CHINESEPOLITICAL

INSTITUTIONS

CHINA

• FULL NAME: THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA• COMMON NAME: CHINA• CAPITAL: BEIJING• POPULATION: 1.3 BILLION• ECONOMY: “FACTORY OF THE WORLD”

NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS

Functions:• exercises the state power of amending the

Constitution and supervising the enforcement of the Constitution

• enacts basic laws of the state• elects and decides on the choices of the

leading personnel of the highest state organs of China

TERM: FOR 5 YEARSSESSION: DURING THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE YEAR (First quarter: from the beginning of January to the end of March)

THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESSSTANDING

COMMITTEE OF NPC

NATIONAL PEOPLE’S

CONGRESS

PEOPLE’S LIBERATION

ARMY

PROVINCIAL-LEVEL PEOPLE’S

CONGRESS

PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S

GOVERNMENT

STATE COUNCIL

CITY –LEVEL PEOPLE’S

CONGRESSES

COUNTY –LEVEL PEOPLE’S

CONGRESSES

COUNTY PEOPLE’S

GOVERNMENTS

COUNTY PEOPLE’S

GOVERNMENT

COUNTY –LEVEL

PEOPLE’S CONGRESSES

CITY PEOPLE’S GOVERNMENTS

ALLOCATION OF THE NUMBER OF DEPUTIES

• Number of delegates shall be decided in accordance with the proportion of the population.

• No less than 15 delegates shall be allocated to a province or an autonomous region with a small population.

• appropriate representation from different groups

NPC cannot be regarded as a liberal-democratic institution due to these

aspects: • the indirect electoral or delegation

system• the corporatist structure of

representation• the explicit adherence to the principle of

democratic centralism

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT• The central government of the People’s Republic of

China was the State council.• State council consist of the premier, the vice-

premiers, the ministers and the commissions & the secretary general.

• Functions: - Proposes bills to the NPC - Reports to the NPC on the work of the government

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENTPremier and vice-premiers of the state

STATE COMMISSIONS

STATE COUNCIL

Elected by National People’s Congress

STATE COUNCIL OFFICE

OTHER MINISTERIAL-LEVEL INSTITUTIONS

STATE COUNCIL ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES

AD HOC WORKING PARTIES , COMMITTEES AND STATE COUNCIL COMMISSIONS

STATE COUNCIL BUREAUX

MINISTRIES

MINISTERIAL BUREAUXOPERATIONAL DEPARTMENTS OF STATE COUNCIL

Central Military

Commission

THE LIMITATIONS OF POWER

• was not established independently to the legislature but elected by it

• it could be censured by the NPC and/or its standing committee.

JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Constitutionally comprises of three parts: - PEOPLE’S COURT SYSTEM - PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE SYSTEM - PUBLIC SECURITY SYSTEM

PEOPLE’S COURTS

• Judicial organs exercising judicial power in behalf of the state.

• Try all cases in public, except those involving state secrets, individual privacy or juvenile delinquency.

• People's courts at all levels set up judicial committees.

• Exercise state judicial power independently, free from interference from any organizations or individuals

PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE SYSTEM• The state organs for legal supervision

Art.5 of the Organic Law states the functions and powers of the people's procuratorates at all levels as the following:

• to exercise procuratorial authority over cases of treason and other major criminal cases

• to conduct investigation of criminal cases handled directly by themselves;

• to review cases investigated by public security organs and determine whether to approve arrest, and to prosecute or to exempt from prosecution;

• to exercise supervision over the investigative activities of public security organs

• to initiate public prosecutions of criminal cases and support such prosecutions

• to exercise supervision over the judicial activities of people's courts

• to exercise supervision over the execution of judgments and orders in criminal cases

PUBLIC SECURITY SYSTEM

• lead and direct the people's police, as functional departments of the people's governments.

• responsible for maintaining social and public order and State security

• leaders of public security is appointed by the people's congresses, or by their standing committees

THE COMMUNIST PARTY

• The sole party in power in China.• Founded in 1921 & established the People’s

Republic of China in 1949 • Has established formal and informal

organizations in the Chinese government.

NATURE OF THE CCP• the vanguard of the Chinese working class • takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and

Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guidance of its actions. • basic line for the primary stage of socialism is to

unite with and lead the people of all ethnic groups • Four Cardinal Principles : - adherence to the socialist road - the people’s democratic dictatorship - the leadership of the Communist Party- Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought

Current NPC of China

• Chairman of the Standing Committee: Wu Bangguo

Vice-Chairpersons:

Wang Zhaoguo,Li Tieying,Ismail Amat,He Luli (Female)

Ding Shisun,Cheng Siwei ,Xu Jialu,Jiang Zhenghua, Gu Xiulian (female),Raidi Sheng,Huaren Lu, Yongxiang Uyunqimg (female), Han Qide,Fu Tieshan

Secretary-general:

Sheng Huaren

China’s current Central Government officials

• Executive branch: chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003);

• Vice President: XI Jinping (since 15 March 2008)

• head of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003);

• Executive Vice Premier: LI Keqiang (17 March 2008), • Vice Premier: HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003)• Vice Premier: ZHANG Dejiang (since 17 March 2008), and• Vice Premier: WANG Qishan (since 17 March 2008)

REFERENCES:Flemming, C. & Rai, S.(1996). Chinese Politics and Society: an introduction.

Europe:Prentice Hall.• : http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/25060.htm• http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/china-facts.htm• file:///D:/My%20Documents/Downloads/II.%

20The%20System%20of%20People's%20Congress.html• file:///D:/

My%20Documents/Downloads/The%20National%20People's%20Congress.htm

• file:///D:/My%20Documents/Downloads/CHINA'S%20JUDICIAL%20SYSTEM.htm