ENVIORNMENTAL POLLUTION

BY-AKASHDEEP NAYEKBATCH- 2014RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIVEKANANDA UNIVERSITY.

Overview..

PollutionDefinitionTypes of pollution

PollutantsDefinitionTypes of pollutants

Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Soil Pollution Nuclear Pollution

Definition of Pollution

Pollution is the undesirable change of our surrounding environment which effects plants, animals as well as human beings.

Pollution refers to the very bad condition of environment in terms of quantity and quality.

Types of Pollution

There are mainly three major types of pollution-a. Air Pollutionb. Water Pollutionc. Soil PollutionBesides these other minor pollutions are-d. Noise Pollutione. Nuclear Pollutionf. Thermal Pollution

Pollutants

Pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.

Types of Pollutants

Based on the state pollutants can be classified into three category-a. Solidb. Liquidc. Gaseous

and based on the degradability- a. Degradable pollutants (ex. Domestic sewage) b. Semi degradable pollutants (ex. Plastic, DDT) c. Non degradable pollutants (ex. Lead, Hg)

It is the mixing of some substances (chemical, physical or biological) in the ambient air in such a concentration that a situation arises in which man and his environment is badly affected. (WHO)

AIR POLLUTION

Causes..

Natural:• Forest fire, volcano, dust, salt particles,

cosmic dust.•Methane, emitted by the digestion of

food by animals.• Radon gas from radioactive decay within

the Earth’s crust.• Smoke and carbon monoxide from

wildfires etc.

Con…

Human made:Major sources of Air Pollution• Industries•Automobiles and domestic fuels•High proportion of undesirable gases,

such as sulphur di oxide and Carbon monoxide.

Effects..

Air Pollution affects-Human healthAnimalPlantsThe atmosphere as a whole.

London smog, December 1953

Control measures..

• Scrubbers, removal of pollutants.• Filters, electrostatic participator.•Building higher smoke-stacks.•Carefully location of Industries.

The contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for usage is termed as water pollution.

WATER POLLUTION

Causes..

•Urbanization, industrialization, Excess withdrawn of water, agricultural run-off, improper agricultural practices.•Various religious and social practices.•Organic and inorganic industrial waste

and affluent discharged into rivers.

Effects..

•Marine eco-system adversely affected.•Affects the nervous system, kidney, liver

and brain damage.•Radiation sickness (nausea, diarrhoea,

general weakness etc.) weakens body immune system, genetic disorder, metabolism of plants.•About 40% of worldwide death is

associated with water pollution.

Control measures..

•Rivers or domestic usable water source must not be used for washing clothes or bathing of animals.•Harvesting of rainwater to meet the water

requirements.•Dams and embankments must be created.•Dead bodies should not be thrown in

rivers.

Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.

The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness, duration, rhythm and the mood of the person

NOISE POLLUTION

Causes..

• Traffic noise.•Air-craft noise.•Noise from construction and civil

engineering works.•Noise from the industries etc.

Effects..

•Hearing Loss.•High Blood Pressure.• Stress.• Sleep Disturbance.•Colour Blindness.

Control measures..

• The Govt. should ensure the new machine that should be noise proof.•Air ports must be away from residential

area.• The sound horn symbol is to be in school

or hospital roads.

Presence of different undesirable particles in the soil is coined as soil or land pollution.

SOIL POLLUTION

Causes..

•Macro and micro nutrients like Zn, Cu, Mg, Mo etc.•Household garbage.• Industrial waste.• Sewage waste etc.

Effects..

• These poor land is not suitable for constructing house.• The quality of agriculture is affected

adversely.•Ground water gets affected.•Affects living organism like human, animal

and plants adversely.

Control measures..

•More and more land should be brought under farming.• Trees should be planted everywhere.•Waste matter should be disposed

immediately.•Avoid drilling the land for more

underground water.•Avoid using more fertilizer and pesticides.

Despite the advantage of nuclear as a clean energy, the big concern is the resulted from nuclear reaction, which is a form of pollution called Radio activity.

NUCLEAR POLLUTION

Causes..

•Nuclear power plants (Ex. Neyveli, Kalpakkam)•Nuclear weapon (Ex. Missiles)•Disposal of nuclear waste.•Uranium mining.

Effects..

• The diseases include blood in cough,•Ulcer,• Swelling of bone joints,•Cancer,• Lung cancer,• Skin cancer,•Bone cancer,• Eye problems.

Control measures..

•Avoid constructing nuclear power plant.•Avoid using nuclear weapons.•Have proper treatment for nuclear waste.

Role of individual in prevention of

pollution..

•Masses at present level should determine to consume optimum level of resources, which would lead a comfortable life.•Waste disposal at personal level should be

optimally reduced as waste destruction by any means causes pollution.•Use of chemical fertilizers should be

limited as to avoid water pollution e.g. DDT etc.