INTRORUCTION

TO

COMPUTER(CPU)

LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SARIGAM

Laxmi Institute of Technology ,

Sarigam

Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Div.: A

Guided By : MS. MALIYA RAMA

Prepared By : Roll no. 31 - 35

Subject : CPU

BRANCH - MECHANICAL-AACADAMIC YEAR – 2014-2015

SUBJECT - CALCULASSEM. – 1

31- FARUKH SHAIKH

32- RAVINDRA YADAV

33- AKSHAY AHIRE

34- KRUPAL BHANDARI

35- YASH PAWAR

140860119105

140860119123

140860119004

140860119

140860119

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Introduction :

In 21st century, we are crossing the threshold of new

information era in which we are developing tools that

permit us to amplify human intelligence and acquire the

information needed to explore new systems in area of

education, research and health care, commercial business

and manufacturing etc. This new information era is nothing

but the computer Era. Here in this chapter basic

fundamentals of computer system, software and hardware

are describe.

It is an electronic device which accept data from out side world ( standard input device ) and manipulates and process it according to instruction given at high speed. It has memory to store large amount of data, can process it in accurate form with high speed by using power full processor. Computer is also called data processor because it can store, process and retrieve data when ever required.

computer

A computer system is combinational of

six elements.

1. hardware

2. software

3. instruction or procedure or module

4. data/information

5. communication

6. people

computer

Basic block diagram and function

of computer components:Basic block diagram of computer system

is given below. There are basic five

components which are

1. central processing unit (CPU) (ALU and

CU)

2. memory

3. input device

4. output device

5. secondary storage device

Central processing unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU), some times referred to as

“brain” of the system, is main part of computer system that

contain electronic circuitry that actually process the data. It

also controls the flow of data through the system.

The CPU consists

1. ALU (Arithmetic logic unit)

2. CU (Control unit)

cpu

1. ALU:

Here actual execution instruction take place during

processing operation. It performs all arithmetic

calculations and take logical decision. It can

compare, count, shift or other logical activities.

All such calculations and comparisons are done in

this unit and return information (process data) to

memory unit if storage require. It calculate very fast.

Cpu

2. CU :

It manages and coordinates operations of all other components of computer system. It also perform following functions.

It retrieve instruction or data from memory.

It decode instruction

It coordinate time sequence of instruction among various component of system

It determine requirement of storage and take action according to it

It also fetch instruction from main memory.

Memory unit

The storage unit of computer system store data for following

purposes.

Processing data and instructions.

Storage of temporary result (intermediate data storage)

Permanent storage for future requirement (secondary

storage)

There are two types of storage.

1. primary storage

2. secondary or auxiliary storage

Primary storage (user ram)

The main function of primary storage are …

Store current program or data (running program)

It also store temporary data of current program

Less space in comparison of secondary storage

Volatile (data losses on power off)

Comparatively more expensive

Fast in operation

Primary memory

It is classified as:-

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)

Erasable Programmable Memory (EPROM)

Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory

(EEPROM)

Secondary or auxiliary memory

The main function of secondary storage are …

Used to store program and data for future usage

Large capacity (GB) in comparison with primary

memory

Slower than primary memory

Retain data without power

Cheaper than primary memory

Secondary memory

It also called as external memory

hard disk (HDD)

floppy disk

cd

dvd

removable hard disk

pen drive

Input/output device

Entering data or information into a

computer is called input. An input

device is a device which enters data or

information into a computer.

Information we get from computer is

known as output. Output device return

processed data that is information back

to the user.

An output is a peripheral that convert

machine readable information into

people readable form.

Limitation of computer

computer cannot identify any input / output by itself for

solving problem

it cannot make any decision related problem, solution

formula must be given

it cannot make any decision on the base of experience

it can not interpret the data store in to storage media in

different aspects as per situation

for every solution rules or procedure or sequence needed.

Types of component

There are two types of component of

computer:-

1. Software

2. Hardware

hardware

The stuff of computer you can actually see and touch are called

hardware.

Here are some list of hardware components:-

1. monitor

2. keyboard

3. mouse

4. C.P.U

5. mother-board

6. RAM & ROM

7. PSU (power supply unit)

software

The stuff of computer you cannot touch but realize with the

help of hardware.

There are basically two types of software:-

1. system software :- operating system, compiler, assembler,

loader, linker, editor, translator, macro processor & interpreter.

2. application software :-

(i) general purpose

(ii) specific purpose software

Programming languages

It is classified as :-

1. machine language or low

language

2. middle level language

3. high level language

4. object oriented

Applications of computer

There are various area where computer can be used:-

1. reservation system (air, rail way, bus)

2. crime detection

3. production system

4. space technology

5. weather forecasting

6. research & science

7. cost analysis

8. banking system