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Report of Roy Vincent Guardados 3rd year AB Political Science Comparative Government Subject (Asia) First Sem of S.Y. 2013-2014 Ateneo de Davao University
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CHINA
Political Development:
China’s Political Development
Ancient China Shang Dynasty (1523- 1028 BC)
- Aristocracy
Zhou Dynasty (1027- 250 BCE)- Early Feudal System- Taoism and Confucianism
China’s Political Development
Qin Dynasty (221- 207 BCE)- Adopted Legalism- Highly Centralized Government
Han Dynasty (202 BCE- 221 CE) - Legalism to Confucianism
- Introduced Civil Service Examination- Warlords control China - no centralized gov’t
China’s Political Development
Tang Dynasty (618- 907 CE)- Rebuilt Bureaucracy
- Examination System- Confucian Education- Limited Social Mobility
- Weak EmperorsSong Dynasty
- Large centralized Bureaucracy (Neo- Confu)
China’s Political Development
Yuan Dynasty (1279- 1368 CE)
- Kublai Kahn Conquered China- Open to economic Trade
The Silk Road
China’s Political Development
Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644 CE)- Tried to erase all Mongol sign- Reinstated Civil Service- Collapse due to Imperial Extravagance
Qing Dynasty
OPIUM WAR
Opium War
Trade frictions grew with the European powers, especially Britain.
the Chinese had little need for anything more than silver from the West, selling porcelain, silk, and tea in return.
Eventually the British began illegally importing Indian opium into China.
The Qing government moved to halt the illegal trade by burning confiscated opium.
Qing Dynasty
Treaty of Nanjing-First of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers.
- China paid the British an indemnity.
- China agreed to establish a fair and reasonable tariffs.
Qing Dynasty
Taiping Rebellion
~Peasants were upset that foreigners were treated differently (they were given special privileges)
~Resented Chinese Christians
From Shang Dynasty
Qing,
IMPERIALISTIC…
to
The Turning Point
By the End of 19th Century
Serious Changes must be made.
1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) leads his Kuomintang (Guomintang) or ___________ Party and overthrows the Qing Dynasty.
Develops ____________________________:1. ______________- overthrow weak government and unite
all Chinese under a strong centralized government.2. _______________- Use constitutional government: equality for all and elected officials.3. _______________- Give fair and equal ownership of land so all Chinese live well.
Nationalist
Three Principles of the People
Nationalism
Democracy
Livelihood
1916 - Nationalist Party has trouble controlling warlords and loses power.
An Unlikely Alliance
In a hope for common action the Nationalists (Kuomintang) turn to the Communists
Mao Zedong…
1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) leads Communist party which is influenced by __________ and ______________. Their goal was to take over the government and create a centralized government to regulate the agricultural output, education, and society. Mao believed the peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.
Karl MarxVladimir Lenin
The 1st Great Leap ForwardExpand the success of the 5 year plansCommunes-collective farms15,000 acres and 25,000 peopleCommunal living
Giant step backward
Poor planning and inefficient industry
Ended in 1961 after crop failure caused famine that killed 20 million people
The 2nd Great Leap Forward
Says failures from ’55 because he wasn’t bold enough…
Collectives build public works projects
Mao’s attempt to catch up with the rest of the world
1949 - With the wide and mass support of the peasants and workers, Mao Zedong defeats Jiang Jieshi and creates ___________________ ________. The Nationalists flee mainland China to Taiwan, creating Two Chinas.
Communists create a one-party state led by Mao Zedong - Begin Reforms:1. All resources are directed toward political, social, and economic growth2. Improved medical supplies and hospitals3. Schools built4. Regulation of all media (press, writing, speech, etc.)
the Peoples Republicof China
The Cultural Revolution(mid 1966)
Eradicate the remains of so-called bourgeois ideas and Customs.
Increase his power over the government by discrediting or removing party leaders who had challenged his authority or disagreed with his Policy
“Learn Revolution by Making Revolution”
Mao felt new policies weakened Communist goal of social equality
Millions of high school and college students left classrooms and formed militia units called the Red Guards
Wanted to revive the revolution in 1966
The Red Guards
•the Red Guards traveled throughout China, going to schools, universities, and institutions, spreading the teachings of Mao. •Many were violent and oppressive to those who went against the teachings of Mao or criticized him. •The role of Red Guard was mainly to attack the "Four Olds" of society, old ideas, cultures, manners, and customs of China at the time.
The Cultural RevolutionNew Hero:
peasants who worked with their hands
Intellectual activity and art: useless and dangerous
Schools and colleges: shut down
Resistance to the regime:
Purification in hard labor camps
Execution
Imprisonment
Four Modernizations
AgricultureMilitary
Technology
Equipments