortune 500 Companies Moved Regional Headquarters to ShanghaiAs of 2010, the number has increased to almost 300.

1999 it accounted for 1/5 of metropolitan GDP of Shanghai.2008 it accounted for 1/4 of the metropolitan GDP of Shanghai

With the Nanhui District merger in May 2009, Pudong’s new gross domestic product amounts to an estimated RMB370 billion (US$53.98 billion), roughly equal to that of Slovenia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudong

http://www.export.gov/china/shanghaicontacts.asp

The Shanghai area represents:1% of China's population5% of China's GDP10% of China's contracted FDI13% of China's Imports

“The strategy seeks to capitalize on Shanghai’s industrial capabilities to build a high-technology manufacturing sector, to greatly expand the logistics infrastructure already in place, and to create a complex of finance and business services that rival those of HK.” (27)

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political


http://www.photos4travel.com/shanghai_china/Pudong_Puxi.jpg

“Several types of functions that are commonly associated with world city status

include: finance, transnational corporate headquarter functions,, global services,

transport, information, a site for international conferences, exhibitions, and cultural

activities.” (35)


Alpha - World CitiesAlpha ++ World Cities

Alpha + World Cities

Alpha World Cities

Alpha - World Cities

London & New York City

Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Tokyo

Seoul, Mumbai, Kuala Lumpur

Jakarta, Bangkok, Taipei

The Globalization and World Cities Research Network

A roster of world cities was outlined in the GaWC Research Bulletin 5 and ranked cities based on their connectivity through four “advanced producer services”: accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law.[5] The GaWC inventory identifies three levels of global cities and several sub-ranks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city


3

5

8

1015

20

Global Cities Index - World Cities2010 Ranking1. New York City2. London3. Tokyo4. Paris5. Hong Kong6. Chicago7. Los Angeles8. Singapore9. Sydney10. Seoul11. Brussels12. San Francisco13. Washington DC14. Toronto15. Beijing

16. Berlin17. Madrid18. Vienna19. Boston20. Frankfurt Am Main21. Shanghai22. Buenos Aires23. Stockholm24. Zurich25. Moscow26. Barcelona27. Dubai28. Rome29. Amsterdam30. Mexico City

Foreign Policy noted that "the world’s biggest, most interconnected cities help

set global agendas, weather transnational dangers, and serve as the hubs of global

integration. They are the engines of growth for their countries and the gateways to the

resources of their regions."http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_city


17

16

40

27

29

2138

25

GDP in the Region - Top Competitors2010 Ranking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP

Shanghai’ GDP is higher than most of the asian countries except for Seoul, Tokyo,

Osaka and Hong Kong.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Shanghaistockexchange.jpg

In order to compete with Hong Kong, Shanghai will improve its manufacturing

capacity, infrastructure, financial capibilities, and business services.

Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world’s sixth largest stock market by market

capitalization at US$2.4 trillion as of Aug 2010. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange,

the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors due to

tight capital account controls exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities.


Manufacturing SectorAutomobile

Electronics & Telecommunications

Power Station Equipment

Steel

Pharmaceutical

Home Appliances

- Shanghai

http://www.cannondesign.com/FILES/original/2009/06/29/ccd23ba81d20f43a1711b8ae5073aa5a2b987f8f.jpg

Zhangjiang high-tech park has 110 research and development institutions and 327 companies. It’s role is to drive future

economic growth and higher employment.

Criteria Economic

- World Cities

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political


Criteria Aging Population

- World Cities

The rapidly again population presents Shanghai with another difficult challenge. Those over age 65 accounted for 12.5% of the total population in 1996 and 13.3 in 1998, and on current trends are epxected to account for 26% in the year 2020.

