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FRUIT PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA: A HIGH
SECTOR WITH POTENTIAL FOR
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
John OCAMPO PEREZ I.A, M.Sc.Ph.D. Candidate
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de MontpellierSupAgro
2007
CONTENT
1. Background
2. Agricultural problems in Colombia
3. Biotechnology
4. Fruits growing
5. Objective
6. Strategies
2
a – Cultivated area
Approximately 4.600 hectares
1.BACKGROUD
3
b – Gross Domestic Product - GDP
1.BACKGROUD
4
c –Balance tradeYear Exportations Importations Balanza
1991 2,713,322 399,552 2,313,770
1992 2,724,098 737,682 1,986,416
1993 2,559,216 890,637 1,668,579
1994 3,731,005 1,218,899 2,512,106
1995 3,687,303 1,511,657 2,175,646
1996 3,412,943 1,881,595 1,531,348
1997 4,282,116 1,909,700 2,372,416
1998 4,035,005 1,910,150 2,124,855
1999 3,390,766 1,520,217 1,870,549
2000 3,128,733 1,590,661 1,538,072
2001 2,889,631 1,676,694 1,212,937
2002 2,923,390 1,718,690 1,204,700
2003 3,004,999 1,761,482 1,243,517
2004 3,542,612 1,995,719 1,546,893
2005 4,608,311 2,042,128 2,566,183
Source: DANE, DIAN
Cálculos: Observatorio agrocadenas
1.BACKGROUD
5
Source: Cálculos Observatorio Agrocadenas con base en datos DANE-DIAN
d- Exportations
1.BACKGROUD
6
e- New employment - 2006
4.000
1.BACKGROUD
7
2. PROBLEMS
a - General
• Low budget
• Low prices – international market
• Little planning
• Low research
• Armed conflict
• Few public-private partnerships
8
b- Specific
• High genetic erosion
• Phytosanitary problems
• Lack of agro-ecological areas definition (Geomatic)
• Low training
• Low logistic of agricultural chains - Agrocadenas
2. PROBLEMS
9
3. BIOTECHNLOGY
10
Biotechnology in the world agriculture
Genotyping, Gen discovery, Genetic transformation, Bioinformatics
• Rice • Corn • Wheat• Orange• Banana• Papaya
11
Biotechnology in the Colombian agriculture
• Coffee: genome analysis• Sugar cane: resistance to disease• Cassava: biofortification Vitamin A (GMO)• Lulo: in vitro propagation• Clavel azul (GMO)• Passiflora: molecular markers, cytogenetic.
12
• Spent research $15.000 millions – 2006
• Public fundsColcienciasAsohofrucolAgricultural Ministry
• Center of researchCorpoicaCenisCiatBioversity InternationalUniversities
Science and research system
13
• International donor World Bank
FontagroBIDBTZ - GTZGlobal Challenge Program
• Exchange and International cooperationCIRAD, IRD (France)
USDA (USA)EMBRAPA (BRAZIL)INIAS (Andean countries)Universities (around world)
Science and research system
14
4. FRUIT GROWING
Advantages
• Habitats diversity
• Inter and intra-specific variability (150 taxa)
• Demand in national and international markets
15
Disadvantages
• Little infrastructure
• Low training
• Few credits
• Lack of agro-ecological areas definition (GIS)
• Phytosanitary problems
• Lack of gremial associations
• Illicit crops
16
Years Exportations Importations Balanza
1991 421,280 17,873 403,407
1992 424,670 26,620 398,050
1993 439,358 34,397 404,961
1994 501,647 58,417 443,230
1995 447,120 89,439 357,681
1996 470,870 88,348 382,522
1997 512,541 102,364 410,177
1998 496,930 81,394 415,536
1999 572,705 73,537 499,168
2000 494,417 80,913 413,504
2001 424,966 68,468 356,498
2002 454,948 67,605 387,343
2003 441,038 64,637 376,401
2004 455,891 75,351 380,540
2005 545,021 82,462 462,559
Source: DANE, DIAN
Cálculos: Observatorio agrocadenas
Balance trade
17
Per capita consumption of fresh
fruits
18
Approved fruit projects 1998 to 2004
19
ANTECEDENTS OF RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA
• Papaya: `Cotove’ variety, morphological,molecular.
