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Educause 2010 Featured Speaker presentation
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Openness, Data and a Sustainable Future of Education
David Wiley, PhDDepartment of Instructional Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
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If the Book Didn’t Change Schools
Can the computer?Can the internet?
Can the LMS?
Openness, Then Data
A brief thought experiment…
Openness… In Education?
Let’s begin by defining terms
Open, adj.
Describes educational artifacts
Open Textbooks
Open Educational Resources
Open Courseware
(Open Source Software)
Open, adj.
Teaching materials freely shared with permissions to engage in the “4R” activities
The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
Communicate 4Rs Permissions
Since this overrides default copyright,you must use a copyright license
Offers easy to use 4R’s licenses
While Nouns Differ…
The operationalizing actions are the same
Open, adj.
Generous, sharing, giving
Open, adj.
Providing (1) access and (2) local control
Your Inner Two-year Old
Overcoming the impulse to scream“Mine!”
Law and Policy “Enable” Us
To shout “Mine!” ever more loudly,convulse ever more uncontrollably,
and hit each other with ever larger toys
Society’s Siren Song
“Be selfish. Keep it to yourself. Sue your neighbor.
It’s legal. It’s ok.”
Education Is Not Immune
This kind of thinking is accepted
Role of Openness in Education?
A terrible, insidious question
Openness is the only means of doing education.
If There Is No Sharing…
There is no education
Education, n.
A relationship of sharing
Successful Educators
Share most thoroughly with the most students
Expertise Is Nonrivalrous
Can be given without being given away
“He who receives ideas from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.”
Thomas Jefferson
Teachers Would Be Like Bees!
They could only teach once
Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away
Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away
Expressions Are Different
Digital expressions are nonrivalrous
n’t^
E.g., Online Book
We can all read simultaneously
An Indescribable Advance
The first time in human history
Expertise and Its Expressions
Give without giving away
Unprecedented Capacity
We can share as never before
Unprecedented Capacity
We can educate as never before
What Are We Doing?
This increased capacity is a stewardship
Open Educational Resources
Open Course Ware
Open Course Ware
Open Courses
Open Courses
Open Textbooks
Open Textbooks
Repository Examples
OpenCourseWare Examples
Open Courses Examples
Open Textbook Examples
Organizations
Now, On to Data
But first a brief joke
Each and Every Interaction
Recorded and stored for analysisto improve quality of service / experience
Continuous Improvement Process
(CIP)
If Only We Could Get It…
Education could engage in continuous quality improvement, too!
Even the Grocer!
Almost every industry (1) gathers and (2) uses data more effectively than we do
Data Alone Don’t Enable CIP
You need Openness + Data
A Concrete Example
Why you need BOTHOpenness + Data to CIP
Bloom’s 2 Sigma Challenge
Bloom, 1984
One-to-One Tutoring
And other methods compared to 30 students in the classroom
Average Tutored Student +2sd
In other words, the average student is capable of much more
Tutoring is Expensive
So we teach class instead!
Bloom, 1984
If the research on the 2 sigma problem yields practiced methods (methods that the average teacher or school faculty can learn in a brief period of time and use with little more cost or time than conventional instruction), it would be an educational contribution of the greatest magnitude. (p. 5)
To Tutor Or Not to Tutor?
That is the (false) question
“Intelligent” Tutors
Have different scalability problemsDehumanize learning
“Strategic Tutoring”
What if we could do one-on-one tutoring just-in-time and just-on-topic?
Would Require Lots of Data
Where can we get it all?
Would Require New Model
Institutional commitment
What Kind of Data?
When they logged in, read, and workedHow long they logged in, read, and worked
Pathway information, Item-by-item analytics,
&c.
OHSU Teaching Model
Online curriculum teaches as much as possible,teachers do proactive “strategic tutoring”
Teacher Becomes Tutor
Has the curriculum replaced the teacher?
As broadcast machinery, yes.
Are You Even Allowed to CIP?
Data aren’t sufficient – you need permission
Open Educational Resources
Give OHSU the permissions it needs to engage in continuous improvement
“4R” Permissions
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
OHSU Charter Requires OER
Founders’ way of “burning the ships”and fully committing to CIP
Conjoint CIP
Student learning and curriculum effectivenessgrow simultaneously
Curriculum Use
Curriculum Redesign
StudentPerformance
Data
Data Describing Curriculum
Performance
Data Supporting Strategic Tutoring
FeedbackLoop
But Tutoring Data are Out-of-Band!
Using customer relationship management(CRM) tools
Visualizing Educational Data
Creating new visualization techniques to support teaching and learning
Openness + Data Are Required
For Continuous Improvement Processes
Openness + Data Are Required
For us to stay competitive and relevant in a changing post-secondary ecosystem
If the Book Didn’t Change Schools
Can openness?Can data?
Can openness + data?
Reconsider Your Stewardship
Please – for yourself, your institution,and your students