81%

19%

2000 census

Shanghai Municipality

migrants

16.738mil

3.871mil

9%

76%

15%

Population in different age groups

0-14

15-65

65-

74%

26%

Population of foreigners in 2007 - 0.38million

etc

foreign expatriates

73%

25%

2%

Population of long term residents in 2008 - 18.88million

residents

migrants

etc13.71mil

4.79mil

0.38mil

0.13mil

12.661mil

2.752mil1.469mil

“Age Composition and Dependency Ratio of Population by Region (2004) in China Statistics 2005”http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_9_age_composition_and_dependency_ratio.html

“Expat Evolution: Is Shanghai’s full-package expat going extinct?”. City Weekend Guidehttp://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/articles/blogs-shanghai/cw-radar/expat-evolution/


19M4M

5M

4.5M

4.3M

4.5M

3.4M

6M

8M

7.7M7.7M

Shanghai-Hangzhou-Wuxi Megalopolis; “around Shanghai and extending westward along the Yangtze River Valley is one of the 2 most prosperous economic hinterlands in China with an urban population of 200 Million and a GDP of nearly $300 Billion (1995 dollars at market prices).”

GDP ARGENTINA:310 Billion USD(World Bank)

Population of BRAZIL190,000,000 People(2010 official Census)s)

Page 34

Hangzhou

Ningbo

RailwayShip

Wuxi

Shanghai

Linkages - Shanghai-Wuxi-Ningbo

CITY POPULATIONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION

13,831,900

SHANGHAI

16,650,000

JAKARTA

9,588,198

18,900,00019,200,000

MUMBAI

13,830,88410,464,051

20,550,000

SEOUL

Seoul-Incheon-Gyeonggido BEIJING

10,123,000

12,500,000

8,887,608

TOKYO

32,450,000

CITY POPULATIONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION

13,831,900

SHANGHAI

16,650,000

JAKARTA

9,588,198

18,900,00019,200,000

MUMBAI

13,830,88410,464,051

20,550,000

SEOUL

Seoul-Incheon-Gyeonggido BEIJING

10,123,000

12,500,000

8,887,608

TOKYO

32,450,000


1st

10th

2nd

5th

10th

6th

11th

1st

8th

2nd

9th

19th

Population

Population

- City Proper

- Metropolitan Region


http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Places/Images/shanghai-bund-jbg-040808-0166-lw.jpg

The bund was first European community when it was established in the 1800s. A lot

of foreign banks, companies and consulates are located in this area.


http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/83/Shanghai_-_Nanjing_Road_.jpeg

Nanjing Lu is the main shopping street in Huangpu district. People’s square is

located here. People’s square is the site of the municipal government headquarters

building. It’s used as the standard reference point for measurement of distance in

Shanghai municipality.


http://collapsingbarrycade.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/xintiandi2.jpg

Xintiandi is an affluent car-free shopping, eating and entertainment of Shanghai.


Tongji university was established as “German School of Chinese Medicine in

Shanghai”


http://www.bing.com/slideshow/search?q=Shanghai+China&FORM=DTPSLM

The Yuyuan Garden is considered one of the most lavish and finest Chinese gardens in

the Shanghai region. It is a good example of preserving Shanghai’s local heritage.


After the whole project is done, a lovely and quiet town will be a modern community of

more than 50,000 people.


http://farm1.static.flickr.com/109/284607887_1d19ad3a6d.jpg?v=0

Thames Town, which cost about 5 billion yuan ($635 million), is expected to house

10,000 people.

Criteria Economic

- World Cities

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political


Criteria - World Cities


0 100 200 300 400 500

TOKYO

SEOUL

BEIJING

HONG KONG

SHANGHAI

KM OF RAIL

KM OF RAIL

3.160 billion

2.048 billion

1.457 billion

1.323 billion

1.3 billion

Railway Trends - Shanghai


Despite having one of the longest rail systems, sprawling Shanghai is still a car-

dominated city.

http://www.chinaodysseytours.com/pictures-of-china/images/shanghai/nightlife_in_shanghai/nightlife-in-shanghai08.jpg


http://www.chinaodysseytours.com/pictures-of-china/images/shanghai/nightlife_in_shanghai/nightlife-in-shanghai08.jpg

Despite having one of the longest rail systems, sprawling Shanghai is still a car-

dominated city.


http://injapan.gaijinpot.com/2010/04/30/visiting-the-shanghai-expo/

Chongming high speed rail station connects by rail to Nanjing.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg

Yangshan port is annexed to the existing port of Shanghai to be able to host the

world’s largest cargo ships. Shanghai plays a significant role among all the ports in

around Asia.