• Papayuelas: morphological, molecular,biogeography.
• Mango: morphological, biogeography.
• Tomate de árbol: morphological.
• Passiflora: morphological, molecular,chemistry, cytogenetic,biogeography.
• Lulo: ‘La Selva’ variety, morphological,molecular, chemistry.
• Uchuva: morphological, molecular, cytogenetic.
• Guanabana: molecular, in vitro.
• Guayaba: molecular.20
First national census of 10 agro-industrial
and promising fruits
2004
Total cultivated area
Market demand
21
Excellence Center of Passiflora
CEPASSS
P. tripartita var. mollissima
P. tarminiana P. maliformis P. quadrangularis
P. edulis f. flavicarpa / edulis P. ligularis
22
Studies in Passifloraceae and
Caricaceae
23
-.45 -.4 -.35 -.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .1 .15 .2 .25
.25
.2
.15
.1
.05
-.1
-.15
-.2
-.25
-.3
-.35
FFA-3FFA-1
FFA-4FFA-2
GS-1
GS-2
GS-3
GS-4
Ind-1
Ind-2
Ind-3
JNP-1
JNP-2
JNP-3
LIA-1
LIA-2
LIA-3
Lin2-1
Lin2-2
Lin2-3
Lin23-1
Lin23-2
Lin23-3
Lin23-4
Lin35-1
Lin35-2
Lin35-3
Lin40-1
Lin40-2
Lin40-3
Lin41-1
Lin41-2
Lin41-3
Par12-1
Par12-2Par12-3
Par21-1
Par21-2Par21-3
Par23-1
Par23-2Par23-3
Rivera-1
Rivera-2Rivera-3
SVP-1
SVP-2
SVP-3
UCAL1
UCAL2
UCAL3
UCAL4
Par9-1
Par9-2
Par9-3
Par4-1
Par4-2Par4-3 Par40-1
Par40-2
Par40-3Par39-1
Par39-2
Par39-3
Par39-4
Par46-1
Par46-2
Par46-3Par24-1
Par24-2Par24-3
Quoo7
Tesor-1
Tesor-2
Tesor-3
Cauca-1
Cauca-2
M o r a l1
Factor 1 (21% de inercia)
P. P. edulisedulis f. f. edulisedulis
P. P. edulisedulis f. f. flavicarpaflavicarpaColombiaColombia
ColombiaColombia
BrasilBrasil
ColombiaColombia
PerPerúú
ColombiaColombia
BrasilBrasil
PerPerúú
CaldasCaldas
ValleValle deldel CaucaCauca
CaucaCauca
AFCMAFCM
-.45 -.4 -.35 -.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .1 .15 .2 .25
.25
.2
.15
.1
.05
-.1
-.15
-.2
-.25
-.3
-.35
FFA-3FFA-1
FFA-4FFA-2
GS-1
GS-2
GS-3
GS-4
Ind-1
Ind-2
Ind-3
JNP-1
JNP-2
JNP-3
LIA-1
LIA-2
LIA-3
Lin2-1
Lin2-2
Lin2-3
Lin23-1
Lin23-2
Lin23-3
Lin23-4
Lin35-1
Lin35-2
Lin35-3
Lin40-1
Lin40-2
Lin40-3
Lin41-1
Lin41-2
Lin41-3
Par12-1
Par12-2Par12-3
Par21-1
Par21-2Par21-3
Par23-1
Par23-2Par23-3
Rivera-1
Rivera-2Rivera-3
SVP-1
SVP-2
SVP-3
UCAL1
UCAL2
UCAL3
UCAL4
Par9-1
Par9-2
Par9-3
Par4-1
Par4-2Par4-3 Par40-1
Par40-2
Par40-3Par39-1
Par39-2
Par39-3
Par39-4
Par46-1
Par46-2
Par46-3Par24-1
Par24-2Par24-3
Quoo7
Tesor-1
Tesor-2
Tesor-3
Cauca-1
Cauca-2
M o r a l1
Factor 1 (21% de inercia)
P. P. edulisedulis f. f. edulisedulis
P. P. edulisedulis f. f. flavicarpaflavicarpaColombiaColombia
ColombiaColombia
BrasilBrasil
ColombiaColombia
PerPerúú
ColombiaColombia
BrasilBrasil
PerPerúú
CaldasCaldas
ValleValle deldel CaucaCauca
CaucaCauca
AFCMAFCM
Morphological markers
Yellow and purple maracuja
24
First map of potential distribution
Maracuya
25
Distribution map of
Passifloraceae species
26
•Andean Region
•Gaps – Hulia and Tolima
-.05
-.1
-.15
-.2
-.25
-.3
-.35
-.4
-.45
SM1
SH3-A
SH3-B
SH4
SM5
SH7
SH8
SH9
SH10
SM12
SH13
SM14
SH15
SH17
SH18
SH19
SH21
SH24
SH30
SH31
SH33
SH34
CH35
CH37
SH39
CR Her
Col59
Col61b
Pres
Mara
Jard
Pomo
CotA
Chap
Cart
Buen
Cruc
Delf
Quie
Boca
G101
G104
G77
G64
G66
G67
G2
Desh
VL20
VL15
VL18
Vl12
VL4
Vl5
Vl14
GND4
GND5
GND2
GND3
GND11
BBD7
BBD11
BBD5
BBD6
SC1
SCR1
SC
MTQ1
ATG1
SVC1
India
Solo
Colombia
