DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS

ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

DRAWING PAPER This type does not

groove easily when pressure is applied

to the pencil. Oslo paper is commonly used but bond paper is also recommended.

MASKING TAPE This is used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board because it does not damage the board and it will not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off.

PENCIL SHARPENER

Pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign of dullness. Various types and designs are available in the stores.

ERASER This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing.A soft eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and pencil marks, whereas, a harder eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors in the drawing.

DRAWING PENCIL This is one of the most important tools in drawing. It comes in various grades. The grade of pencil to be used depends on the quality of paper to be used.

HARD PENCILS – are used where extreme accuracy is required especially working on graphs, diagrams and charts.

MEDIUM PENCILS – are used for general purpose work in drawing.

SOFT PENCILS – are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting. They are very useful for art work of various kinds.

TRIANGULAR SCALES A tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced for to some regular proportion. Its main function is to reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, and enlarged size.

ERASING SHIELD

This is made up of a thin metal with irregular holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures.

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

are used for drawing and designing purposes.

T - SQUARE

• a drawing instrument used when making horizontal lines. It is also used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines.

• made up of wood, plastic or the combination of both.

FIXED HEAD – the head is fastened to the blade. It is used for ordinary work.

MOVABLE HEAD / ADJUSTABLE HEAD – it has one fixed and one adjustable head and used only for occasional drawing.

DETACHABLE HEAD / REMOVABLE HEAD – it is designed for comfort when carrying the T – square.

TRIANGLES

• it is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90 degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30, including 60 degree angles.

Commonly used triangles are:a. 30 degrees X 60 degreesb. 45 degrees X 45 degrees

COMPASS• This drawing instrument is used when drawing arcs and circles. It is used in a similar way to a divider. It is composed of one with the pen leg and the needle point leg being held together with a handle.

DIVIDER• it is used when transferring measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts. It can easily transfer accurate measurements by adjusting the divider points.

PROTRACTOR • a semi-circular instrument divided into 180 equal parts, each of which is called degree. It is used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles and circles.