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This is a presentation that has been delivered by Prof. Hisham Mortada, KAU, at 3rd National Heritage Conference, held in Medina, KSA, Dec. 8, 2013. It is on a 3-year academic research project aimed to document traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia.
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Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (DATASA)Prof. Dr. Hisham MortadaKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi ArabiaDecember 8. 2013
Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (DATASA)
• In 2009, KAU signed a scientific exchange agreement with Technical University of Vienna (TUV) to jointly conduct a research to document traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia.
• Aims:• Technology transfer• Documentation of traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia
(space distribution, external treatment, construction materials and techniques, and influencing factors)
Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (DATASA)
• VUT’s Responsibility: Training KAU’s students and faculty members on the use of the latest technologies (i.e. 3D laser scanning) of documentation of historic buildings in Jeddah.
• KAU Team’s Responsibility: Documentation of traditional architecture throughout Saudi Arabia (except Jeddah)
• Project Period: 36 months, starting May 2011
• Number of Participants: 25 faculty members and more than 60 students.
• Achievement: Surveying the traditional architecture and urbanism of 95 cities, towns, villages and settlements in Saudi Arabia.
DATASA
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5
4
3
2
Surveyed settlements
DATASA
Scales:•Urban• Architecture
Techniques:• 3D laser scanning• City analysis• Conventional means (measurement, drawing, sketching)• Photography• Video taping• GPS & thermal assessment• Interpretation• Oral history• Local resources
JEDDAH
• Traditional Architecture Recorded by Means of Building Archaeology in Saudi Arabia (2011) 3D laser scanning (Historic Jeddah)
TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
• Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc.
Al-Ula Dhahran al-Janoub
City Analysis
Yanbu
City Analysis
Al-Alagah Village, Az-Zulfi
• Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc.
Wadi al-Dawaser
City Analysis
• Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc.
Domat al-Jandal
City Analysis
• Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc.
Domat al-Jandal
Farasan Islands
Conventional Means
• Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
Spatial distribution, al-Aflaj
Construction materials, Asir
Construction technique, Oyon al-Jewa, al-Qassim
Conventional Means
• Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
Conventional Means
• Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
Al-Ghat
Ahad Rafidah, Asir
Yanbu
Conventional Means
• Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)
A house GF, Farasan Island A house elevation, Al-Qunfudah
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)Yanbu Najran
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)
Al-Zafier, Baha Wadi al-Dawasir
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)
Kaf Palace, al-JoufA House GF, Huraimlah
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)
A House GF, Manwah Village, al-QurayyatA House GF, Tabouk
Conventional Means
• Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement)
Noorwalli House, Historic Jeddah Al-Nawar House, Historic Jeddah
Al-Ula Bani Malik, Jazan
Taif
Photographic Survey
Az-Zulfi Wadi al-Dawaser
Video Taping
Al-Dariyah (30 vs. 46°c) Al-Hair (30 vs. 62°c)
Thermal Analysis
A surveyed dwelling, al-Dariayh
GPS
• Location definition using MotionX
Anad al-Ghoraidh House, Tabouk
GPS
• Location definition using MotionX
Wall remains, Hotat Bani Tamim
GPS
• Location definition using MotionX
Added floor, Umluj Integrated structure, Hail
Interpretation
• Architectural Scale
Half building, Hafuf
Missing space, Duba
Undefined courtyard, Hail
Interpretation
• Architectural Scale
Collapsed column, Hail
Misplaced column, Oyon al-Jewa Unrecognized space use, Bani Malik, Jazan
Cut beam, Umluj
Interpretation
• Architectural Scale
Cemented mud wall, al-Khobra, Qassim
Missing boundaries, Hail
Lower openings, Maqsorat al-Swelem
Interpretation
• Architectural Scale
Original colour? Taif Incomplete Rowshan, Yanbu Foreign figures, Hail
Interpretation
• Architectural Scale
Ruined district, al-Alagah
Unidentified commercial street, Dhahran al-Janob
Interpretation
• Urban Scale
Ruined district, Yanbu
Unidentified urban layout and foreign style, Sabya
Deserted settlement, Az-Zulfi
Unrecognizable urban layout, Aflaj
Winding sabat, Qatif
Interpretation
• Urban Scale
• Urban aspects (wall, gates, major streets, land uses, etc.)
• Architectural aspects (space usage, style, construction materials & techniques, master builders, source of construction materials, etc.)
• Influencing factors (i.e. history, environment, economy, culture, etc.)
Asir Aflaj Umluj Taif
Oral History
Jazan
Najran
Dhahran al-JanobYanbu
Oral History
Fead Village, Hail Al-Mothnab, al-Qassim Al-Wajh
Oral History
Al-Kaf Village, al-Jouf Az-Zulfi Al-Mostajedah Village, Hail
Oral History
Dammam
Al-GhatOshaiger
Jizan
Local Resources
• Libraries & museums
Summary & Conclusions
• DATASA is the first attempt ever to scientifically record and survey the traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia.
• The results of the project will be delivered in the form of reports and published papers and books. Various internet media and documentary productions might be considered in future.
• The members of the project team have painfully witnessed the vanishing of very precious buildings and entire settlements that are significant to the regional history and identity of Saudi Arabia.
• Local communities have a fundamental responsibility in protecting the architectural heritage they produced while authority should raise public awareness to maintain this heritage.