Ports in China - Top Competitors


Shanghai

Hong KongShenzhenGuangzhou

Ningbo-Zhoushan

Qingdao

Tianjin DalianQinhuangdao

2008 Figures by Cargo Tonnage (thou)01. Singapore02. Shanghai03. Rotterdam04. Tianjin05. Ningbo-Zhoushan06. Guangzhou07. Qingdao08. Hong Kong09. Qinhuangdao10. Dalian11. Busan Korea12. Nagoya Japan13. Shenzhen

515,415508,000421,136365,163361,850347,000278,271259,402252,000246,000241,683218,130211,000


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pudong_Airport_Terminal_2_Outside.jpg

Pudong International Airport is a major hub in the east asia region.


Airports - Top Competitors

65,372,012

61,903,656

45,558,807

40,500,224

37,203,978

37,143,719

37,048,712

32,135,191

32,102,549

29,682,093

28,677,161

0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000

Beijing Capital International Airport

Tokyo International Airport

Hong Kong International Airport

Suvarnabhumi Airport

Singapore Changi Airport

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Narita International Airport

Shanghai Pudong International Airport

Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Seoul Incheon International Airport

2009 Statistics by Passenger Volume

2009 Statistics by Tonnes of Cargo

35131621222333344041

2341011141520212428

3,385,313

2,543,394

2,313,001

1,851,972

1,660,724

1,475,649

1,358,304

1,045,194

955,270

779,118

601,620

0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000

Hong Kong International Airport

Shanghai Pudong International Airport

Seoul Incheon International Airport

Narita International Airport

Singapore Changi Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

Suvarnabhumi Airport

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Tokyo International Airport

Kuala Lumpur International Airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World’s_busiest_airports_by_cargo_traffichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World’s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic

Shanghai was one of the earliest trading ports, surpassed Guangzhou in 1853

“During its golden age in the 1920’s, with a population of over 2 million, Shanghai was ‘a meeting ground for people from all countries, a great and unique city, one of the most remarkable in the world’ (Pott 1928, p 1)” (28)

1950’s-1980’s - 30 years of neglect and disinvestment, no infrastructural improvements (however, largest contributor of the country’s revenue, pillar of planned economy)

1980’s - rapid path of modernization

Between 1991-1998, about 12,000 work units as well as 400000 houseeholds were moved from downtown to the city’s suburbs.

1992 - The Shanghai Urban Construction Investment and Development Company was formed to mobilize, allocate and manage funds for urban construction.

1997-1998 - Crisis in Asia

By the end of 2001, 21 foreign banks had established their main offices in Shanghai; Over 1160 enterprises were listed on the Shanghai or the Shenzhen stock exchanges by the end of 2001 and market capitalization was close to 4.4 trillion yuan (530 billion) (40)

Criteria Economic

- World Cities

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political


Criteria - World Cities


Administrative Divisions - ShanghaiShanghai Proper - Puxi

Shanghai Suburbs

Outlying Districts

Huangpu DistrictLuwan DistrictXuhui DistrictChangning DistrictJing’an DistrictPutuo DistrictZhabei DistrictHongkou DistrictYangpu DistrictShanghai proper

Pudong New AreaBaoshan DistrictMinhang DistrictJiading DistrictInner Suburbs

Jinshan DistrictSongjiang DistrictQingpu DistrictFengxian DistrictOuter suburbs

574,500328,9001,064,600702,200 305,4001,051,700798,600860,7001,243,8006,930,400

3,187,4001,228,0001,217,300753,1006,385,800

580,400641,100595,900624,3002,441,700

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanghai


http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/83/Shanghai_-_Nanjing_Road_.jpeg

This building at the World Expo stands for Chinese Wisdom in urban development. It is

highlighted by traditional Dougong style, and will be one of 5 permanent buildings of Expo 2010.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shanghai_Expo_Cultural_Center.jpg

The Shanghai Expo Cultural Center will be one of 5 permanent buildings of Expo 2010.

Economic

- Questions?

Social/Cultural

Infrastructure

Political


Thank You!

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