Games for ChangeWhat Can We Learn from Video Games, Online Games and Simulations?

Dr. Cynthia CalongneJanuary 16, 2014

Games Workshop Topics• Meaningful Play• Video Games• MMORPGs• Games for Change • Gamer Superpowers• Game Research• CTU Game Designs

• References for games, research and game creation resources

• Cover photo by Lyr Lobo– Second Life Multiplayer Game Design by AgileBill Firehawk– Hosted during the Virtual Worlds Best Practices in Education 2013

Game Beginnings - 3500 BC

Nefertari Playing Senet

Wikipedia

Design Concepts

Game Elements

• Rules• Objectives• Environment• Setting• Win Conditions• Challenges• Treasure, Loot or Gold• Badges• Reputation

2D and 3D Games

• Story• Terrain • 2D or 3D Graphics• Strategies• Conflict• Players• Non-Player Characters (NPCs)• Enemies or Monsters• Competition

Evolution of Video Game Controllers

PS 4 and inside the controller

PS 4 Launch November 2013

PS4 Video GamesSocial

The 1st month of the PS4 launch featured over 20 million minutes or 38 years of gameplay recorded and broadcast on Twitch and Ustream

Halo 2 and the Prevent Cancer Foundation

Games on Twitch - Jan 6, 2014

Game Live StreamsIntel & Electronic Sports League UK feature the Intel Christmas(ish) Cup

Benefits of Games

Games can stimulate

• Problem solving• Critical thinking• Digital literacy• Strategy & tactics• Motor skill development• Collaboration• Leadership & courage• Socialization

Game-based learning

• Vision & creativity• Sustainability• Immersion • Learning retention• Heutagogy• Knowledge networks• Socio-technical skills• Entrepreneurship

MMORPGsThe World of Warcraft

Strategy and tactics

Collaborative play

Competitive

PvE, PvP, RP, PKer

Games that Make a Difference

• FoldIt http://fold.it– Crowdsourcing to Solve Puzzles for Science– Gamers modeled a pre-HIV retroviral protease in ten days– Scientists worked on it for ten years

• Re-Mission and Re-Mission 2– Fight cancer http://www.re-mission.net/

• Find the Future http://game.nypl.org– 500 gamers play an alternate reality game while writing a book

in the library in one night

Re-Mission

Re-Mission

• Largest randomized, controlled study of a video game’s impact on cancer patients– 375 teens and young adults– 34 medical centers during 3 months of treatment

• Research design– Control group received PCs with a popular video game– Test group - PCs with the same game and Re-Mission

• Results - Jane McGonigal at ISTE– 20% higher survival rate from patients using chemo and

medication to fight cancer

Re-Mission 2 by HopeLab

NYPL Decline in Library Interest

Gamers read to investigate and discover new

strategies

500 Players in One Night to Write 100 Stories

As an Alternate Reality Game

Gamer PowersMobbability –real-time work & scalable collaboration

Cooperation radar – sense the best collaborators

Ping quotient – responsive to requests

Influency – persuasive in diverse social environments and media

Multi-capitalism – natural, intellectual, social, financial

Protovation – fearless, rapid innovation

Open authorship

See the big picture – longbroading

Emergensight – prepare and handle surprising results and complexity

Signal/noise management – identify meaningful patterns from data stream

http://www.slideshare.net/avantgame/10-collaboration-superpowers

Games and Play StylesTypes of games

• Word, trivia or puzzle• Scavenger or Treasure Hunt• Action or adventure• Real Time Strategy (RTS)• Roleplay game (RPG)• MMORPGs• Arcade or Video games• First Person Shooter (FPS)• Simulations (Sims)• Board or card games

Play styles

• Individual or social• Multiplayer cooperative• Multiplayer competitive• Everyone is a winner!• Last man standing – PvP• Player vs Environment• Roleplay• Capture the flag• Team wins• High score

