FOOD AND ENERGYFACT OR FICTION?

a. Athletes need more proteins in their diets.

b. The only salt in food is the one you add to it.

c. As a part of a healthy diet, everyone should take vitamin supplements.

d. You can go without water for longer than you can go without food.

WHY IS FOOD NEEDED?

• Remember homeostasis?

• FOOD PROVIDES ENERGY

THAT IS NEEDED AND THE

MATERIALS NECESSARY TO

GROW AND REPAIR

TISSUES.

• NUTRIENTS: Substances in food that

provide the raw materials and energy

the body needs to carry out all the

essential processes.

NUTRIENTS

• SIX KINDS:

– Carbohydrates

– Fats

– Proteins

– Vitamins

– Minerals

– Water

• To measure energy, the

unit is calorie.

• 1 cal = the amount of

energy necessary to

raise 1oC 1g of water.

• 1 Calorie = 1000 cal

• The more calories, the

more energy.

CARBOHYDRATES (CHO’s)

• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and

Oxygen

• Major source of energy:

– 1g CHO’s = 4000 calories

• Recommended ingestion: 50-60% of

total Calories needed as CHO’s

• Classified in: Simple and Complex.

FATS

• High energy nutrients made of

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen; but has

more than twice the energy of

carbohydrates.

• Classified as:

– Unsaturated: Liquid at room temperature.

– Saturated: Solid at room temperature.

• No more than 30% of the Calories in your

diet should come from fats.

PROTEINS• Nutrients that contain Nitrogen as

well as Carbon, Hydrogen and

Oxygen. These are needed for

tissue growth and repair.

• Found in meat, poultry, fish, lentils

and dairy products.

• 12% of your diet should come from

proteins.

• Made of Amino Acids (AA’s): 20

different make up all proteins.

• Essential AA’s: Comes only from

food.

• Complete/Incomplete: Depend on the number of AA’s in them.

NEEDED IN SMALL AMOUNTS…

VITAMINS

• Act as helper molecules

in chemical reactions

inside the body.

• Water-soluble: You need

to ingest them daily

• Fat soluble: Can be

stored in fatty tissue.

MINERALS

• Nutrients NOT made by

living things.

• Found in plants or animals

that eat plants.

• Examples:

– Calcium Chlorine

– Fluorine Iodine

– Potassium Iron

– Magnesium Phosphorus

– Sodium

WATER

• Makes up about 65-

70% of our body

weight.

• Needed for:

– Digestion

– Body fluids

(saliva, blood, sweat

)

– Cell transport, etc.

DRINK 2 LITERS A DAY

THE FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID

• Classifies food into six groups and indicates how many

servings from each group should be eaten every day.

FOOD LABELS

• Tells you in

numbers, the

nutrient content of a food so you

can evaluate

and compare.