Costa Rica
Barbados
Venezuela
Guadeloupe
Saint CroixColombia
Colombia
Colombia
14.11% inertia total
8.4
4%
in
ert
i a t
ota
l
PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
Microsatellite markers27
Papayuelas - Mountains papaya
(Vasconcellea spp)
Isozymatic and
microsatellie markers
28
The national fruit growing recovery should be supported in
a relatively important national market, in order to have a
“second breath” in the exportation market.
CONCLUSION
29
To develop an action plan that identifies andprioritizes the fruit trees of greater potential in themarket, assuring integration and sustainability ofthe productive chain, based on the first NationalCensus of 10 agro-industrial and promising fruits.
5. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
30
1- Management and usage of the genetic resources:
• Inventory of the collections.
• Complementary collect.
• Introduction of exotic cultivars (characterization,
evaluation) .
• Selection with emphasis in the restrictive factors of
the production (resistance to pest).
PRE-BREEDING
6. STRATEGIES
31
Evaluation of genetic
resources diversity
Study of plant/pathogen
relationships
Fixation of
traits
through
endogamy
Resistant cultivars with
homogenous pomologic traits
for the local papaya market
32
PAPAYA
Breeding-research program
Evaluation of genetic
resources diversity
Study of
plant/pathogen
relationships
Fixation of trait
through
vegetative
propagation
Resistant cultivars with
homogenous pomologic traits
for the local and international
market
Breeding-research program
PASSIFLORA
33
Marker - Assisted – Selection
M.A.S
34
To allow eliminate very early the selection process.
2- Revision/development of studies in agro-chains
(agrocadenas) of fruits in Colombia, with the
cooperation of public-private partnerships, with the
purpose of assessing the demand and determine
information about the fruits requirements of
presentation, prices and quality.
Competitive agreement in exotic fruits
6. STRATEGIES
35
3- Creation of specialized cultivars for the elaboration
of better quality juices and solution of the cultivation
problems (adaptation, rusticity), to contribute to the
creation of a “Colombian product” in a very
competitive and unstable market.
6. STRATEGIES
36
4- Characterization and identification of agro-ecological
areas by means of Geographical Information Systems
(GIS), to determine their potential for the production.
Climate and soils database
6. STRATEGIES
37
All these strategies must be carried out through
participative research and technology transfer.
38
Additionally……
• To strengthen the relationships with national and
international donors.
• To increase the cooperation with research
centers, governmental organizations, universities,
private sector and NGO’s.
• To strengthen divulgation strategies, such as:
• National and international congress.
• Workshops.
• Publications (papers).
39
40
Lobby-research-work-group
Highly
COMPETITIVE PRODUCTION
My personal objective
To provide the producers with a grow material with
the features required by the whole productive chain
and with adaptation features, with the purpose of
improving and modernizing the system of fruit
production
41
Thanks for your attention!!