Serious Games Design Comparison

Strategy Game Design• Treatment & Design• Game Strategy & Engine• Rules, Content, Behavior• Models, Terrain, Characters• Game Logic & Programming• Artificial Intelligence - NPCs• Operational Test• Level & Strategy Test• Usability & Play Test• Documentation – user & design

documentation

Virtual World Simulations• Treatment/Concept• Game Design & Objectives• Learning Rubrics & Behaviors• Modeling & Prototyping• Texturing & Scripting• Integration – external resources

– Multimedia, Bots, Databases

• Operational Test• Usability & Play Test• Learning Assessment• User Documentation - informal

Immersive and Mobile Games

ImaginationMeaningful play helps to develop our imagination

Games test the boundaries of our imagination

SLIPPERY ROCK FALLSMultiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game

(MPERPG)

A virtual world 3D game for 2-member teams to learn how to improve collaboration and communication skills

SLIPPERY ROCK FALLSMultiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game

(MPERPG)Team Control Board

Note: located in the game environment at the activity location, each team has a control board. These color-coded control boards support

four teams playing simultaneously.

SLIPPERY ROCK FALLSMultiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game

(MPERPG)

Rubric and Rating Scale

1 Poor2Fair3Good

4Very Good5Excellent

Definitions- Knows: refers to the recall of facts, principles, and theories.- Knows how: involves the ability to solve problems and describe procedures.- Shows how: involves demonstration of skills in a controlled setting.- Does: can demonstrate the ability to imitate or replicate techniques, apply principles in a familiar situation, adapt principles to new situations, and associate new knowledge with previously learned principles.

Mayan Temple Culture and Games

A Few Design Distinctions

Strategy Game• Game engine• Modeling

– 2D diagrams and 3D objects

• Character Creation• Level & Strategy Design• System Integration• Game Events • Win Strategy - Objectives• Quality Assurance

– Unit & Integration Tests– Play and Usability tests

Virtual World• Virtual World Simulator• Rapid Prototyping

– 3D Game Objects

• Bots (NPCs) and Avatars• Linking Object Models

– Designing on the z Axis

• Multimedia & Animations• Rubrics - Objectives & Outcomes• QA - Change Management

– Object Behavior Tests– Integration, Play & Usability Tests

CTU EM Games

• EM 840 Virtual World Simulation– Greek Mythology

• Pandora’s Garden• The Temple• The Labyrinth and Daedalus’s Wings• Medusa’s Lair

– Space• The Spaceship game

– Blue Earth• Trading card game

Pandora’s Garden of Imagination

Transforming into the Phoenix

Inside the Labyrinth Game

A CTU Game Designer Demos the Game Badge

Badges and Gamification

• Transforming a course into a game– Points and grades become gold and rewards– Reputation, titles and badges– Incentivizes learning– Minimizes game development– Uses a similar assessment strategy– If competitive, requires anonymity, seeding the population

with NPCs

The Temple Games and Oracle

Medusa’s Lair

A Self-Image GamePerception of Self

and Self-Confidence Game

Educational Game Design by Students

Integrating Artificial Intelligence

Game Designs by CTU Students

SickBay in the Space Game

Blue Earth’s Educational Games

Blue Earth’s Trading Card Game

Games for Second Life and Moodle - Sloodle

Learning from Game Simulations

Mapping Games to Learning Assessment

Game Measurement and Support

Educational Tools that Support Assessment

Will Wright and the Game of Life

• Bar Karma – a community designed a TV show– Wright designed the Storymaker tool for storyboarding it– Episode One: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysSaK2wQXwc– Most mysterious bar in the universe; the Twilight Zone meets the Men in Black

• Wright’s latest project is the Game of Life– Leveraging social media and gathering facts on the players via mobile devices

Episode One of Bar Karma

Games and ResearchWright, W. (2010). Games as Tools for Science and Society. GameTech.

Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/guesta79ddf9/orando2010-5

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fulyfB0c_CQ

McGonigal (2010). Reality is Broken. http://realityisbroken.org/

McCrea, B. (2012). WoWing Language Arts. The Journal, September 2012. http://online.qmags.com/TJL0912/default.aspx?pg=24&mode=1#pg24&mode1

Boyle, A. (2011). Gamers solve molecular puzzle that baffled scientistshttp://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/09/18/7802623-gamers-solve-molecular-puzzle-that-baffled-scientists?lite

Steinkuehler, C. 2010. MMOs, Learning & The New Pop Cosmopolitanhttp://web.nmc.org/files/2010-nml-symposium/constance-steinkuehler-slides.pdf

NMC Horizon Report http://www.nmc.org/horizon-project/horizon-reports

Pathways for Learning Anywhere, anytime - a Network for Educators (PLANE) http://my.plane.edu.au/

Game VideosJane McGonigal (2010). : Gaming can make a better world. Ted Talks.

http://www.ted.com/talks/jane_mcgonigal_gaming_can_make_a_better_world.html

CNN. (2010). Gaming to save the world. Jane McGonigal on Evoke. http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/tech/2010/03/09/am.game.solves.problems.cnn#/video/tech/2010/03/09/am.game.solves.problems.cnn

Schell, J. (2010). When games invade real life. http://www.ted.com/talks/jesse_schell_when_games_invade_real_life.html

Novak, Kae. (2012). Massively Minecraft’s Open House Tour. Abacus from GAMESMOOC narrating. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZez0EZKL6U

Five-Minute Film Festival: Game-Based Learninghttp://www.edutopia.org/blog/film-festival-video-game-based-learning

Images

Controllers from Nintendo, Sony Playstation and Microsoft Xbox 360

PS 4 Teardown http://www.techinsights.com/sony-playstation-4/

Twitch.Tv (2014, Jan 6). Twitch live stream. Retrieved from http://www.twitch.tv/

Pulu, T. (2011, 20 Sep). Gamers solve decade old HIV puzzle in ten days. ZME Science. Retrieved from http://www.zmescience.com/research/studies/gamers-solve-decade-old-hiv-puzzle-in-ten-days/#RVu8gKEgRiXY1bCV.99

Lerner, E. (2011, 24 May). Game Night at the N.Y.P.L. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/05/game-night-at-the-nypl.html#slide_ss_0=1

McGonigal, J. (2011). http://www.slideshare.net/avantgame/10-collaboration-superpowers

Arnold, B. (2012, 30 May). Left Brain Right Brain Illustration. Retrieved from http://www.cartoonaday.com/left-brain-right-brain-illustration/

Educational Games – Online & VWs

Virtual Worlds

Games Based Learning MOOC http://gamesmooc.shivtr.com/

Virtual Harmony, Mars Geothermal Game http://harmonyestate.dyndns-ip.com/?q=node/11

3D Game Lab http://3dgamelab.com/

Massively Minecraft – Jokaydia Minecraft Servers http://massivelyminecraft.org/

Quest Atlantis ARX http://www.questatlantis.org/

WoW in School http://wowinschool.pbworks.com/w/page/5268731/FrontPage

Other Educational Game Sites

Sporcle - Mentally Stimulating Diversions http://www.sporcle.com/

Word Games http://www.wordgames.com/

A Few Game Creation Resources

SL Game Kit – no programming https://marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/16732?id=16732

Games in Education - Game Creation Tools http://gamesined.wikispaces.com/Game+Creation+Tools

Unity3D Game Engine – Multiplatform http://unity3d.com/

Class Tools.net: Create Interactive flash games for education http://www.classtools.net/

ProProfs Brain Games . Create Your Own Games. http://www.proprofs.com/games/create-game/

GameMaker Studio by YoYo Games. http://www.yoyogames.com/gamemaker/studio

Create & Play PurposeGames. http://www.purposegames.com/

Resources:

Imagechef – Word Mosaic http://www.imagechef.com/

Hot Potatoes – Puzzle Freeware, interface in 27 languages. http://hotpot.uvic.ca/

Pandorabots –Chatbot Creation http://www.pandorabots.com/botmaster/en/home

Game-Based Learning TipsMiller, A. (2011). Game-Based Learning Units for the Everyday Teacher

www.edutopia.org/blog/video-game-model-unit-andrw-miller

Foreman, J., Gee, J.P., Herz, J.C., Hinrichs, R., Prensky, M. and Sawyer, B. (2004). Game-Based Learning: How to Delight and Instruct in the 21st Century. Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5, (Sept/Oct. 2004): 50-66. http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/game-based-learning-how-delight-and-instruct-21st-century

