CitizenshipCitizenship

Fundamental to democracyFundamental to democracy InformedInformed KnowledgeableKnowledgeable ActiveActive SS has been “assigned” the SS has been “assigned” the

responsibility for thisresponsibility for this

Cultural Conservation Cultural Conservation Orientation Orientation

Passing on societal core valuesPassing on societal core values ““Truths” to pass onTruths” to pass on Referred to as “passive” citizenshipReferred to as “passive” citizenship Tends to be dominated by teacher-Tends to be dominated by teacher-

centred curriculumcentred curriculum

Disciplines OrientationDisciplines Orientation

Need to understand concepts and Need to understand concepts and processes contained in the processes contained in the disciplinesdisciplines

Each discipline has its own structure Each discipline has its own structure and method of inquiryand method of inquiry

Procedures are standardized and Procedures are standardized and organizedorganized

Viewed as “rigorous”Viewed as “rigorous”

Inquiry OrientationInquiry Orientation

Citizenship must be able to identify Citizenship must be able to identify and solve complex, diverse problemsand solve complex, diverse problems

Emphasis is on the search for Emphasis is on the search for knowledgeknowledge

Demands active involvement of Demands active involvement of studentsstudents

Outcome of investigations not known Outcome of investigations not known ahead of time. ahead of time.

Cultural Transformation Cultural Transformation OrientationOrientation

Basis is a broad social concern for Basis is a broad social concern for social justicesocial justice

Development of skills necessary to Development of skills necessary to change and improve existing social change and improve existing social practicespractices

Active involvement and student Active involvement and student opinions are crucialopinions are crucial

Reflection on moral issuesReflection on moral issues

Personal Development Personal Development OrientationOrientation

Development of the self is crucial to Development of the self is crucial to good citizenship.good citizenship.

Positive self-concept Positive self-concept Personal efficacyPersonal efficacy Search for own personal meaningSearch for own personal meaning Character-values-moralsCharacter-values-morals

Respect for Diversity Respect for Diversity OrientationOrientation

All people/groups have valueAll people/groups have value The good citizen appreciates the The good citizen appreciates the

values of different groupsvalues of different groups ““Emotional Generosity” Emotional Generosity” Combating prejudice/stereotypingCombating prejudice/stereotyping Interdependence of people across Interdependence of people across

culturescultures

Global OrientationGlobal Orientation

Worldwide interdependence of Worldwide interdependence of peoplepeople

““National Citizenship” is too narrowNational Citizenship” is too narrow Awareness of pluralism, and skills to Awareness of pluralism, and skills to

cope with rapid changecope with rapid change Sharing of finite resourcesSharing of finite resources Examination of broad issues (e.g. Examination of broad issues (e.g.

environmental problems) environmental problems)