Environmental Pollution

Objectives:-

To learn about four types of pollution(Air, Water, Noise and Soil Pollution).

To learn about the reasons behind it.

To learn how to rescue it.

Introduction:-

In the previous class we learnt about the importance of air and water. We know that no living beings can survive without air and water. In this class we’ll learn about the pollution of air and water and the reasons behind it. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.

Air pollutionAir pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment.

The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.

•Conserve energy – remember to turn off lights, computers, and electric appliances when not in use.•Use energy efficient light bulbs and appliances.•Participate in your local utility’s energy conservation programs.•Limit driving by carpooling, using public transportation, biking and walking.•Combine errands for fewer trips.•Keep your automobile well tuned and maintained. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions on routine maintenance, such as changing the oil and filters, and checking tire pressure and wheel alignment.•Avoid excessive idling of your automobile.•Use electric or hand-powered lawn care equipment.•Be careful not to spill gasoline when filling up your car or gasoline powered lawn and garden equipment.

Methods of Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

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Water PollutionWater pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans,  and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

• Never throw rubbish away anyhow. Always look for the correct waste bin. If there is none around, please take it home and put it in your trash can. This includes places like the beach, riverside and water bodies.

• Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when not in use. Also, you can reduce the amount of water you use in washing and bathing. If we all do this, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduce the amount of dirty water that needs treatment.

• Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down the sink drain, or the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal of medicines and chemicals. Check with your local authorities if there is a chemical disposal plan for local residents.

Some Methods to Prevent Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas.Indoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities, and music performances, especially in some workplaces. 

Noise Pollution

Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music) noise.High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction, and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss.

Noise Pollution

Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil.

Soil Pollution

Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry, computer modeling skills, and GIS in Environmental Contamination, as well as an appreciation of the history of industrial chemistry.In North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is best known, with many of countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem. Developing countries tend to be less tightly regulated despite some of them having undergone significant industrialization.

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N O I T U L L O PA R I W S A N Z FT R I A I T W R EU N A T U R A L ER H W E T H R J KE I F R T O I G AS O I L E S I O NM O L E C U L E S

1.Pollution2.Air3.Water4.Nature5.Molecules6.Natural7.Noise8.Soil

Word Puzzle

Thank you

Done by :- Zaman Karim