Teaching Entry Level Geoscience (n.d.). Game-based learning. http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/games/index.html

Trybus, J. (2012). Game-Based Learning: What it is, why it Works, and Where it’s Going. http://www.newmedia.org/game-based-learning--what-it-is-why-it-works-and-where-its-going.html

eSchool News (2012). Why ‘game-based learning’ is the future of education. http://www.eschoolnews.com/2012/07/17/bill-gates-why-game-based-learning-is-the-future-of-education/

Upside Learning Blog (2011). What is Game Based Learning? http://www.upsidelearning.com/blog/index.php/2011/06/20/what-is-game-based-learning/

Simulations and GamesStricker, A. (2011). Sustainable 3D Worlds. Harmonious Living. Fitting together

ecology, spirituality, and community. Designs in Unity3D and OpenSim. http://unity.em840.com/Virtual_Harmony/Welcome.html

Aldrich, C. (2009). Virtual worlds, simulations, and games for education: A unifying view. Innovate 5 (5). http://www.clarkaldrichdesigns.com/2009/12/virtual-worlds-simulations-and-games.html

Calongne, C. (2012). Military Open Simulator Enterprise Strategy (MOSES) . Ephemeral: Virtual world games and simulation research. https://107.7.21.233/redmine/projects/moses/wiki/Ephemeral

Stricker, A. and Calongne, C. (2011). Combining Model-based Reasoning with Somatic Computing in an Immersive 3D World Simulation. Mars Geothermal IRB Proposal for Virtual Harmony. https://107.7.21.233/redmine/attachments/download/754/IRB_Virtual_Harmony_CALONGNE_and_STRICKER_15_June_2011.docx

Adobe Stock Photo on slide 2 - Global Learning Forum Event August 23, 2012

Journals, Blogs and ConferencesInternational Journal of Game-Based Learning (IJGBL)

http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-game-based-learning/41019/

Ladley, P. (2012). Games-based learning interest around the world. http://www.games-based-learning.com/

Education Scotland (2012). Game based learninghttp://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/usingglowandict/gamesbasedlearning/index.asp

Game Based Learning 2010. (2010). Video games, social media & learning.http://www.gamebasedlearning2010.com/

‘Game-based’ learning. (2012). Check out the classroom of the future, Bill Gates’ style. http://www.ajc.com/news/news/opinion/game-based-learning/nQXGw/

6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012). http://academic-conferences.org/ecgbl/ecgbl2012/ecgbl12-home.htm

US Dept of Education (2012). Connected Educator Month: Game-Based Learning http://www.ed.gov/blog/2012/08/connected-educator-month-game-based-learning/

Presentations on Designing Games

Fliesen, D. and Calongne, C. (2012). Virtual guides: a hybrid approach to immersive learning. http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/game-tech-virtual-guides-fliesen-calongne

Stricker, A. and Calongne, C. (2011). Games and simulation design: from a hostage rescue game to geothermal energy on Mars in Virtual Harmony http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/gordon-research-conference-2011

Calongne, C. (2011). Designing simulations and games: design tips and tricks http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/designing-simulations-and-gamesdesign-tips-and-tricks

Calongne, C. (2010). Mars Expedition GameTech 2010 http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/mars-expedition-game-tech-2010

Calongne C. and Stricker, A. (2009). Evaluating a Game Simulation Kit in Second Life. http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/evaluating-a-game-simulation-kit-in-second-life

Calongne, C. (2009). Designing Games & Learning Activities in Second Life http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/designing-games-and-learning-activities-in-second-life

Calongne, C. (2012). Highlights from 33 Classes with Lyr Lobo in an Animoto Video http://ctusoftware.blogspot.com/2012/08/highlights-from-33-classes-with-lyr.html

Games for ChangeWhat Can We Learn from Video Games, Online Games and Simulations?

Questions?

Dr. Cynthia CalongneJanuary 16, 2014